ZYGOPHYLLE#. 
12 Anatrora. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Style 
short, clavate. Capsule quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- 
celled ; cells 4-5-seeded. 
13 Mevia’ntuvus. Calyx 5-cleft, unequal; lower segment 
drawn out into a hollow gibbosity. Petals 5. Stamens 4, 2 of 
which are connate. Style 1, crowned by a 4-cleft stigma. Cap- 
sule 4-lobed, 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded from abortion. 
14 Baranìres. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. 
Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe l-celled and I-seeded from 
abortion. 
§1. Zygophyllee vere. D. C. prod. 1. p. 703. Leaves 
opposite. 
I. TRIBULUS (from rpete, treis, three, and Bodoc, bolos, a 
point ; each carpel is armed with 3, sometimes 4, prickly points). 
Tourn. inst. t. 141, Lin. gen. no. 532. D.C. prod. I. p. 703. 
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, 
usually permanent. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10. Style 
very short, with a broad stigma. Carpels 4-5, adhering to 
the axis, triangular, indehiscent, hard, covered on the outside 
with tubercles or spines, transversely many-celled inside, rarely 
I-celled, with a solitary, horizontal, exalbuminous seed in each 
cell. Cotyledons thickish (Geert. fruct. 1. t. 69.)—Diffuse trail- 
ing herbs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves and membranous sti- 
pulas. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary. Flowers usually 
yellow, rarely white. 
1 T. cisroiprs (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with 8 pairs of rather 
equal leaflets, which are silky beneath; pedicels length of pe- 
tioles. 2%.S, Native of South America and the West Indies, 
in dry, sandy, barren places, also of the island of O Wahu. 
Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 103. Ker. bot. reg.t. 791.—Herm. par. 
t 136.—Pluk. phyt. t. 67. f. 4. The capsule, according to 
Kunth, is of 5 carpels, each divided into 2 or 3 transverse cells, 
armed outside with sharp spines. This is a beautiful species, 
with large yellow flowers, resembling those of some species 
of Helidnthemum. It is very common about Kingston in Ja- 
maica, and is planted in many gardens there for the sake of its 
flowers, which are very shewy, and have an agreeable smell. 
owls are observed to feed much upon them, and it is thought 
to heighten their flavour, as well as to contribute to fatten them. 
ence the plant is called Turkey-blossom. 
Rock-rose-like-flowered Caltrops. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1752. 
Pl. trailing. 
2 T. a’taus (Poir. dict. 8. p. 44.) leaves with usually 8 pairs 
of rather equal leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; 
Pedicels shorter than the petioles. %. S. Native of Guinea, 
very common at Cape Coast, Acra, and Whidah, in sandy, barren 
Places. Petals whitish, hardly longer than the calyx. _ 
White-flowered Caltrops. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. trailing. 
3 T. rerre’stris (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with usually 6 pairs 
of rather equal leaflets; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; 
carpels 4-horned. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, 
Barbary, Senegal, and the Mauritius, in barren, sandy places. 
Leaves villous and almost smooth. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 1. Schkuhr., 
handb. 1. t. 115.—Lob. icon. 2. t. 84.—Mor. hist. sect. 2. t. 8. 
- 9.—Barrel. icon. t. 558. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 
2 or 3 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. This is a very com- 
Mon species in the south of Europe, in arable land, and is trou- 
€some to cattle by the prickly fruit running into their feet. 
he French name of this plant is La Croix de Chevalier, Our 
nglish appellation of Caltrops, is taken from the form of the 
ruit; which resembles the machines which are cast in the way 
to obstruct an enemy’s cavalry. 
Earth or Common Caltrops, Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl, tr, 
VOL, I. 
I. Trisurvs. 
II. EHRENBERGIA. 769 
4 T. sugixe'rmis (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 94.) leaves 
usually with 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are hairy on 
both surfaces ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; capsules arm- 
less, but tubercled. ©. H. Native of Thibet. Flowers vellow. 
Unarmed-capsuled Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. 
Pl. trailing. ` 
5 T. ara`rus (Del. ill. p. 44.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of 
rather equal leaflets, which are clothed on both surfaces with 
close-pressed villi ; pedicels very short ; capsules without horns 
but with winged margins. ©. H. Native of Egypt, in sandy, 
barren places. T. pentándrus, Forsk. descr. 38. which is said 
to have only 5 or 6 stamens. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 
2 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. 
Winged-fruited Caltrops. Pl. trailing. 
6 T. Lanvernodsus (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs 
of rather equal leaflets, which are covered with close-pressed 
pubescence ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; carpels 2-horned. 
©. S. Native af Ceylon.—Burm. zeyl. 265. t. 106. f. 1. 
Flowers yellow. Fruit angular, hairy. 
Woolly Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. trailing. 
7 T. ma’ximus (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves of 3 or 4 pairs of 
leaflets, outer ones largest; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; 
carpels unarmed, connected together into a 10-ribbed, 10-seeded 
fruit. ©. S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas, in sandy, 
arid places. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 462. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 2. 
Capsule of 10 1-celled carpels. The flowers are pale yellow, 
and have an agreeable odour. 
Greatest Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt.1739. Pl. trailing. 
8 T. rriguca‘tus (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves with 
3 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest; pedicels? carpels crested 
and muricated, 1-seeded. ©. H. Native of North America 
in Georgia about Savannah. Flowers yellow. 
Three-paired-leaved Caltrops, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. 
Pl. trailing. 
9 T. puBE’sceNs ; pubescent ; leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets. 
©. S. Native of Acra in Guinea. Flowers small, cream- 
coloured. Capsules prickly. 7 
Pubescent Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1822. Pl. trailing. 
Cult. The annual species of this genus require to be sown 
in a moderate hot-bed in spring, and about the middle of May 
the plants may be planted out in a warm sheltered situation in 
the open border, where they will ripen their seeds. The peren- 
nial species will grow very well in a mixture of loam and peat, 
and they may be either increased by cuttings or seeds. 
II. EHRENBE’RGIA (in honour of C. G. Ehrenberg, a 
traveller in Egypt, Lybia, and Arabia, author of Sylva Myco- 
logicee Berolinensis, and other works). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 72. 
t. 163. 
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogyjnia, Calyx of 5-6 sepals. Pe- 
tals 5-6, spreading. Stamens 10-12, alternate ones inserted in 
the claws of the petals; the others in the receptacle, Carpels 
usually 10, 1~seeded, disposed in a whorl around the central 
axis, crested on the back. E 
1 E. tRIBULOìDES (Mart. fl. bras. l. c.) ©. S. Native 
of Brazil. Tribulus Brasiliénsis, Spreng. syst. app. p. 345. 
A branching, diffuse, pubescent herb, with abruptly-pinnate 
leaves, having 5-6 pairs of opposite or alternate leaflets, axil- 
lary, 1-flowered pedicels, bearing coppery, vermilion-coloured 
flowers. 7 
Tribulus-like Ehrenbergia. Pl. trailing. 
Cult. The seeds of this plant may be raised on a hot-bed, 
and when the plants have grown 2 or 3 inches, they may be 
Janted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, in the 
month of May, 
5 F 
