ZYGOPHYLLE®. XIV. 
Domingo, where it has been most probably introduced by the 
negroes from Africa. 
Fierce Balanites. Tree 20 feet. 
Cult. These trees will grow in a mixture of loam, sand, and 
peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root freely, if planted in 
a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, ina moderate heat. 
Orvrr LIX. RUTA‘CEZ (plants agreeing with Rita in im- 
portant characters), Juss. gen. 296. exclusive of the first sec- 
tion. Brown, gen. rem. p-13. D.C. prod. 1. p. 709.—Fraxi- 
nélle, Didsmeze, and Zanthoxyleze, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 
xi. p. 149.180. and 184, 
Flowers of all hermaphrodite, except in Tribe Zanthoajlee. 
Calyx with 4-5, rarely 3 divisions, toothed (f. 123. a.), cleft or 
parted. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx 
(f 123. b.), and alternating with them, usually distinct (f. 123. 
b.), and longer than the calyx, rarely connected into a monope- 
talous corolla, as in many of the genera belonging to Tribe Cus- 
pariée, and in the genus Corre’a, very rarely absent altogether. 
Stamens sometimes equal in number with the petals, and alter- 
nating with them; sometimes double that number (f. 123. d.), 
with the alternate ones shortest ; sometimes these last are abor- 
_ tive, and of a different figure to the others. Filaments inserted 
inthe gynophore, rarely beneath the hypogynous disk, and more 
rarely perigynous, or adhering to the bottom of the calyx, in 
consequence of the disk being joined with it; they are either 
naked or furnished with a scale at the base, free, very rarely 
connected at the base, or glued to the corolla, as in those with 
monopetalous flowers. Anthers 2-celled (f. 123. c.), bursting 
lengthwise. Ovary free, with the cells equal in number to the 
petals (f. 123. ¢.), and opposite them, rarely fewer, verticillate ; 
sometimes fixed around the common axis ; sometimes distinct to 
the base (f. 123. f.), sometimes joined together. Ovulæ fixed to 
the central placenta, usually 2 in each cell or carpel, rarely 1 or 4- 
20. Styles equal in number to the cells or carpels, usually con- 
nected together in one (f. 123. e.), or only connected at the base 
or top, rarely wholly distinct. Stigma of as many lobes or furrows 
as there are styles in those that are joined (f. 123. d.). Fruit 
sometimes simple, having as many valves (f. 123. g.) as there 
are styles, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, dehis- 
cent, but more usually with an equal number of 2-valved, separ- 
able carpels (f. 123. f.), rarely indehiscent, composed of many 
drupes or carpels. Sarcocarp thin, or more or less fleshy. 
Endocarp thin or woody, closely adhering to the sarcocarp, or 
separable from it into a 2-valved elastic cocculum. Seeds 
fewer than the ovule from abortion, with a membranous or usually 
With a testaceous covering. Albumen fleshy or cartilaginously 
horny, rarely wanting. Embryo white or greenish, with a 
Straight radicle pointing towards the top of the cells, rarely 
turned obliquely towards the hylum. Cotyledons of various 
forms. 
This is an interesting and extensive order, but rather hetero- 
geneous group of plants, natives of all countries and all situations. 
e species are either fetid northern herbaceous plants, as the 
Garden Rue; or neat heath-like southern shrubs, as the Cape 
Batanites. RUTACE. 775 
Diésmas ; broad or long-leaved Australian shrubs, covered with 
stellate pubescence, as Phebalium, Crowea, and Corra'a; or 
tropical trees, with panicles of palid flowers, as Zanthéxcylums, 
and Cusparias. 
siderable, 
and sudorific. Cape Didsmas abounds in a volatile oil, with an 
agreeable smell, but acrid flavour; several of the species are 
reputed antispasmodics. 
acrid, stimulating, spasmodic, and tonic qualities. Z. clava Hér- 
The medical properties of many genera are con- 
Rata and Péganum are ammenagogue, anthelmintic, 
The Zanthéxylums are said to possess 
culis and Z. fraxineum are said in America to be powerful 
sudorifics and diaphoretics. 
a remarkable power of exciting salivation, not only when ap- 
According to Barton, they possess 
plied to the mouth, but even when taken internally; they have 
both been found powerful remedies in paralysis of the mouth. 
Z. caribé um is regarded in Guiana as a detersive, vulnerary, and 
febrifuge. Brùcea is used as an astringent in dysenteries. The 
famous frebrifugal Angustura bark is the produce of Galipea 
Cusparia. The leaves of the plants contained in this order are 
of various kinds ; they are opposite or alternate, simple, trifoliate, 
or abruptly and impari-pinnate, always without stipulas, which 
distinguishes it from the last and the foregoing order, Zygo- 
phyllee and Simaribee; they have usually various glands, 
which contain oil of a very strong-scented odour. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
Trise I. 
Ru'rex. Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary 3-5 
lobed, 3-5 valved, 3-5 celled. Calyx of 4-5 divisions, with an 
equal number of petals. Albumen fleshy. Shrubs or herbs, with 
alternate leaves. 
1 Pr’Ganum. 
crowned by a trigonal stigma. 
round, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. 
2 Ru'ta. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 8. Styles 4, connected. 
Ovary substipitate. Capsule 4-lobed, 4-celled. 
3 APLOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 10, 
connected. Capsule 5-lobed, 5-celled. 
Calyx 4-parted, unequal. 
Berry 4-celled; cells 1- 
Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 15, smooth. Style 
Capsule substipitate, nearly 
Styles 5, 
4 CyMINOsMA. Stamens 8. Style 
crowned by a 4-furrowed stigma. 
seeded. 
Tribe II. 
Dio'sMez-Evrorpza næ. Flowers irregular. 
gynous. Disk wanting. Ovaries 5, distinct. Albumen fleshy. 
Petals equal in number with the divisions of the calyx. 
5 Dicta’Mnus. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals unequal. 
Stamens 10, declinate. Style 1. Capsule substipitate, com- 
posed of 5 2-seeded carpels. 
Trige II. 
Flowers regular. Calyx 
Stamens perigynous. 
Stamens hypo- 
, 5 narie 
Dio’sME&-CAPE NSES. 5-parted. 
Petals 5. Disk adhering to the calyx. . 
Anthers 5. Ovaries 1-5, connected. Albumen very thin or wanting. 
6 CaLopE’NpROoN. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and 
petaloid, terminating ina gland. Anthers terminated by a gland, 
