778 RUTACE Æ. 
54 Asapnes. Calyx very short, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, 
linear. Stamens 4-5. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule pea-shaped, 
4-furrowed, 4-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded. Leaves ternate. 
55 Barratpera. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, bifid and un- 
guiculate, Stamens 10. Ovary adhering to the tube of the 
calyx, Style 1. Leaves simple. 
Tribe I. 
RU'TE& (plants agreeing with Rata in important characters). 
Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. Flowers regular. Calyx 
of 4 or 5 divisions. Petals equal in number with the divisions 
of the calyx. Endocarp not separable from the sarcocarp. Em- 
bryo within a fleshy albumen.—Shrubs or perennial herbs, with 
alternate simple or impari-pinnate leaves without stipulas. 
I. PE’'GANUM (from myyavov, peganon, rue in Greek ; 
resemblance). Lin. gen. 601. D.C. prod. 1. p.712. Andr. 
Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. t. 16. no. 8. 
Lin. syst. Dodecandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- 
manent. Petals 5, almost equal. Stamens 15, shorter than 
the petals, some of them abortive; filaments smooth, dilated at 
the base. Anthers linear. Style simple, terminated by a tri- 
gonal stigma. Capsules substipitate, nearly spherical, 3-celled, 
3-furrowed, 3-valved, many-seeded. Embryo straight.—Herbs 
with multifid leaves. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers white, 
with green veins. Every part of the plants has a strong unplea- 
sant scent when bruised. 
1 P. Ha’rmata (Lin. spec. 638.) Y.H. Native of Spain, 
about Madrid, in sandy places, and of the Levant. Lam. ill. t. 
401. Bull. herb. t. 343.—Blackw. t. 310. Root woody. Stem 
herbaceous. Leaves multifid into linear lobes. Flowers stalked. 
Calyxes entire. 
Var. B, crithmif olia (Retz. obs. 2. p. 34.) stem permanent; 
calyxes toothless. h.H. Native of Siberia, at the Caspian sea. 
Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 364. P. crithmifolia, Georg. in herb. Willd. 
Harmala or Syrian-Rue. FI. July, Aug. Cit. 1570. Pl 1 ft. 
Cult. These plants will thrive well in any light sandy soil, 
and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely. They 
will not flower unless they are planted in a warm situation, and 
they will require to be sheltered in severe weather in winter. 
II. RU‘TA (Du Theis observes that this word is not capable 
of explanation, being nearly the same in all the most ancient lan- 
guages; viz. ruz in Runic; rude, rata, ruta, or rutu in Anglo- 
Saxon; rutiza in Sclavonian ; ruta in Italian and Latin; ruda in 
Spanish ; pun in Greek; said to be from pvw, to flow, in allusion 
to some reputed expelling qualities of the plants ; hence rue in 
English and French.) Tourn. inst. t. 133. Lin. gen. no. 523. 
D. C. prod. 1. p. 709. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus, 12. p. 462. 
t. 17. no. 9. 
Li. syst. Octandria, Monogijnia. 
falling off late. Petals 4, unguiculate, arched, for the most part 
Jagged. Stamens 8, the 4 shortest opposite the petals ; filaments 
awl-shaped, smooth ; anthers ovate, blunt at the apex. Ovaries 
4-lobed, seated on a short thick stipe, and surrounded by 8 nec- 
tariferous pores. Styles 4, constantly joined in one, terminated 
by a 4-furrowed stigma. Capsule subglobose, 4-celled, opening 
inwardly at the apex. Seeds angular-reniform, fixed to the 
inner angle of the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo arched, 
with a long radicle.— Perennial herbs or subshrubs, with pinnate 
or decompound, glaucous leaves. Flowers corymbose, greenish- 
yellow. Every part of the plants have astrong disagreeable smell. 
$ 1. Pinnate. D.C. prod. 1. p.710. Leaves truly pinnate ; 
leaflets, especially the lateral ones, are jointed above the petiole. 
Fruit rather fleshy, indehiscent.—Rutéria, Medik. phil. bot. 
Calyx short, 4-parted, 
I. PEGANUM. 
II. Ruta. 
1 R. prnna‘ra (Lin. fil. suppl. 232.) stem arborescent ; leaves 
impari-pinnate, floral ones reduced to the terminal leaflet ; petals 
entire. h.G. Native of the Canary Islands, on rocks. Ker. 
bot. reg. t. 307. Leaflets entire or toothed. 
Pinnate-leaved Rue. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1780. 
6 feet. 
§ 2. Decompésite. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710. 
pound and variously cut. Capsules dehiscent. 
* Petals ciliated. 
2 R. sracteòsa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 710.) leaves supra~decom- 
pound, hardly thrice as long as broad ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, 
somewhat equal; bracteas large, somewhat cordate. R. F. 
Native of Sicily, about Palermo, and of the Island of Melos. R. 
Chalepénsis tenuifòlia, D’Urv. enum. p. 44. 
Large-bracted Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 ft. 
3 R. AnGustIròLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 462.) leaves supra- 
decompound, 4 times longer than broad; leaflets oblong-cuneated, 
almost equal; bracteas small, ovate. h. H. Native of the 
south of France, common among rocks in sunny situations. R. 
Chalepénsis, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 385. R. gravèolens a, Lin. spec. 
548. R.Chalepénsis, var. 3, Lin. mant. 69. Sims, bot. mag. 
t. 2311.—Mor. oxon. sect. 5. t. 35. f. 8. Leaflets narrow, very 
glaucous. 
Narrow-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1722. Shrub 2 ft. 
4 R. MacRoPHY'LLA (Sol. in bot. mag. t. 2018.) leaves pinnate ; 
leaflets oblong, on short stalks, terminal one largest, lower ones 
cut into 3-5 leaflets. h. F. Native of the north of Africa, 
and about Aleppo. R. Chalepénsis, var. a, Lin. mant. 69. 
Long-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1772. ` Shrub 3 feet. 
* * Petals entire or somewhat toothed. 
5 R. monta'na (Clus. hist. 2. p. 136.) leaves supra-decom- 
pound ; leaflets all linear ; petals entire. kh. or %. H. Native 
of the south of Europe and north of Africa, among stones on dry 
hills. R. legítima, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 76. R. sylvestris, 
Mill. dict. no. 3. R. tenuifdlia, Desf. atl. 1. p. 336. This plant 
is corrosive, and has a very strong smell. 
Mountain Rue. F]. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 or 3 ft. 
6 R, Grave‘orens (Lin. spec. 548. exclusive of var. a and p) 
leaves supra-decompound; leaflets oblong, terminal one obovate ; 
petals entire or a little toothed. h. H. Native of the south 
of Europe, in sterile places. Very common in gardens. 
horténsis, Mill. dict. no. 1.—Duh. arb. 2. t. 61. Woodv. med. 
bot. 108. t. 37. Blackw. t. 7.—Plenck. icon. t. 332. The 
bruised leaves excoriate the lips and nostrils, if incautiously 
Shrub 
Leaves decom- 
applied, as they often are, to counteract bad smells ; rue being 
supposed powerfully to counteract contagion. Its interna us 
is unsafe, yet it has been known to be eaten with brea R 
butter in no small quantity, not altogether with impunity. sue 
has a strong ungrateful odour, and a bitter, hot, penetrating 
taste; the leaves are so acrid as to irritate and inflame the skin, 
if they be much handled; it is said to possess these qualities 
more powerfully in an uncultivated state. Its virtues are ae 
tracted both by water and rectified spirit, but more power 
by the latter. On instipating the spiritous tincture, very tt 
of its flavour rises with the menstruum; most of the rie 
parts of the rue being concentrated in the extract. In disti- 
lation with water, an essential oil separates, which is of a yellow 
ish or brownish colour, a moderately acrid taste, and penetrating 
smell; the decoction instipated, yields a moderately warm, pun 
gent, and bitterish extract. The seeds and capsules contain 
more oil than the leaves. From the experiments of Beaume, ` 
appears that the recent herb contains but a very small portion 
essential oil; thus from 21 lbs. of the leaves he scarcely een ’ 
a drachm, while 10 lbs. of the seeds yielded 2 ounces. 
