DIPTEROCARPES. 
Jate pubescence beneath; buds linear, tomentose ; the 2 longest 
segments of the calyx obtuse. h. S. Native of Java. 
Slender-budded Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 
6 D. rurpina‘tus (Roxb. cor FIG 
i ° . 125. 
3. p. 10. t. 213.) leaves ovate-ob- 
long, entire or serrated, smooth SQQY A 
and shining, acute, but rounded at SANIN 
the base; buds conically-lanceo- 
late, downy ; the 2 longest segments 
of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse. 
h. S. Native of Chittagong, 
Tepperah, and Pegu, and the coun- 
tries northward of Bengal. Flow- 
ers white. This tree is famous 
over the eastern parts of India and 
_ the Malay islands, on account of 
its yielding a thin liquid balsam, 
commonly called Wood-oil, which 
is much used for painting ships 
and houses in India. A large notch 
is cut into the trunk of the tree 
near the earth, where a fire is kept until the wound is charred, 
soon after which the liquid begins to ooze out. A small gutter 
is cut in the wood to conduct the fluid into a vessel placed to 
receive it. These operations are performed during the months 
of November, December, January, and February; and should 
any of the trees appear sickly the following season, one or more 
years’ respite is given them. 
Turbinate Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 
7 D. aza‘'rus (Roxb. hort. beng. 42.) leaves ovate-elliptic, - 
tapering to both ends, pubescent on both surfaces as well as the 
branches and petioles ; the 2 large segments of calyx lanceolate 
and obtuse. h.S. Native of Pegu. 
Winged Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 feet. 
F Species only known by name from Roxburgh’s hortus ben- 
galensis, p. 42. and p. 93. 
8 D. costa'tus (Roxb. l. c. p. 42.) h. S. Native of Chit- 
tagong. 
9 D.1nca'nus (Roxb. l. c.) R.S. Native of Chittagong. 
10 D. rusercuLa`rus (Roxb. 1. c. p. 93.) R.S. Native of 
Chittagong. - 
11 D. prrésus (Roxb. l.c. p.93.) R.S. Native of Mascal 
Island. 
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these fine 
trees; and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand 
with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. 
II. SHO'REA (named in honour of the Right Hon. Lord 
Teignmouth, late governor of Bengal). Geert. fruct. 3. p. 48. t. 
186. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 10. t. 212. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, en- 
larging into 5 long wings. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, rather 
silky on the outside. Stamens 25-30, lower half broad and 
membranous. Anthers short. Fruit 1-celled, 3-valved, 1l- 
seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, stalked, obliquely incumbent.—A 
large tree, with panicles of yellow flowers. 
1 S. roBu’sta (Roxb. ].c.) leaves cordate, oblong, entire, smooth, 
on short petioles; calyx pubescent, as well as the branches of the 
panicle. h. S. Native of the skirts of the northern moun- 
tains of India. The wood of this tree is in very general use near 
Bengal for beams, rafters, and various economical purposes ; it 
is of an uniform light-brown colour, close grained, and heavy, 
but at the same time it does not appear to be very durable, and 
on that account greatly inferior to teak, but in strength it cer. 
tainly surpasses it, and deserves to be considered the secon 
I. Dirererocarrvs. 
813 
timber tree of India, as the teak is considered the first. This 
tree yields large quantities of a resin commonly called Dammer 
in India, which is very generally used as a substitute for pitch 
in the marine yard. The best pieces are commonly used in- 
stead of the common incense (Benzoin) in the temples of the 
Hindoos. 
Robust Shorea. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 
2 S. Roxsu’rent; smooth; leaves coriaceous, oval, rather 
emarginate at the point ; calyx smooth, as well as branches of 
panicle. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S. 
robusta in being smooth. 
Roxburgh’s Shorea. 
II. Suorea. III. DryopaLanops. 
Tree 100 feet. 
t Species the names of which are only known from Roxburgh's 
hortus bengalensis. 
3 S. Tumgucca`ia (Roxb.) from Coromandel. 
4 S. Loxcisre'rRMa (Roxb.) from Prince of Wales Island. 
5 S. Tarv`ra (Roxb.) from Ballaghat ? 
Cult. See Dipterocárpus for culture and propagation. 
II. DRYOBA’LANOPS (épvor, dryon, a forest, and Badavoc, 
from Baddrw, ballo, to let grow, incense; the resin is used as 
incense). Geert. fruct.—Coleb. in asiat. res. 12. p. 535. with a 
figure. 
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, all the 
segments growing into broad reflexed wings. Petals 5, convo- 
lute in the bud. Anthers? Fruit 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
Cotyledons fleshy, contortuplicate.—A large tree, with panicles 
of yellow flowers, and elliptic, obtusely acuminated, entire, coria- 
ceous, shining leaves, lower ones opposite, on short stalks. Sti- 
pulas awl-shaped. 
1 D. Ca’mpnora (Colebr. in asiat. res. l.c.) h.S. Native 
of Sumatra and Borneo. | D. aromàtica, Gert. Shorea camphori- 
fera, Roxb. Camphor is extracted from the Latirus Cémphora, 
with the aid of heat, but the natural camphor, in substance and 
of the greatest value, is furnished by this tree. Some of the 
trees are 6 or 7 feet in diameter, but it will produce camphor at 
a much earlier period, when the tree does not exceed 2 or 24 
feet in diameter. The same tree which yields oil would have 
produced camphor if unmolested, the former being supposed to 
be the first stage of the latter forming, and is consequently 
found in younger trees. The natives have no certain means of 
ascertaining the tree which produces either the one or the other, 
although there are some men, styled Toongoo Nyr Cappoor, who 
pretend to that knowledge, but they cannot give any reason for 
their judgment, beyond favourable dreams which superstition 
has rendered infallible; but it must be admitted that this descrip- 
tion of people succeed better than others who go in search of 
camphor. Both oil and camphor are found in the heart of the 
tree, occupying a vacuum, which inothers is frequently filled with 
pitch; but it does not extend to the whole length, on the con- 
trary they are found in small portions of a foot and a foot and a 
half long at certain distances. The method of extracting the 
oil is merely by making a deep incision with a Malay axe in the 
tree about 18 inches from the ground till near the heart, where 
a deeper incision is made, with a small aperture, and the oil, if 
any, in the tree gushes out, and is received in bamboos or any 
other utensil ; in this manner a party proceeds through the woods 
wounding the camphor trees, till they attain their object. The 
camphor is pretty nearly obtained in the same way. The trees 
are cut to the heart about the same height from the ground, as 
in the former instance, till the camphor is seen ; hundreds may 
be thus mutilated before the sought for tree is discovered. 
When attained, it is felled, and cut into junks of a fathom long, 
which are again split, and the camphor is found in the heart, 
occupying a space in circumference of the thickness of a man’s 
