814 DIPTEROCARPEZ. III. Dryoparanors. 
arm. The produce of a middle-sized tree is about 11 pounds, 
and of a large one double that quantity. The camphor thus 
found is called Se Tantong. It is often the case that the trees 
which have been thus cut, and left standing in that state, in 7 or 
8 years after will again produce camphor, which is distin- 
guished by the name of Oogar, but is inferior in appear- 
ance to the first, though of the same quality. The sorts of 
camphor called belly and foot are the scrapings of the wood 
which surrounds it. The camphor obtained from this tree 
is much more pure than that obtained from any other plant. 
Camphor is also obtained from the roots of the Cinnamon, A lpi- 
nia, Galdnga, Amomum Zedoaria, and several other plants ; 
but as the Laúrus Camphora furnishes nearly all the camphor 
of the shops, we shall give the qualities and uses of camphor 
more particularly under that head. 
Sumatra Camphor-tree. Tree 100 feet. 
Cult. See Dipterocarpus for culture and propagation. 
__ IV. HOPEA (in honour of John Hope, M.D. once pro- 
fessor of botany at Edinburgh, who died in 1786; he was one 
of the earliest lecturers on vegetable physiology, as well as a 
profound practical botanist). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 9. t. 210. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 of 
which are extended into wings. Corolla 5-cleft, convolute in 
gestivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla, 
alternate ones bearing each 2 anthers. Anthers short. Fruit 
of a tender texture, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—A large tree, with ter- 
minal panicles of small, fragrant, yellow flowers. 
1 H. opora’ta (Roxb. l.c.) kh.S. Native of Chittagong. 
Leaves on short stalks, ovate-oblong, shining, bifarious, waved, 
smooth, of a deep green. Flowers secund along the ramifica- 
tions of the panicle. 
Smeet-scented Hopea, Tree 80 feet. 
+ Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. 
and 93. 
2 H. Sca’pnuta (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) h. S. Native of 
Mascal Island. 
3 H. rcranputésa (Roxb. l. c. p. 42.) 
Tipperah. 
Cult. 
h. S. Native of 
See Dipterocárpus for propagation and cultivation. 
V. VATERIA (in honour of Abraham Vater, once profes- 
sor of medicine at Wirtemberg, author of some botanical disser- 
tations on the balsam of Mecca; he died in 1751). Lin. gen. 
269. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 86. t. 288. 
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft; segments 
at length reflexed. Petals 5, oval, emarginate, twisted in the 
bud. Stamens 40-50, short, inserted between the petals and 
the base of the germ. Anthers long, linear. Capsule 3-valved, 
1-celled, and 1-seeded. Cotyledons stalked.—Large trees, with 
entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, and terminal panicles of white 
flowers. Anthers yellow. 
1 V. V’ypica (Lin. spec. 734. Roxb. cor. l. c.) leaves oblong; 
flowers rather remote on the ramifications of the panicle; stipu- 
las oblong. h.S. Native of Malabar. Elæocárpus copalli- 
ferus, Retz, obs. fasc. 4. p. 27.—Rheed. mal. 4. p. 33. t. 15. 
In the Bidinose country this tree is called Dammer-tree. When 
wounded it discharges a clear, pellucid, fragrant resin, acrid and 
bitter to the taste, at length becoming yellow and brittle like 
glass. This, according to Konig, is one kind of copal. Persons 
experienced in the use of this gum, so useful for varnishing 
anatomical preparations, know that there are several different 
things imported under the same name, which are not all equally 
soluble even in oil of lavender. The true gum copal is not 
from this tree, but it generally goes under that name in India; 
IV. Horea. 
V. Vateria. VI. Lorna. OCHNACE. 
the best specimens of the gum are employed as ornaments un- 
der the name of amber (Kahroba), to which it bears exterior re- 
semblance. In its recent and fluid state it is used as a varnish 
in the south of India, and dissolved by heat in closed vessels it 
is employed for the same purpose in other parts of India. 
Indian Copal-tree. Tree 80 feet. 
2 V. LANCEÆFÒLIA (Colebr. asiat. res. 12. p. 538.) leaves lan- 
ceolate. h. S. Native of the East Indies. This tree affords 
a resin, from which, as from other resins, the Indians prepare 
one of the materials of their religious oblations. 
Lance-leaved Copal-tree. Tree 60 feet. 
‘Cult. See Dipterocérpus for cultivation and propagation. 
§ 2. Lophire. Radicle inferior. 
VI. LOPHERA (from Aogoc, lophos, a crest; in allusion to 
one of the sepals being extended out into a ligulate wing or 
crest). Geert. fruct. 3. p. 52 and 53. t. 188. Pers. ench. 2. 
. 80. 
P Lix. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 of 
which are very small, one very large, and ligulate with the one 
opposite it, 3 times smaller than it. Corolla of 5 petals. Sta- 
mens numerous. Anthers short? Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, in- 
dehiscent, fleshy, soft.—Shrubs and trees, with long leathery 
pale-green leaves, resembling those of Theophrásta, with ter- 
minal and axillary short.racemes of white flowers. , 
1 L. Arrica`na (Geert. l. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, emargi- 
nate. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone, very common in dry - 
places near Freetown, where it is called Scurby or Scruby oak. 
A small branching tree. 
- . African Scruby-oak. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 15 ft. 
2 L. si‘mptex ; leaves long, lanceolate, obtuse at the apex. 
h.S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. This tree 
grows with a tall, straight, slender trunk, without branches, but 
with a tuft of leaves at the apex. 
Simple-stemmed Scruby-oak. Tree 30 feet. 
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit these fine trees. 
The species have got tap roots, therefore they should be planted 
in as deep pots as possible, in order to give room to the roots 
to descend, or they will not live ; at the same time they require 
to be kept rather dry. Ripe cuttings will probably root in 
sand under a hand-glass, in heat. 
Cohort IV. Fruit gynabasic, inserted in a fleshy receptacle, 
with which the style is continuous. 
Orper LXII. OCHNA'CEZ (plants agreeing with O’chna 
in important characters). D.C. ann. mus. 17. p. 398. rec. 
mem. 1813. no. 5. D.C. prod. 1. p. 735. 
Calyx of 5 sepals, which are hardly connected at the base, 
permanent (f. 126. b.), imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypo- 
gynous (f. 126. d.), caducous alternating with the sepals, rarely 
10, spreading, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with 
the petals, or 10, or indefinite (f. 126. c.), inserted in the hypo- 
gynous disk, usually permanent; anthers bilocular, inserted by 
the base. Ovaries equal in number to the petals. Style 1, fili- 
form, permanent, widened at base, bearing the ovaries on the sub- 
globose fleshy disk (f. 126. e.) called a gynobase. Carpels 1- 
seeded, indehiscent, inserted round the base of the style in a 
whorl (f. 126. b.), somewhat drupaceous. Seeds without albu- - 
men. Embryo straight, with a short radicle, and 2 thick co- 
tyledons.—Tropical smooth trees and shrubs abounding in a 
watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, OF 
toothed, with 2 caducous stipulas at the base of each. Flowers 
