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ROOT, kadix, is that part of a plantj by j firft order (a) is called rays, the fecond (^) Pedicles,- 



which it naturally receives its nourifliment. j That umbel which confifts of one pedicle only is called 



There are feveral forts of thefe, as a fimple umbel. See fig. 15. plate i. That which 



A fibrous Root, Radix fibrofa^ is that which 1 is compofed both of rays and pedicles, is called a 



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confifts only of fibres. See plate i. figi 3. 

 A tuberous Root, Radix tuberofa^ is that which confifts 

 of an uniform fleftiy fubftance, and is of a roundifti. 



See plate i. fig. i, 2. where it is cut ho- 



figure. 



rizontally through the middle.. 

 A bulbous Root, Radix bulbofa^ is that which confifts 

 of feveral coats involving one another, as is Ihewn 

 plate 



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4, 5. or of feveral fcales lying over 

 one another, as in plate i. fig. 6. The firft of thefe 

 is called a tunicated Root, the laft a fquamous Root. 

 A granulous Root, Radix granuhfa^ is a kind of gru- 

 mous root, with fmall knobs refembling fo many 



grains of Corn. 



See plate 



T. fig. 7 



A tefticulated Root, Radix tefiiculata^ is a double tuber- 

 ous root, confiftingof two fleftiy knobs refembling a 

 pair of tefticles. See plate i. fig. 8. 



An afphodel Root, Radix afphodeli^ is a kind of gru- 

 mous root, whofe fleftiy fibres fwell into large knobs 

 toward the bottom, refembling the dugs of animals. 

 See plate 



compound umbel, as fig. 13. 

 A Corymbus diflTers from an umbel, in that the rays or 

 ^ pedicles are difpofed in fuch a manner, as to form a 

 ' fphere* See plate i. fig. 14.;., 



A twining ftalk, caulis volubilis^ is one which twifts about 

 any prop or tree without the help of tendrils; 



A climbing Stalk, Caulis fcandens, is that which faftens 

 itfelf to any prop or neighbouring fupport by the help 

 of tendrils. 



A creeping Stalk, Caulis repens^ is that which lies on th«r 



ground, and propagates itfelf by emitting roots at the 



joints 



ftaik 



I. 



fior. 9 



A grunious root. Radix grumofa^ is one which is com- 

 pofed of feveral fleftiy knobs ending in fibres. See 

 plate I. fig. 10. . •; "■ 



A Stalk, CauliSy is a part of a plant, receiving the 

 nourifliment from the root, and diftributing it into 

 the other parts with which it is cloathed, not having 

 one fide diftinguiftiablefrom the other. The ftalk of 

 a tree is called the trunk or ftem, i. e. Caudex. 



A Branch, RamuSj is the divifion of a ftalk* In trees 

 it is generally called a bough. 



that which lies on the ground unlefs it is fupported, 

 but <3oes not emit roots. 

 A Tendril, Capreolus or Clavicula^ iS apartof alialk, or 

 rather a branch from the fide of a ftalk, placed oppo- 

 fite to the leaf, which curls and lays hold on any adja- 

 cent body, and thereby fupports the ftalk, as ia the 

 Vine, &c« 



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A Fruit, FruSus^ is that part of a plant which contains 

 the feed with its covering. Of this there are many 

 -. different forms, v - , . ,/ - , 



A Cone, Coms^ is a dry feed-vefl^el, confiftnng of feve- 

 ral ligneous parts, adhering clofely together, and fe- 



. parating when ripe. Of this there are feveral forts 

 which differ in their form and texture, as in plate 2. 



^ fig. i. is a cone of the PineafteV, whofe ligneous fcales 



' end in ftiarp protuberances, which open by th^ warmth 

 of the fun in the fpring, and eafily emit the feeds. 



A Pedicle, Pediculus, is that part of a ftalk, which im- - Fig. 2. plate 2. ftiews the cone of the Cedar ofLiba 



mediately fuftains a leaf, a flower, or a fruit. Dr. j nus, whofe fcales are fmooth, lying-clofe over each 



Linnaeus has diftinguiftied thefe. Thofe which fuf- other, and drop off", leaving the middle column on the 



tain the leaves he calls Petiolus, and thofe which fuf- branches. Fig. 2: plate 2. exhibits a cone of the Fir 



tain the fruit, Pedunculus. 



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A Spike, Spica^ is a part of a ftalk thick fet with flowers 

 or fruits, in fuch a manner as to form an acute cone. 



See plate 



I. 



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12. 



4 

 I. 



A Thyrfe, fee ThyrfuSy difil^rs from a fpike in that the 

 flov/ers or fruits are fet more loofely on it, fo that there 

 are fpaces vifible between them. 



A Panicle, Panicula^ is a ftalk difflifed into feveral pe- 

 dicles fuftaining the flowers or fruits. See Plate i. 

 fig. II. 



An Umbel, Umbellay is the extremity of a ftalk or 

 branch, divided into feveral pedicles or rays, begin- 

 ning from the fame point, and opening in fuch a man- 

 ner as to form an inverted cone. See plate i. fig. 13, 

 When the pedicles (^), into which the ftalk is di- 

 vided, are Subdivided into others of the fame form, 



upon v/hich the flowers or fruits are difpofed {by The 



-/tree, whofe fcales are fmooth, and the form oblong, 

 ■Fig. 4, 5. "plate 2. ftiews the cone of the Cyprefs, 



..which is of an irregular fpherical form, and the fcales 

 feparate, emitting the feeds from between them. Fig. 

 6. plate 2.reprefents the cone of the Pine-tree, whofe 

 fcales terminate in blunt protuberances. 



Dry Seed-veflTels, according to the number of cells into 

 which they are divided, are called Unicapfulaf, Bi- 



* capfular, Quinquecapfular, &c. Seeplate 2. fig. 8, 9. 



An Apple, Pomum^ is generally underftood to be a fleftiy 

 fruit inclofing feveral hard feeds in the center ^ but ic 

 is very difficult to know what the ancients meant by 

 the title Pomum, for this title is frequently ufed in 

 their writings to exprefs things of different forms, 

 therefore this epithet ftiould be only applied to thofe 

 fruits which are umbilicated, and contain many feeds. 



See fig. II, 12, plate 2. 



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