: * 



• I 



f 

 I 



, / 



i B 



t ^ 



, > 



- 



An Explanation of the Technical Terms of B 



' ^ . * 



Acini is by fome fuppofed to be the berries of Grapes 

 and Currants, but is ufed in a more extenfive fenfe 

 by moil of the writers on botany, who ftile the imall 

 protuberances of Mulberries, Strawberries, &c. fig. 



7. plate 2. Acini. 

 A ClullcT, Racemiis^ is a (lalk divided or branched into 



fcveral pedicles, luftaining the flowers or fruits thick 



fct together in an oblong form. See fig. 12. plate 2. 



■The firftof thcfe conditions diftinguilhes it from a 



fpike, the laft from a panicle. .' '' 



A Pod, Siliqua, is a long membranaceous feed-vefTel, 



either flat or round, containing one or two rows of 

 ^ feeds. See fig. 13, 14. plate 2. Some of thefe are 



jointed, each of the fwellii>gs containing one feed, as 



is (hewn, fig. 15. plate 2. ''-\-\- 



The Seeds of Corn and Grafs are called Grains, Gr^w^. 

 ■ The leaf which covers the grain is called Chaff, Glumay 



irijla.. J" is a fmall 

 The chaff which 



-% 



A regular fiolypetalous flower, is when the petals arc 

 equal in fize, and agree in pofition, as in fig. 3. plate 3. 



An irrecrular polypetalous flower is when the petals do 

 not agree together in figure and pofition. See fig. 9, 



10. plate 3. 

 A labiated, or Lip-flower^ Flos lahiatus^ is an irregu- 

 lar monopetalous flower, divided ufually into two 

 lips, as in fig.* 6. plate 3. The upper lip a, is called 

 the Crcfl:, Galeae and, the under one b^ the Beard, 



Bnrba. 



Sometimes the crefl: is wanting, as in fig. 4. 



fig. 16. plate 2. a The Beard, 

 needle proceeding from the chaff, 

 has no beard is called naked. 



* -v 



A Plum, Prunum, is a flefliy veffel inclofing a hard 

 brittle Ihell, in which is one or two feeds. 



A "Nut, Nu;)C. isa feed covered with a hard, dry, brittle 

 ihell. • : . ■■ ' 



» > I • 



I .. ^ 



. * 



A- Flower; Flos, is the organs of generation of both 

 fexes, adhering to a common placenta, together with 

 their common coverings, or of either fex feparately, 

 "with its proper coverings, if it have any. ^j • ' ■ : ,.' 



Flowers are either male, female, or hernaaphrodite. 

 The male flowers have ftamina and fummits, but have 

 no ovary or {lyle. Female flowers' have an^ovary and 

 flyle, but have no fl:amina or fummits. Hermaphro- 



• dite flowers have both organs of generation. 

 The Ovary, Ovarium^ or Germen, according to Linnaeus, 



is the rudiment of the fruit. See a, fig. 13. plate 3. 

 . - ahd fo is properly the female organ of generation. ■ 



The Style, Stylus^ is a body accompanying the ovary, 



" ^ either arifing from the top of it. See b fig. 13. plate 



Vg.' or fl:andin| as an axis in the middle with the em- 



: bryos of the feeds round it, fig. 12. plate 3.^ and c 



istheftigma. ../ ■:;.": . 



The Empalement, Calyicy \% generally uriderftood to 



• mean, thofe lefs tender leaves, which cover the other 



• parts of the flower. See fig. 11. a, plate 3. Thefe, 

 ■ according to Mr. Ray, are of an herbaceous colour,; 



.. The ?ctd\s, Petala, are thofe tender fine-coloured 



-'w 



' leaves, which are the moft confpicuous parts of a 

 flower;-" Seefig. II. ^, plate 3. ■;• v ; v j 



The' Stamina or Filaments, according to Linri^us, 

 which fome call Chives, are thofe flender threads whic]i 



■ generally furround theilyle. See c, fig. 11. plate 3. 



The Summits, or Apices, which Linnaeus calls Anthera, 

 are thofe bodies which contain the farina foecundans, 

 "or prolific powder, analagous to the male fperm in 

 animals ; thefe generally terminate the fummits, See 



di fig. 



II. 



plate 2. 



■*r 



' h 



- *- 



^-*. 



Flowers, according to the number of their petals, are 

 -^- called monopetalous^ ' dipetalous, tripetalous, tetra- 



■petaloUS, &C. ■..'^"'! ' / f:;: '■ .AA-^ 



A regular monopetalous flower is that in which the pe- 



- tal is not at all divided. See fig. i. plate 3. or if di- 

 vided, the fegments are equal, as in fig. 2. plate 3, 



An irregular monopetalous flower, is that in which the 

 parts of the petal are uheqUal, as in fig. 3. plat6 3. 

 thefe Dr. Linnasus calls ringent flowers.-:. Mr. Ray, 

 Tournefort, and others, call all thofe hionopetalous 

 fiov/ers, whofe petals are connefted at their bafe, and 

 fall off without feparating; but Dr. Linnaeus calls 

 them tetrapetalous or pentapetalous, when the^petal 



' is divided into To many parts near the bottom. ;A n/- 



plate 3. and then the fl:yle and flamina fupply its 

 place..' This is by fome called an unilabiated flower. 

 A papilionaceous Flower, Flospapilionaceus, in fome mea- 

 fure refeinbles a butterfly with its wings extended. 

 See fig. 5, 7. plate 3. It always confifl:s of ^thefe four 

 parts : the ft:andard, Vexillum^ a-, which is a large feg- 

 ment or petal •, the two Wings, Ah, b, v^hich compofe 



the fides ; and the Keel, Carina, c, which is a concave 

 petal or fegment, refembling the lower part of a boat ; 

 the keel is fometimes of one petal or fegment and en- 

 tire; fometimes it confifl:s of two petals or fegments 

 adhering pretty clofely together. / ' 



A Floret, Flofculos, is a little tube expanded at the top, 

 ..ufually into five fegments. See fig. 17, 20. plate 3. 

 and fitting upon the embryo of a fingle feed a \ from 

 ■[the inner part of the floret arife five Itamina b, which 

 uniting together form a flieath c ; from the embryo of 

 ; the feed a, arifes a fl:yle d, which paflTes through the 

 • (heath r, to which it is connected, and is terminated 

 . by a bifid fl:igma which is generally reflexed, e, Thefe 



are hermaphrodite. 

 A Semifloret, Semifiofculus^ is tubulous at the bafe, and 

 c afterwards expandedin form of a tongue. See fig. 18. 

 plate 3. Thefe generally form the rays of compound 

 flowers, and are female. , , , . 



A compound Flower, Flos compfitus^ is that which is 

 compofed either of florets, fig. 19. plate 3. or femi- 

 florets, fig. 15. plate 3. or both together, fig. i5. 

 and fig. 20. ■ \ - . 



A Piflc, Difcus, is an aggregate of florets forming, as it 

 were, a plain furface, as in fig. 19. plate 3. Such 

 flowers are called difcous flowers. 

 A Ray, Radius, is fevcral femiflorets fet round a difk. 

 See fig. 16. a, plate 3. in form of a radiant fl:ar. Such 

 flowers are called radiated difcous flowers -, thofe 

 which have no fuch ray, are called naked difcous, as 

 ^ fig. 19. plates. • ; \ ■• 



A headed flower, Flos capitaius^ is that which is com- 

 pofed of florets and femiflorets collected into a round- 

 ifh head, and are all inclofed in one common fcaly 

 empalement, as in fig. 14. plate 3. ^ 

 A whorled Flower, Flos verticillatus, is when the flowers 

 are coUefted in whorls round the ftalksat the bafe of 

 the leaves, as in fig. 20. plates. ' .: 

 A Mofs Flower, which rifeson a (lender foot-fl:alk from 

 the plant, fig. 27, plate 3. with the head {ovCapitu- 

 km), fig. 28. and the cover (or Calyptra) which opens 

 and falls off when the feeds are ripe. ^ 

 A Cone cut through the middle longitudinally to repre- 

 ^. fent how the feeds are lodged between the fcales. See 



fig- 



22. 



plate 3. 



Fig. 24. plate 3. fhews the parts of a flower, a is, the 

 empalement, b the germen, c the llyle, dxht ftigma. 



/ 



Fig. 2t. plate ;?. (hews a flower with feveral neftari- 



ums which fit clofe to the germen a, - 

 Fig. 25. a fhews a germen, b a fl:yle, and c a ftigma. 

 Fig. 26. fhews a grain of farina foecundans magnified. 



U t iv ,$ 



'■» 



v.- 



-SI 



' ' 



• I 



\ . 



I h 





- -■ ' 



v% 



'• • 



- . * ' 



« I 



4 



I '\ r- 







* ' 



^ L 





\ -' 



« 4 



.' t 



■ ■■ 





v; 



- # t . ' 



* <-'. 



ft.i 



c t,-' 



' ■ \ 



■ 1 



I 



J. 



/" ' 





.> 



\ 



• ■ 





- 1 



■ ' »- 



■' - ' * 



* I 



4 . 



•f ■. 



— - 



I 



■ * » 'f - !■ . 



I * 



' A t 





r . • 



• 1 



"j '■ 



PLATE 



