ANA 



■,'\vklv the fiinna fcccundans, v/Iiich, when ripe, is 

 icaftcrcd into thole flowers which are female, and con- 

 liit only of th.e ovarium, with tlie ftylc and ftigma, 

 / which arc furrounded with the petals. Other flowers 

 there are, which have both fexes contained in the 

 ianie flov/er -, thefe are called hermaphrodite flowers. 

 A fruit, Kxprrk, is not that part of a plant which is 

 eatable, but rather the feeds, with their covering, 

 Ihould be called the fruit. , This covering cherifhes 

 the feeds until they come to maturity, and defends them 



. from the injuries of the weather, as tliat they are not 

 hurt thereby-, and alfo prepares the juices defigned 

 for their nouriflimcnt, that it may with cafe enter their 

 fmall bodies in a jufl proportion. 

 The motion of the nutritious juices of plants is pro- 

 duced much like that of the blood in animals, by the 

 action of the air ; and, in effedt, there feems to be 



AN 



It is further prepared in tiie trunk and branches 

 though It continue acid ftill ; as is perceived by the 

 tapping or perforating of a tree in the month of Fe- 

 bruary, when it dillUs a watry juice that is fenfibly 

 acid. ' , •' 



"1 



The juice being carried hence to the germs, or buds 

 IS more connec1:ed ; and when it has here unfolded tlid 

 leaves, thele come to ferve as lungs for the circul- 

 tion and further preparation of die juice j for wh4 

 thofe tender leaves are expofed to the alternate aftion 

 of heat and cold, moiil nights, and hot fcorchin^ 

 days, they are expanded and contrafted alternately • 

 and the more, by reafon of their net-like texture. ' 

 By f-ich means, the juice is farther altered and di- 

 gefced, as it is farther yet in the pctala, or leaves of 



fomething equivalent to relpiration throughout the the flowers, which tranfmit the juice now brouc^ht to 



whole plant. , ,' , ^ f^f^'^er /""btiky to the ftamina ; the ftamina'com- 



Malpigiiius was the hrit who obferved, that ve -. - . 



blcs confifted of two feries, or orders, of vefiels. 



. Thole wliicli have been treated of before, which 

 receive and convey the alimental juices, and which an- 

 fwer to the arteries, lafteal veffels, veins, &c. of ani- 

 mals -, and, ' ; 



2. The trachea, or air-veflels, which are long hol- 

 low pipes, in which the air is continually received and I The Characters are' 



municate it to the farina, or that duft which appears 

 on the apices, where it undergoes a further matura- 

 tion, and flieds into the piftil j and there acquiring its 

 lall perfection, it becomes the original of a new fruit 

 ^or plant. 



ANCHUSA. Lin. Gen. 167. Bugloflum. Tourn. 

 Inft, R. H. 133. tab. 5^. 



expelled, i. e, inipired and expired, within which tra- 

 cheae all the former vefl^els are contained. 

 Hence it foUov/s, that the heat of the year, nay, of 

 , a fmgle day, hour, or minute, mufl have an effedt 

 on the air included in thefe tracheae, 1. e. it muft ra- 

 refy it, and, of confequence, dilate the trachea ; 

 and hence alfo a perpetual fpring or fource of ac- 

 tion mufl: arife, to promote the motion of the fap in 

 plants. • ■ ■ 



For when the trache^^ are expanded, the veflels which 

 contain the juices, are, by that expanfion, prelTed ; 

 ■ and, by thiat means, the juice contained is continu- 

 ally propelled and accelerated ; and, by this ;fropul-* 

 fion, the juice is continually comminuted, and ren- 

 dered more and more fubtii, and adapted to enter 

 into vcffels ftill finer and finer ; the thickeft part of it 

 being at the iame time fecrcted, and depofited into 

 the lateral cells, or loculi of t!ie bark, to defend the 

 plant from cold, and other external injuries. 

 Theveirels, or containing parts of plants, confifl: of 

 mere earth, bound or connected together by oil, as a 

 gluten, or glue -, which being exhaufl;ed by fire, air, 

 age, or the like, the plant moulders, or returns again 

 into its earth or duft. 



■ 



Thus vegetables being burnt by the mofl intenfe 

 fire, the matter of the vefiels is left entire and indif- 

 folublc, notwithftanding its utmoft force; and, of 

 confequence, is neither water, nor air, nor fait, nor 

 fulphur, but earth alone. 



Juice is a liquid fubftance, which makes part of the 

 compofition of plants, and communicates itfelf to all 

 the other parts, and ferves to feed and increafe them > 

 and is that to plants that blood is to animals. Thefe 

 juices are of divers forts ; aqueous, grumous, bitu- 

 iFxinous, oleaginous, refinous, vinous ; of all talles 

 and colours. .. ■ ■ 



1 



This juice or fip of plants, is a humour furniflied by 

 the earth, and clianged in the plant ; it confifts of 

 fomefoinl, or other parts, which are derived from 

 the air or rain ; and otiiers, from putrefied animals, 

 plants, &c. fo that, confequently, in vegetables are 

 contained all Jdnds of falts, oil, water, earth, and, 

 probably, all kinds of metals too, inafmuch as the 

 aflies of vegetables always yield fomewhat which is 

 attrafted by the load-ftone. ' . • 



The juice enters plants in the form of a fine fubtii 

 water, v/hich by how mucli the nearer it is to the root, 

 fo much the more it retains of its proper nature ; and 

 the farther it is from the root, the more aftion it has 

 undergone, and approaches the nearer to the' nature 



of the vegetable ; aind, of confennenrp. whpn th^ 



"The empalement is oblong, temper, and permanpit, cut into 



Jive acute ft 



leaf^ having a cylindrical tube the length of 



T^he fiovjer is of 



ment 



five upright feg. 



which fpread open, 'but the chaps are do fed, and havefi 



fcaks 



of the fl. 



five fhort ft. 



I. 



fummits. In the bottom of the fiovuer are fituated four 

 germen, having a fiender ftylc, crowned with an obtufe 



ftigma. "The germen afterward becomes four oblong blunt 

 feeds fhut up in the empalement. 



Dr. Linnaeus ranges this genus of plants in the firft 

 feftion of his fifth clafs of plants, entitled Pentaij- 



dna Monogynia, the flowers having five ftamina and 

 afingleftyle. . ': . :. ' 



. The Species are, ' 



Anchusa {Officinalis) foliis lanceolatis fpicis imbri- 

 catis fecundis. Hort. CM 46. Alkanet with fpear^ 

 ftjaped leaves, and fruitful imbricated fp 

 Garden E ' ' 



iglof 



C. B. P. 256. 



BlugofTum anguftifolium majus 



\ 



3 



4 



Anchusa {Angujlifoli a) racemis fubnudis cbnjugatis. 

 Prod. Leyd. 408. ■ Alkanei with conjugated half naked 



fpikes. Borago fylveftris'perennis flore rufo kerme- 

 fino. Zan. Hift. 49. • ■ . 



Anchusa {Undulata) ftrigofa foliis linearibus dentatis 

 pedicellis braftea minoribus calycibus fruftiferis in- 

 fiatis. Lasfl. Lin. Sp. Plant. 133. Alkanet -with nan oisi 

 indented leaves, frilall foot-ftalks to the branches, and a 

 fwelUng empalement over the feeds. : Buglofllim Lufita- 

 nicum echii folio undulato. Tourn. Inft. 134. 



Anchusa {Orientalis) villofa-tomentofa, ramis flori- 

 bufque alternis axillaribus, brafteis ovatis. Lin. Sp. 

 1 9 1. ' Jlkanct ivith branches and flozvers growing alter- 

 nately f cm. the wings of the fialks, and oval bra5lea. or 



foral leaves. Bugloflum Orientale flore luteo. Tourn. 

 Cor. 6. ' 



5 



fncoth ftalk 



flowers growing 

 Anchufa minor lutea Vir- 



giniana Puccoon indigens difta qua fe pingunt Ame- 

 ricani. Pluk. Aim. 30. Q " 



ginia, Puccoon. 



6. A}<cnusA {Sempervirens) pedunculis diphyllis capita- 



^f 



h foot-Jlalk 



tis. ^. _„ ^^. _ 



ing two leaves. Bugloffum latifolium ferpervirens, 



C. B. P. . . 



juice enters the root, the bark of which is furniflied „_ . .,.._ ,.._. ^,..,^,,„.,, ^ 

 with excretory veflels, fitted to. difcharge the cxcre- .perlatum quibufdam. H. R. Par. 



7. Anchusa (Cretica) foliis lanceolatis verrucofis femi- 

 amplexicaulibus, flpribus capitatis, caule 



ftalk half round, fit 



procum- 



d fpear-ftjaped leaves oyi- 



'r ailing ftalk. Bugloffum Cretlcum vcrrucofum 



» ■ 



O 



8. Anchusa 



\ 



