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The Characters are, 

 'The empalemenl of the flower is fcdy^ eachfcak ending in a 

 Icvg thorn which is reflexed at the point. The flower is 

 compofed of many florets^ which are tuhdous^ uniform^ 

 aijd of one leaf The tube is long midfiender^ cut into 

 fi-je narrow fegments at the top : thefe have each five fhort 

 flcndcr ftaminaj which are crowned by cylindrical fummits. 

 The gernisn isfltuated at the bottom of the tiihe, having 

 a hairy tip^ fupporting a long flender ftyle^ crowned by 

 a bifid refiet<ed ftigma •, the germen afte^'ward becomes a 

 fingle^ pyramidal^ angular feed^ crowned with down. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 

 Linnieus's feventeenth clafs, entitled Syngenefia Po- 

 lygamia Squalls, there being an equal number of fe- 

 male and hermaphrodite flowers included in one com- 

 mon empalement. ■ ' 



I'he Sp£cies are, 



1. Arctium {Lappa) foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis 

 capitulis majoribus fparfis. Burdock with heart-fhaped 

 leaves without prickles^ having foot-fialksy and large 

 heads growing fcatteringly. . ., 



2. Arctium {Perfonata) foliis cordatis inermibus, capi- 

 tulis minoribus compaftis. Burdock with heart-fhaped 

 leaves without fpines^ and fmall heads growing clofe to- 

 gether. ,■ " ' . 



^. Arctium {Tomentofis) foliis cordatis inermibus, ca- 

 pitiJis tomento-reticulatis. Burdock with heart-fhaped 

 ledX^es without fpinesy and woolly netted leaves. * 

 The two firil forts are common weeds, growing on 

 the fides of roads and foot-paths in moft parts of 

 England, and are not admitted into gardens. ^The 

 firft is ordered for medicinal ufe by the college of 

 phyficians, therefore I have inferted it here: the fe- 

 cond is by many fuppofed to be only a variety of the 

 firft, but I have for feveral years fown the feeds of 

 botli forts in the Chelfea garden, where they have con- 

 ftantly retained their difference, fo may be allowed 

 to be diftinft fpecies. The firft is titled by Cafpar 

 Bauhin,'Lappa major, five Arftium Diofcorides. Pin. 

 192. Greater Burdock^ or Arctium of Diofcorides, The 

 fecond is titled by Vaillant, Lappa vulgaris capitulo 

 minore. A£t. Par. 1718. Common Burdock with a fmall 



bead, ' ; "\ ■ • -. > . *' ' ' '"' 



I'he third fort is not a native of England, but grows 

 naturally on the Apennine mountains. The leaves 

 of this are like thofe of the common fort, but are 

 whiter on their under fide \ the heads are more com- 

 padl, and the florets are of a bright red colour ; but the 

 greateft difference is in their empalements, which .in 

 this fort are beautifully netted with a fine down all over. 

 This is alfo fuppofed to be only a variety of the com- 

 mon fort, but I have cultivated it above forty years, 

 during which time it has, never varied, fo that it is cer- 

 tainly a diftinft fpecies. This is by Cafpar Bauhin 

 ticltrd. Lappa major montana capitulis tomentofis. Pin. 

 198. Greater Mountain Burdock with woolly heads ^' 

 As thefe plants are feldom admitted into gardens, it 

 is needlefs to fay any thing of their culture; but 

 where they are troublefome weeds, it may not be 

 amifs to mention, that their roots laft but two years, 

 fo rnay be deftroyed with lefs trouble than fuch as 

 have perennial roots \ for if they are cvit vip before 

 they leed, in two or three years they may be entirely 

 rooted out ; for the plants which come up from feed, 

 do not flower till the fecond year, and when the feeds 

 are perfected their roots decay. , 

 A R C 1' O T I S. This hath been uflially known un- 

 der the title of Anemonofpermos, from the refem* 

 blance the feeds of thefe plants have to that of the A- 

 nemone. - 



.The Characters are. 

 The common empalement is roundifJo and fcaly^ thofe on the 

 lower part are looje and awl~fioapedy the middle oval^ and 

 thofe on the top concave. The flower is compofed of many 

 female florets which . are ranged on the border ; thefe have 

 me fide flretched out like a tongue^ which are called the 

 rays^ having an oval four-cornered germen fiituated in their 

 center^ crowned with down^ fupporting a flender ftyle^ 

 crowned by two oval ftigma ; the grrmen afterward be- 

 comes afingle rcundijh fccd^ covered ivilh a foft down. 



" The 'middle or dijl' of the flower is 'compofed of hermaphro- 

 dite florets, which are funnel-fljciped^ and divided at th: 

 top into five parts ^ which are reflexed ; thefe havefi.vefla- 

 mina^ crowned by fljort fummits \ in the center is placed 

 a fmall germen,, fupporting a cylindrical ftyle with afingle 

 fligma, Thefe flowers are abortive. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth fecbion 

 of Linnasus's feventeenth clafs, entitled Syngenefia 

 Polygamia NeceflTaria, the flowers of this feclion be- 

 ing compofed of female and hermaphrodite florets ; 

 in fome fpecies the florets in the difli are fertile, and 

 in others they are fterile. 



The Species are, . - 



1. Arctotis {Triftis) flofculis radiantibus vicenis tripar- 

 titis. Lin. Sp. 1^06. Artlotis with the rays of the fl.owcr 

 compofed of florets cut into three fegments, Anemono- 

 fpermos Afra, foliis & facie taraxaci incanis. Breyn, 

 Prod, t, 15. ^ 



2. Arctotis {Anguftifolia) flofculis radiantibus fertili- 

 bus, foliis lanceolatis integris dentatis, Lin. Sp. 1306. 



, Ar£lotis who fe florets in the rays are fertile^ and fpear- 

 fljapsd,, entire^ indented leaves. Anemonofpermos Afra, 

 foho ferrato rigido flore intus fulphul*eo extus puni- 

 ceo. Boerh. Ind. Alt. i. p. x. 100. 



3. Arctotis {Afpera) flofculis radiantibus fertilibus, 

 foliis pinnato-linuatis villofis laciniis oblongis denta- 

 tis. Lin. Sp. 1307. ArElotis whofe rays of the flower are 



fertile and woolly •^withfinuated, oblong, indented leaves.^. A- 

 nemonolpermos Afra, folio Jacobsese tenuiter laciniato 

 flore aurantio pulcherrimo. Boerh. Ind. Alt. i. p, 100. 



4. Arctotis {Calendula) flofcuUs radiantibus fterilibus 

 duodenis fubintegris, foliis lyratis nigro denticulatis. 

 Lin. Sp. 1306. ArSotis whoferays of the flower are fie- 

 rile and intire, and the leaves are lyre-fhaped and indented. 



■ Anemonofpermos Africana Jacobse^ maritimas foliis 

 flore fulphureo. Com. Rar. 36. - '. 



5. Arctotis {Plantaginea) flofculis radiantibus fertili- 

 bus, foliis lanceolato-ovatis nei*vofis decurrentibus am- 

 plexicaulibus,. Lin, Sp. 1306. Arctotis whofe rays cf 

 the flower are fertile, and oval, fpear-fhaped, nervous^ 

 running leaves embracing the ftalks, Anemonofpermos 

 Afra, folio plantaginis, florum radiis intus aureis ex- 



: tus puniceis. Boerh. Ind. i. p. 100. ' 



6. Ap.cTOTis (yfif<^///yj) pedunculis radicalibus, foliis ly- 

 ratis. Lin. Sp. 1306. ArSlotis whofe foot-ftalks arife 



^ from the root, and the leaves are lyre-fhaped, Anemo- 

 fpermos Africana, folio plantiginis flore fulphureo. 

 Com. Rar. '2^1^, . ^ ^ ' 



7. Arctotis foliis pinnato-kciniatis crifpis caule ra- 

 mofo fruticofo. ArSlotis with winged, jagged, curled 

 leaves, and a branching florubby flalk. • Anemonofper- 

 mos Africana. foliis Cardui benedidli florum radiis in- 

 tus albicantibus. Hort. Amft, 2. 45. 



8. Arctotis {Paleacea) flofculis radiantibus fterilibus, 

 paleis flofculos difci a^quantibus, foliis pinnatis line- 

 aribus. Amoen. Acad. 6: Afr. 84. ArBolis whofe rays 

 of the flower are barren, the fcales of the flowers in the 

 dijk equal, and linear winged leaves. After foliis inte- 

 gris anguftis, flore magno lutco., Burm. Afr. 176. 

 Thefe plants are natives of the countiy about the 

 Cape of Good Hope, from whence they have been 

 brought to fome curious gardens. 



The firft fort here mentioned is an annual plant, 

 which may be fown upon a warm border of light 

 earth in the open air, in the iniddle of April, where 

 they are defigned to remain ; thefe flower in Auguft, 

 , and if the feafon proves favourable, they will perfed 

 feeds very well, and the plants ' will grow much 

 ftronger than thofe raifed upon a hot-bed ; but, as 

 in cold feafons thefe may fail to perfeft their feeds, k 

 will be a fecure method to raife fome upon the hot- 

 bed, whicli never fails to perfeft feeds, ,providcd tliey 

 are not treated too tenderly. . 



The fecond, third, fourth, and feventh forts, grow 

 to the height of four or five feet, fending forth many 

 branches i therefore >vlll require to be frequently 

 pruned, to keep them in tolerable order, cfpecially 

 the feventh, which fends forth ftrong rambling flioors, 

 when their roots are not much confined in the poc^, 



but more fo when they are duly watered. 



. Thefe 



