A 



V 



Thefe arc fcklom deflitute of flowers the whole year, 

 unlefs the winter is fevere, which renders them more 

 valuable than thofe which flower at one fealbn only ^ 

 for all thofe plants which flower in the winter-feafon, 

 make a fine variety in the green-houfe ; and wlien the 

 plants are fet abroad in fummer, tlieir flowers being 

 at that feafon produced in greater plenty, they add 

 to the beauty of a garden. 



The fhrubby forts are propagated by planting cut- 

 tino-s in a bed of light frelh earth, in any of the fum- 

 mer months, obferving to ihade theni from the heat 

 of tlie fun until they have taken root, as alfo to re- 

 frefli them often v/ith water ; and in fix weeks after 

 planting, they will be rooted fufficiently,- at which 

 time they fhould be tranfplanted into pots filled with 

 frefli earth, fetting the pots in a fliady place until the 

 plants are new rooted ; after which time they Ihould 

 be placed in the open air until the latter end of Ofto- 

 ber, or later, according as the weather is favourable, 

 when they mufl be removed into the green-Koufe, 

 where they fhould be placed as near the window as 

 pofilble, that they may have a good quantity of free 

 air at all times, when the weather is mild ; nor Ihould 

 they be over-hung by other plants, which would cc- 

 cafion them to take a mouldinefs, and rot ; they mufl 

 alfo be frequently refreflied with v/ater, giving it 

 them plentifully in mild weather, otherwife their 

 leaves and branches will hang and wither •, in fufn- 

 mer they can fcarce have too much water given them. 

 They v/ill alfo require to be fliifted into other pots 

 two or three times at leaft every fummer, and the 

 pots fnould be frequently removed, to prevent the 

 plants from ftriking their roots through the holes of 

 the pots into the ground, which they are very apt to 

 do, then they will fhoot very vigoroufly ; but when 

 thefe roots are torn off, by removing the pots, the 

 plants are often killed. ^ 



All thefe plants fhould be frequently renewed by 

 cuttings, becaufe the old plants are fubjedl to decay 

 in winter ; therefore if young plants are not annually 

 raifed, the fpecies may foon belofl. , /' - 



If the green-houfe in which thefe plants are placed 

 in winter is fubjeft to damps, it will be very difficult 

 to preferve fome of the forts ; for when the windows 

 are kept clofe, the tender parts of their fhoots are 

 very fubjeft to a mouldinefs, which will foon caufe 

 the plants to decay, if it is not conftantly cleaned off, 

 and free air admitted to dry off the damps. .. 

 ARCUATION [from arctio^ LaL to bend or bow 

 like an arch ;] the method of raifing trees by layers. - 

 The firft thing that is to be done, is, to procure 

 ftrong mother plants, which are ufually called ftools. 

 It is no matter whether the trees be crooked, or othcr- 

 therwife deformed. They are to be planted in a bor- 

 der fix feet wide, and in a flrait line fix feet afunder. 

 The border muft be well trenched, or dug, and clear- 

 ed from all roots, clods, ftones, or any other ob- 

 ftruftions. Thefe trunks or flools being planted in 

 this trench, will throw out a great many fhoots ac- 

 cording to their flrength, which may be Taid about 

 the Michaelmas following : in order to this, the 

 ground round each flool fhould be carefully" dug, 

 breaking the clods and picking out the flones as be- 

 fore. Then the fhoots fhould be bent down "in 

 arches, and put into the ground about three inches 

 deep -5 and to keep them in this fituation, each fliould 

 have a forked ftick drove into the ground over the 

 part of the flioot immerfed, turning the extremity of 

 each fhoot upward. 



When the branches are thus laid round the flool, and 

 pegged fafl down, the branches, or fhoots, will be 

 Covered all over, except the very top. ' Some per- 

 fons give the branches a twifl, in order to make them 

 take root the fooner. Others flit fuch of the ilioots 

 as are not apt to take root without, in the fanie mln- 

 ner as is praftifed in laying of Carnations, which' is 

 generally a fure way ; and if they are afterward mulch- 

 ed, it will be of ufe to keep out the frofl in v/ihtdr, 

 and alfo to keep the ground moifl the following fprihg 

 and fu aimer. 



'' 



b' « 



G 



- About the end of September following they iv.iiy he 

 opened and examined, to fee if they have talccn root 

 or not, which it is very probable they will have done ; 

 but if not, they mufl; be let alone, to lie till the next 

 autumn, when they are to be taken up, and planted 

 in tlie nurfery. 



Tiiis may be done to the Dutch, Witch, and En<^- 



lifh Elms ; the Abele, Lime, Alder, Platanus, aiTd 

 ■ many forts of evergreen trees and flowering fiirubs. 

 AREA is the internal capacity or content of any given 



boundary or limits, of what figure or fliape Ibevcr 



it be. 



ARGEMONE[fo called from ''Apyry.oc, a difeafe m 

 the eye," which this plant is faid to cure ; it is alio 

 called the Infernal Fig, becaufe the capfule pretty 

 much refembles a Fig, and from its afperity,] Prickly ' 

 Poppy. 



The CHARACTEks are, , 



Jlozver hath a three-leaved empalement, z^hkh falls 



off', it hath Jive roundifi petals^ 'which fpread 



fit. 



an oval five-cornered germen^ crowned by a large obtttft 

 JligfHa^ which is permanent y divided into five parts^ at- 



of fiamina^ cr 

 fuynmits ; the germen afterwar 



feed-veffely having fi' 

 filled with fmall 



feeds 



Ci^i/lS 



This genus of plants is ranged in Linnaeus's thir- 

 teenth clafs, entitled Polyandria Monogynia, the 

 flowers having many flamina and one germen. 



We 



(Mi 



fpinofis. ^Lin. Sp. 727. 

 five valves^ dnd the leavi 



whofe capfule 



Papaver fpinofum, C. B. P. 171,. ^ 

 This is an Annual plant, which is very common In 

 mofl parts of the Wefl-Indies, and is, by the Spani- 

 ards, called Fico del Inferno, oir the Devil's Fig-, 

 there 'is no" great beiiuty 61* ufe i'rl this plant that I 

 know of, but whoevef hath a niihd lo cultivate it, 

 ..fhould fow it on a bed of light earth, in the fpring, 

 where it js to remain ; and if it comes up too thick, 

 the plants mufl be thinned to four inches diftance, 

 where, when once it has fhed its feed, there will riot 

 want a fupply of plants for feVdra! years afier. I 

 have been informed that gumbougd is made from the 

 juice of this plant, but how tme I cannot take upon 

 nae to, determine. . ' " ; 



i ARGIL [Argilla^ Lat. a fort of white earth like' chalk, 

 ; but more brittle,] Potters Clay. ::. 



A R I A T H E O P H R A S T I. See Crat^gus ' 



r 



I 



«« . '•* 



M. See Arum. 



- s 



. A R I S TA,' of corn, is that fharp-pointed needle that 



! 



ftand 



the beard orav^n of corn. 



-' 1 



1 



^ A R I S T O L O C H I A, {;A^iroXc^cc from ^^..r©-, befl, 

 and Xo^^iSi, Child Birth, becaufe fuppofed to be of lb- 

 reign ufe on that occafion.l Birthwort. 

 The Characters are, \ '" '" ^ 



: The flower hath no empalement'\ it is of one leaL which 

 - is tinemal\ the bafe is fwelling and globular^ ^ afterward 



brim. 



re the lower tart is flretched 

 Jlaniina^ but there are fix ft 

 of the fiig 



fpreads 



'0 



a tongue 



fits under the fewer, fupporting a concave globular fiig- 

 ma^' divided into fitx parts \ ' the mermen afterward turn. 

 to a large feed-vejfel, differing in form^ which opens /; 

 fix cells, which are filled %viih feeds ^ for the mofi par. 



effed 



. ^ - • 



\ 



^' ,j^ 



fifth 



Linnaeus's twentieth clafsj» entitled Gynandria Hexah- 

 dria, the flowers being; male arid female in the fame 

 fpecies, having no llamiha or'pomtal, and fix fum- 

 mits, which reft on the receptacle. 



>«y. ■^. . ( 



I. 



The Species are, 

 Aristolochia {Rotunda)' foliis cordatis, fublefTili- 

 bus obtufis, caule infirmo, florlbus folitariis, Lin. 



1 ^ 



Sp. Plant. 962. Birthwort with 



leaves growing' clofe^ a weak f alii, and fit 



vol 



