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hiLO the gravel or chalk, but rather extend themfelves 

 near the I'arface, where they will meet v/kh better 

 foil : a!Kl as the trees are of lonp; duration, and old 



tree^ bchig not only more fruitful than young, but 

 the fruk is alfo better flavoured, therefore the pro- 

 viding^- fur their continuance is abfolutely necelfary. 

 The loil I would in general advife to be ufed for thefe, 

 and all other forts of fruit-trees, isfreili untried earth, 

 from a pafture ground, taken about ten inches deep, 

 with the turf, and laid to rot and mellow at leait 

 tv/'clve months before it is ufed, mixing a little rotten 

 dung with it-, this niuft be often turned, to fweeten 

 and imbibe the nitrous particles of the air. 

 When the former foil of the border is taken away, 

 this frefii earth fhould be carried in the place ; and if 

 the borders are filled with it two months before the 

 trees are planted, the ground will be better fetded, 

 and not (o liable to Hnk after tlie trees are planted : 

 in filling of the borders, the ground fhould be raifed 

 four or five inches above the level they are defigned, 

 to allow for the fettling. 



The borders being thus prepared, iViZkt choice of 

 fucli trees as are but of one year's growth from bud- 

 ding-, and if the foil is dry, or of a middling temper, 

 October is tlie bed fealbn for planting, efpecially 

 havinn; at that time a o;rcater choice of trees from 

 the nurferics, before they have been picked and drawn 

 over by other people. The manner of preparing thele 

 trees for planting being the flime in common with 

 other fruit trees, I fhall refer the reader to the article 

 of Peaches, v/here he will find it largely treated of. 

 At the time of planting no part of the head of the 





trees fiiould be cut off, unlefs there are any ftron^i 

 foreright flioots which will not come to the wall, 

 which may be taken quite away. 

 The trees being thus prepared, you mull mark out 

 the diftances they are to ftand, v/hich in a good ftrong 

 foil, or acrainil a low wall^ fhould be twenty feet or 





mOiC ', but in a moderate one, eighteen feet is a good 

 reafonable diftance ; then make a hole where each tree 

 is to fcand, and place its ftem about four inches from 

 the wall, inclining the head thereto ; and after having 

 fixed the tree in the ground, nail the branches to the 

 v/all, to prevent their fliaking, and cover the furface 

 of the around round the root with rotten dune;, to 

 keep out the froft: in this Hate let it remain till the 

 end of February or the beginning of March, when if 

 tlie weadier is good, you muftunnail the branclxes of 

 your trees, fo as not to difturb their roots -, and, being 

 provided with a iharp knife, put your foot clofe to 

 the fbem of the tree ; and having placed your left- 

 hand to the bottom of the tree, to prevent its being 

 difturbed, with your right-hand cut off the head 

 of the tree, if it has but one ftem, or where it may 

 have two or more fiioots, each of them mud be 

 Iliortened, to about four or five eyes above the bud, 

 fo that the fioping fide may be toward the wall. 

 In the fpring, if the v/cather proves dry, it will be 

 neceffiiry to o-ive the trees a g-entle refrefliing: with 

 water j in the doing of which, if they watered with 

 a rofe to the watering-pot all over their heads, it 

 v/ill greatly help them. •, and alfo lay fome turf, in tlie 

 m.anner directed .for Apples, or fom.e other mulch, 

 round their roots, to prevent their drying during the 

 fummer feafon ; and in the fpring, as new branches 

 are produced, obferve to nail them to the wall in a 

 horizontal pofition ; and fuch flioots as are produced 

 fore-riglit, muil be entirely difplaced. This muft be 

 repeated as often as is necefiliry, to prevent thxir 

 hanging from the wall, but by no mxans ftop any of 

 the flioots in fummer. 



At Michaelmas, when the trees have done growing, 

 their branches fnould be unnailed, andfhorten them 

 in proportion to their ftrength; a vigorous branch 

 may be left ei^ht or nine inches loner, but a weak one 

 iliould not be left above five or fix. I fuppofe many 

 ])errons will wonJer at this diredion, efpecially having 

 allowed fuch a diicancebctween thetrees, as believing, 

 by tliis n}an:ic/emcnt, tlic wall will never be filled; 

 but \w\ rcafun for it is, that I Nvould have no part of 



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the wall left unfurnifiied with bearing wood; 'which 

 muH: cbnfequently be the cafe, if the branches are 

 left to a greater length at firft ; for it feldom happens, 

 that more buds than two or three upon eacli branch 

 Ihoot ; and thefe are, for the mofl part, fuch as are 

 at or near the extreme part of the la(t year's v/ood -, {o 

 that all the lower part of the ftiocts become naked, nor 

 will tliey ever after produce fhoots; and this is the 

 reafon, we fee fo many trees vvdiich have their bearing; 

 wood fituated only in the cxtrem.e part of the tree. 

 When you have Iliortened the flioots, be fure to nail 

 them as horizontally as pofiible, for upon this it is 

 that the future good of the tree chiefly depends. 

 The fecond fummer obferve, as in the firft, to dif- 

 place all fore-right flioots as they are produced, nail- 

 ing in the other clofe to the wall horizontally, fo that 

 the middle of the tree may be kept open j and never 

 fliorten any of the flioots in fummer, unlefs to furnifla 

 brandies to fill vacant places on the v/all ; and never 

 do this later than the end of Apri-!, for reafons here- 

 after given in die article of Peaches. At Michaelmas 

 fliorten thefe flioots, as was dire6ted for the firft year> 

 the ftrong ones may be left nine or ten inches, and 

 the weak ones fix or feven at mofl-.. 

 The following year's management will be nearly tiic 

 fame Vv'ith this, but only obferve, that Apricots pro- 

 duce their bloflbm buds, not only upon thelaft year's 

 wood, but alfo upon the curfons, or fpurs, vv^liich are 

 produced from the two years wood ; a great care 

 Ihould therefore be had in the fummer management, 

 not to hurt X)X difplace thefe : obferve alfo to fliorten 

 the branches at the winter prvining, fo as to furnifli 

 frefli wood in every part of the tree ; and be fure to 

 cut out entirely all luxuriant branches, or difplace 

 ' them as foon as they are produced ; which, if left to 

 grow, would exhauft- thenourifliment from the bearing 

 branches, which in my opinion, cannot be too ftrong^ 

 provided they are kindly \ for the more vigorous the 

 tree is, the more likely it is to refift the injuries of 

 the weather: tliou2;h we often fee trees brouo^ht to 



fo weak a condition, as to be able only faintly to 

 blow their bloflToms, and then moft of the bearing 

 branches have died ; which has given occafion to the 

 owner to imagine it was the efi"edt of a blight, vviien, 

 in reality, it was only for want of riglit management. 

 And, I am fully perfuaded, half die blights we hear 

 complained of, proceed from nothing eife but this. 

 Thefe few rules, well executed, together with a lit- 

 tle obfervation and care, will be fufHcient, therefore 

 to pretend to prefcribe particular directions for all the 

 different accidents, or manner of treating fruits, would 

 be impoflible-, but I believe the reader will find what 

 has beenfaid, if duly attended to, willanfwer his de- 

 fign \ for, without diligent obfervation, there can be 

 no fuch thing as a flciliul manager, let him have ever 

 fo many or good inftruftions laid down to him. 

 The Brufliels and Breda Apricots, being, for the moft 

 ■ part, planted for ftandards, will require very little 

 pruning or management •, only obferve 'to take out all 

 dead wood, or fuch branches as crofs each other; 

 this niuft be done early in autumn, or in the Ipring, 

 after the cold weather is paft, that the part may not 

 canker where the incifion is made. 



M 



See DiANTHus. 



ARNICA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 784. Doronicum. Bauh. 

 Pin. 184. Leopardfl^ane. 

 The Char^vcters are, 

 T'he common empakment is fcaly^ andjijortcr than the rays 

 of the flower. It hath a compound flozver^ the border or 

 rays being compojed of many female f.Grets^ ^-^jhich fpread 

 cpen^ cut into three parts at their end ; the dijk^ cr middle^ 

 has 'many hermaphrodite florets^ which are tiihulous^ cut 

 into three unequal fegraents at the Irim ; thefe have each 

 five fljort flamina^ crczvned with cblcng fummits. The 

 female florets have alfo five awl-foaped fiamina^ but no 

 fummits^ in the hermaphrodite fliorcts thegemnen is fituated 

 belcw the flower^ fv.pporting a flycnder flcrt flyle^ crowned 



ifidfiigma. The germen afterward becomes afi> 



gfeed^ crowned with long fender down. 



Thk 



