Sp. Plaiit. 215. SivdIo-v;<vcrl zvithfinootb fpear-JIjaped\ downward; fometimes thefe are facceeded by laro-e 



leaves, having foot-ftalks, a ftngle ft alk , and uprighl Jingk 

 Uniheis. Apocynum radice fibrosa, petalis coccinds 

 cornicuHs croccis. Hort. Elth. 34. commonly called 

 Baftard Ipecacuana. 

 I S. AscLEPiAS {Gigcntea) foliisamplexicaullbus oblongo- 

 ova^bus. Flor. Zcyl. J 12. Swallo'iv-voort voith chlong^ 

 oval leaves, emhracing the ftalks. Apocynum erc£lum 

 majus latlfolium Indicum. Pluk. Aim. 35. tab. 175. 



f. 3. 



hiriun3 caule fruticcfo fcandente umbellis lateralibus 



. Sivallcxv-wort with oblongs fpear-pape^, hairy 

 leaves, a fljruhby climbing ft alk^ and compail umbels pro- 

 ceeding from the fide, . 

 The liril fort is the common Swallow-wort of the 



oval pods, -filled with fiat feeds, crov/ned by a IcnV 

 foft dov/n ; it flowers in July, This propagates fail 

 enough by Its creeping root, and will grow in any 

 foil or fituation: It may be tranfplanted any time 

 after the ftalks decay, or before the roots fhoot in 

 the fpring. 



The fixth fort hath a perennial root, whicli fends up 

 feveral upright ftalks ^in the fpring, about two' feet 

 high, garnifhed with oval leaves growing oppofite; 

 at tlie top of the ftalks the umbels of flowers are pro- 

 duced, which are of a bright purple colour, making 

 a pretty appearance in July, but are not fucceeded by 

 pods in England i this muft be treated as the fourth 

 fort. I was favoured'with this by Mr. Peter CoUinfcn, 



F. R, S. 



fliops. This is called Vincetoxicum & Hirundinaria, I The feventh fort growls naturally in North America. 

 in Eno-lifli Swallow-wort, or tame poifon, from its I This hath a perennial root, which fends out finp;le 



con2;cili 



fuppofed virtue, being accounted a mighty counter 

 poilbn. The root is the only part which is ufed : it 

 is compofed of many ftrong fibres, which are con- 

 ReiVed at the top, like tliofe of Afparagus, from 

 which arife many foot-ftalks, in number proporti- 

 onal to the fize of the roots ; which grow near 

 two i^tt high, are very flender at the top \ die leaves 

 are oval, ending in a point, and placed by pairs. The 

 flowers are white, growing in umbels near the top of 

 the ftalk, from which are fent out fmaller umbels ; 

 the flowers are of one leaf, cut into five parts, in the 

 center of \vhich are placed five horned necbarii, among 

 which tlie ftamina and ftyles are fituated. After the 

 flower is paft, the two germen become two long 

 pointed pods, inclofing many comprefil^d feeds, which 

 are crowned with a foft white dov/n. The flowers 

 appear in June, and the feeds ripen in September. 

 This fort grows naturally in the fouch of France, 

 Spain, and Italy, ' : ' . 



The fecond fort agrees with the firil, in the fhape of 

 its roots, leaves, and flowers, but the ftalks extend 

 to a greater length, and toward their upper part twifc 

 round any fticks, or other plants near them, ^nd the 

 flowers 01 this are black. This flowers at the fame 

 time with the firfl:, and feldom fails to ripen its feeds 



in England. - ■■ ' 



The tiiird differs from both the other in the narrow- 

 ncfs of its leaves, and weaknefs of its ftalks ^ the um- 

 bels of flowers are fingle, and of a yellow colour. 

 This flowers at the fame time with the two former 

 forts, and generally perfefts feeds in England. There 

 is a variety of this with broader leaves, which may 

 have come from the feeds of this. ' _ 



Thefe plants are common in the Englifli gardens, 



and natives of the fime countries. They are gene- 



ftalks near three feet high, garniftaed with oval leav 



'^es. 



rally propagated by parting their roots, efpecially the 

 firft fort, which foldom produces feeds in England. 

 The beft time for this is in autumn, when their ftalks 

 begin to decay. They fliovild not be planted nearer 

 together than three feet, for the fibres of their roots 

 extend to a confiderable diftance. They are very 

 hardy plants, fo will thrive in any fituation, but love 

 a dry foil. Their ftalks die in autumn, and new ones 

 rife in the fpring. 

 The fourth fort grows naturally in North America •, 



this rifes Vv^ith flender upright ftalks, garniftied with 

 very narrov/ leaves, growing in whorles round the 

 ftalks, at the top of which grow umbels of fmall, 

 wliite, ftarry flowers. Tliefe appear in July, but are 

 never fucceeded by pods in England, fo are only pro- 

 pagated by parting their roots \ which fliould be 

 done in the fpring, before they put out new flioots. 

 Tl.e roots faoukl be planted in a v/arm border and 

 dry foil, and in winter covered with old tan, to pre- 

 vent the froft from penetrating the ground. 

 Tlie fifth fort creeps greatly at the root,^ fo that it 

 will foon fpread over a large fpot of ground-, this 

 fends up ftrong ftcms upward of fovu' feet high, which 

 have thick oval leaves placed oppofite, hoary on their 

 tinder fides. Tov/ard the top of the ftalks the um- 

 bels of tlo'.vcrs come out on the fide ; thefe are of a 

 worn-out purple colour, fmelling fweet, and nod 



hairy on their under fide, placed oppofite ; the flgw- 

 ers grow in ereft umbels at the top, and the nedarii 

 are declining. They are of a' worn-out purple co- 

 lour refembling thofe of the fifth' i \t is very hardy, 

 and propagates faft by its creeping roots, but never 

 produces feeds in England. This will grow in any 

 foil or fituadon, and may be tranfplanted when the 

 ftalks decay. , 



The eighth fort refembles the feventh, but the leaves 

 are rough, and the umbels of flowers are more com- 

 pad, and come out on the fide of the ftalk ; thefe 

 are of an herbaceous colour, and are not fucceeded 

 by pods in this country,' but is propagated by roots as 

 the former fort. 



The ninth fort came firft from Canada, but hath fince 

 been found growing naturally in feveral other parts of 

 America. This hath a perennial root, which puts out 

 feveral upright ftalks about two feet high, which have 

 oblong fmooth leaves placed by pairs ; at the top are 

 produced clofe umbels of purple flov/ers ; thefe ap- 

 pear in Auguft, but are not fucceeded by feeds here, 

 fo is only propagated by parting the roots, which 

 do not increafe very faft, therefore the plant is not 

 veiy plenty in the gardens \ it is hardy enough to live 

 abroad, if it is planted in a dry foil. 

 The tenth fort is a native of North America, but is 

 hardy enough to live abroad in England, if it is 

 planted in a warm fituation and a dry foil. This hath 

 declining ftalks, which are hairy, a foot and a half 

 lon^ • the leaves are narrow, hairy, and placed op- 

 pofite \ the umbels grow at the extremity of the 

 branches, which are compaft, the flowers are of a 



It. is propagated by feeds, 

 which fliouId be fown in pots, and plunged into a 

 moderate hot-bed to bring up the plants, which fhould 

 be inured to the open air fo foon as the weather will 

 permit', for if they are drawn up weak, they feldom 

 recover it. When they arc of a proper ftrength to 

 remove, they fhould be fliaken out of the pots, and 

 planted in a warm border fix inches afunder, being 

 careful to fhade them fi*om the fun undl they have 

 taken frefh root, but they muft have very little water 

 jiven them, for they are milky plants, which rot with 

 much v/et. . During the fummer they muft be kept 

 clean from weeds^ and when their ftalks decay in au- 

 tumn, fome rotten tan fhould be laid over the g-rbund 



bright Orange colour. 



to keep out the froft, which fliould be removed in 

 the fpring before the plants put out new flioots ; the 

 following fummer they will require no otlier care than 

 before, andalfo the next winter they muft be covered 

 as in the former. The fecond fpring the roots may 

 be tranfplanted where they are to remain •, the roots 

 will then be ftrong enough to flower in fummer, and 

 will laft feveral years,, efpecially if they are covered 

 with tan to keep out the froft, but they fliould not 

 be afterward removed ; for when the roots are large, 

 they will not bear tranfplanting. 

 The eleventh fort is a native of the fame countries, 

 and is much like the former, but differs in having up- 

 right ftalks, and the leaves g;rowin^ alternate. The 

 roots of this grow to a large fize, fo will not bear 



A a tranf- 



\ 



