\ 





') 



4. 



V 



Bat as there may be fome perfons fo much wedded 

 to the old way of laying out and planting grounds, 

 as to prefer the avenues to the moft beautiful difpo- 

 fition of lawns, woods, &c. I Ihall mention the ufual 

 methods of defigning and planting them, that have 

 been efteemed the beft. 



The ufual widthallowed to thefe avenues was generally 

 as much as the whole breadth of the houfe and wings-, 

 but if they are planted twelve or fourteen feet wider, 

 tliey will be the better ; becaufe whtn the trees are 

 p-rown to any confiderable fize, they will fpread and 

 . ovcrhano:, fo will con- raft the view. 

 And as for fuch avenues to woods or profpefts, &c. 

 they ought not to be Icfs than fixty feet in breadth ; 

 and becaufe fuch walks are a long time before they 

 are fhady, it w^ill be convenient to plant another row 

 on each fide, rather than to lofe the ftatelinefs that 

 the main walk v/ill afford in time by being broad, 

 where any thing of a profpc6t is to be gained. - 

 And as to the diftance one from another, they fhoiild 

 not be planted nearer one another thun rhirty-five or 

 forty feet, efpecially if the trees are of a fpreading 

 kind 'y and the fame diftance, if they are for a regular 





grove. 



As to the trees proper for planting avenues, they 

 may be the Enghlh Elm, the Lime-tree, the Horfe 

 Chefnut, the common Chefnut, the Beach, and the 

 Abele. 



+ 



The Englifh Elm is approved for all places where it 

 will fucceed, and that it will do in moft places, ex- 

 cept in very wet or cold fhallow grounds, i. Becaufe 

 it will bear cutting, heading, lopping in any manner 

 whatfoever, and probably, with better fuccefs than 

 any other tree. 



Secondly, the Lime-tree : this is approved by others, 

 becaufe it will do well in any tolerable foil, if the 

 bottom be not hot and .gravelly ; and becaufe of the 

 regular Ihape it has in growing, the agreeablenefs of 

 its ftiade, and the beautiful colour of its leaves. 

 Thirdly, the Horfe Chefnut is alfo to be ufed in fuch 

 places as are very well defended from ftrong winds ; 

 becaufe, wherever it grows freely, if it be not flcii- 

 fully managed now and then by cutting, the branches 

 are fubjed to fplit down. This tree is valuable on ac- 

 count of its quick growth, the earlinefs of its coming 

 our, the noblenefs of its leaves, and the beauty of its 

 flowers, being a fine plant both for Ihade and orna- 

 ment. This delights in a ftrong hearty foil, but will 

 do well in any tolerable ground, if good care betaken 

 in the planting of it ; but wherever thefe trees are 

 planted in avenues, they fliould be placed thirty feet 

 afunder, that their heads may have room to fpread, 

 otherwife they will not appear fo beautiful. 

 Fourthly, the common Chefnut will do w^ell in a 

 proper foil, and will rife to a confiderable height, if 

 planted clofe together; but if it be planted fingly, 

 w^here the tree can take its own natural Ihape, it is 

 rather inclined to fpread and grow globous than tall; 

 ■ Fifthly, the Beech is recommended by fome; butthi 

 feldom fvKceeds well, after tranfplanting, without 

 traordinary care ; though it arrives to a very large 

 tree in many places in England, where it grov/s natu- 

 rally; and is the moft tedious and trouhlefome to 

 raife, to any tolerable fize, in a nurfery way. 

 Sixthly, the Abele : this, indeed, grows more dif- 

 perfed and loofe in its head than any of the former, 

 and confcquently, is worfe for defence ^ but yet is not 

 to be left out from the number of trees for avenues, 

 becaufe it is the quickeft in growth of all the foreft 

 trees, and will thrive tolerably well in almoft any foil, 



?. ANTIUM [this plant is fo called ^rom aii- 

 rum, LaL gold, on account of its golden colour,] the 



■Orange-tree. 



The Characters are* 



dented in five parts, 



ing petals^ and 



in jmallfeparate 



long fmnmits. In the cent. 



fupporting a cylindrical fiyk 



■ 1 



'jf the flo'wer is finally cf 



ftamina^ which are f, 



five ohlcng fprecd- 



fit 



oe gennen after^uoard becomes a glolukr fiejhy /; 

 ejed at both ends^ having a thick ficJhy pulp 







nd particularly in wet ground, where few of the be- 

 fore-mentioned trees will thrive, and this feldom fails 

 in traafplanting. , 



Seventlily, the Oak -, but this is feldom ufed in plant- 

 ing avenues, becaufe it requires fo long a time to 

 raife it up to any tolerable ftature in the nurfery way; 

 nor is it apt to thrive much after it has been tranf- 

 planted, if at any bignefs. 



As for the Alder, Afh, Platanus, and Sycomore, they 

 are but rarely ufed for planting avenues. 



feeds 



fi 



1 _ 



This genus of plants, is by Dr. Linnnsus joined to 

 the Citron, to which he has alfo added the Lemon, 

 making them only fpecies of the fame genus, and 

 ranges it in his eighteenth clafs, entitled Polyadelphla 

 Icofandria, the flowers having more than twenty fta- 

 mina, which are joined in feveral bodies* 

 The Species are, .! ■ 



1. AtrkANTiuM {Acri) foliis ovato-lance6iatis glabris. 

 Orange-tree^ with oval^ fpcar-Jha'ped^ fmooth leaves. Au- 

 rantium acri medulla vulgare. Ferr. Hefp. ^e Se- 

 ville Orange, 



2. AuRANTiuM (Sintnfe) foliis lanceiolatis acuds glabns. 

 Orange-tree,, with pointed^ fpear-Jhped^ fmooth leaves. 

 Aurantium Sinenfe. Ferr. Hefp. fhe China Orange. 



AuRANTiurvi (Orientale) foliis lineari-lanceolatis c-Ja- 



bris. Orange-tree with narrow-, fpear-foaped^ fmooth 



leaves. Aurantium anguftofalicis folio riiftum. Boerh. 

 Ind. alt 



3 





called the Turkey Orange, 



fi 



4. Aurantium {Decumcna){oV{is ovato-Ianceolatis crafTis 



lucidis, fruftu maximo. Oranze-tree 





fi^ 



I. 



tng,, oval^ fpear-fioaped leaves,, and a large fruit, Au- 

 rantium fru6tu maximo Indise Orientalis. Boerh. Ind» 

 alt. 2. 238. "The Pumpelmoesy ^cr Shaddock. 

 5. Aurantium {Huniile) pumilum foliis pvatis fioribus 

 felTiiibus. Dwarf Ora 



flowers growing clofe to the branches, Aurantium pu- 

 milum fub acri medulla. BartoL The Dwarfs cr 

 Nutmeg Orange. 



There are many varieties of this, as there Is of moft 

 other fruits which have arifen from culture ; but thofe 

 here enumerated may ftriftly be allowed to be diftinct 

 fpecies. The varieties in the Englilh gardens are. 

 The yellow and white ftriped-leaved Orange* 

 2. The curled-leaved Oranp;e. q. The horned Oranw. 

 .4. The double flowering Orange. And 5. The her- 

 maphrodite Orange. ' . 

 The China Orange is not fo hardy as the Seville, 

 therefore muft be treated more tenderly, placing it in 

 winter in the warmeft part of the green-houfe, and 

 houfing it earlier in autumn, otherwife the fruit will 

 all drop from the trees. This fort rarely produces 

 good fruit in England, nor are the leaves of the tree 

 near fo large or beautiful as thoie of the Seville 

 Orange ;• therefore the latter fliould be preferred, and 

 only a tree or two of the China fort kept for variety. 

 The Dwarf Orange is alfo tender, the leaves are very 

 fmall, growing in clufters ; the joints of the branches 

 are very near each other, and the flowers of thefe 

 grow very clofe together, and appear lilce a nofegay, 

 the branches being covered with them.' This fort, 

 when in flov/er, is proper to place in a room or 

 gallery, to adorn them ; the flowers being very fweet, 

 will perfume the air of the place ; but thefe are fel- 

 dom to be found in good health, becaufe they muft 

 be treated with more care than the common Orano-e 

 and Lemon-trees, as muft alfo the Shaddock, other- 

 wife the fruit will always drop off in winter. The 

 Pumpelmoes v/as brought from the Eaft-Indies by 

 one Capt. Shaddock, from whom the inhabitants of 

 the Weft-Indies gave this fruit the name. But they 

 have greatly degenerated the fruit fihce it has been in 

 the Weft-Indies, by raifing the trees from feeds; t!ie 

 greateft part of which produce harfl^ four fndt, greatly 

 inferior to the original fort ; the flelli or pulp of which 



is red;^ whereas the greater part of the trees in Ame- 

 rica 



