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herein, plunging them into the hot-bed, and about defign of training the branches to the walls, or in bor- 



the beginning of July, when your trees have made 

 ^ good fhoots, you inay remove them into the tubs, 

 with their balkets about them, filling the empty fpace 

 with the fame good earth : this will preferve your 

 tubs from rotting in the bark, and the trees v/ill do 

 equally well as if planted into the tubs at firft, pro- 

 vided you are careful in removing the baflcets, not 

 to difturb their roots ^ and alfo let them remain in 

 the green-houfc a fortnight or three weeks after plant- 

 ing, before you fet them abroad. 

 Thefc trees being new potted or tubbed every other 

 year, thofe years in which they are not fliifted, you 

 mull in April obferve to take out as much of the old 

 earth from the tops of the pots and tubs, and alfo 

 round the fides of them, as poflible, without injuring 

 the roots of the trees, and fill them up with frefh 

 earth ; you miift alfo wafh and clean their ftems and 

 leaves from filth, which will greatly ftrengthen their 

 flowering, and caufe them to ihoot vigoroufiy the 

 following^ fummer. ; 



In the management of Orange-trees which are in good 

 health, the chief care Ihould be to fupply them with 

 water duly, and not (as is fometimes praftifed) ftarve 

 tliem in winter, whereby their fibres are dried, and 

 become mouldy, to the great prejudice of the trees -, 

 nor to give them water in too great abundance, but 

 . rather let their waterings be frequent, and given in 

 moderate quantities. You mufl alfo obferve, that 

 the water has free paflage to drain off; for if it be de- 

 , tained in the tubs or pots, it will rot the tender fibres 

 of the trees. During the winter feafon, they mufl 

 have a large fhare of air when the weather is favour- 

 able •, for nothing is more injurious to thefe trees than 

 ftifling of them, nor fhould they be placed too near 

 each other in the green-h'oufe -, but 'fet them at fuch 

 "diftance, that their branches m.ay be clear of each 

 other, and that the air may circulate freely round their 

 heads. In fummer they Ihould be placed where the 

 winds are not violent, and to have the morning and 

 evening fun ; for if they are too much expofed to the 

 mid-day fun, they will not thrive. The beft fitua- 

 tion for them is near fome large plantation of trees, 

 which will break the force of the winds, and fcreen 

 them from the violent heat of the fun. In fuch a 

 fituation they may remain until the beginning of Oc- 

 tober, or later, according as the feafon proves fa- 

 vourable i for if they are carried into the green-houfe 

 early, and the autumn fhould prove warm, it will 

 occafion the trees to make frefh fhoots, which will be 

 weak and tender, and fo liable to perifh in winter ; 

 and fometimes it will occafion their flowering in winter, 

 which greatly weakens the trees ; nor fhould they re- 

 ;r main fo long abroad as to be injured by morning frofls. 

 The befl compofl for Orange-trees is two thirds of 

 > frefh earth from a good paflure, which fhould not be 

 too light, nor over fliff\> but rather ' a hazel loam ; 

 this fnould be taken about ten inches deep with the 

 fward, which fhould be mixed with the earth to rot, 

 and one third part of neats dung ; thefe fhould be 

 mixed together, at leafl twelve months before it is 

 ufed, obferving to turn it over every month, to mix 

 it well, and to rot the fward ; this will alfo break the 

 clods, and caufe the mould to be finer. Before you 

 make ufc of this earth, you fhould pafs it through a 

 rough fcreen, to fcparate the great flones and the 

 roots of the fward therefrom ; but by no means fift 

 the earth too fine, for this is very prejudicial to mofl 

 plants, but particularly to Orange-trees, 

 Of lateyears there have beenmanyof thefetrees planted 

 againfl walls, againfc which frames of glafs are made 

 to fix over them in winter; and fome few curious per- 

 fons have planted thefe trees in the full ground, and 

 have ereded moveable covers to put over the trees 

 in Winter, which are fo contrived as to be all taken 

 away in fummer : where thefe have been well execut- 

 ed, the trees have made great progrefs in their growth, 

 and produced a much larg^er quantity of fruit, which 

 have ripened fo well, as to be extremely good for 

 eating. If thefe arc planted either againfl walls with 



ders at a Imall diftance, fo as to train them up as 

 flandards, there fhould be a contrivance of a fire- 

 place or two, in proportion to the length of the wall, 

 and flues carried the whole length of the wall, to 

 warm the air in very cold weather, otherwife it will 

 be very difficult to preferve the trees in very hard win- 

 ters afive ; or, if they do live through the winter, they 

 will be fo much weakened by. the cold, as not to bi^ 

 recovered the following fummer to a proper flrength 

 for bearing ; fo that wherever the trees are intended 

 to be placed againftor near old walls, the flues fhould 

 be built up againft the front, allowing four inches 

 thicknefs of the brick-work on each fide the flues, 

 obferving to faften this with irons, at proper diflances, 

 to fecure it from feparating from the old wall ; the 

 manner of making thefe flues, is fully explained under 



the article of Hot Walls. Where this contrivance 

 is made, there will be no hazard of lofing the trees, 

 be the winter ever fo fevere, with a little proper care ^ 

 v/hereas, if this is wanting, there will require great 

 care and trouble to cover and uncover the glaffes 

 every day, when there is any fun ; and if the wall 

 is not thicker than they are ufually built, the froll 

 will penetrate through the walls in fevere winters , fo 

 that covering and fecuring the glafTesof the front will 

 not be fufficient to preferve' the trees, be it done with 

 ever fo much care ^ therefore the firft expencc of the 

 walls will fave great trouble and charge, and be t!ie 

 fecureft mxthod. 



If the ground is wet, or of a ftrong clay, fo as to 

 detain the moifture, the borders fhould be raifcd 

 above the level of the ground, in proportion to the 

 fituation of the place •, for where the wet lies in win- 

 ter near the furface, it will greatly prejudice, if not 

 totally deftroy the trees •, fo that lime rubbifh fhould 

 be laid at leaft two feet thick in the bottom of tlie 

 border, to drain off the wet ; and the earth fhould be 

 laid two and a half or three feet thick thereon, which 

 will be a fufficient depth for the roots of the trees. 

 In thefe boi"ders there may be a few roots of theGuern- 

 fey and Belladonna Lilies and Hsemanthus planted, 

 or any other exotic bulbous-rooted flowers, which do 

 not grow high, or draw too much nourifliment from 

 the borders -, and thefe, producing their flowers in 

 autumn or winter, will make a good appearance, and 

 thrive much better than if kept in pots. 

 The management of the Orange-trees in thefe places, 

 is nearly the fame as hath been directed for thofe in 

 pots or tubs, excepting that the borders in thefe 



places fliould be dug, and refrefhed with fome 



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rotten dung everv year. 



AURICULA MURIS, or Pilosella. Moufe Ear. 

 This is a fort of Hawkv/eed with fmall hairy leaves, 

 which are white underneath : the plant trails upon the 

 ground, taking root at the joints, by which means it 

 will loon fpread over a large compafs of ground. 

 This is very common in England ; it grows chiefly on 



' dry barren places, or upon old walls, and is too often 

 a troublefome weed in grafs-plats in gardens. 



AURICULA URSI [i. e. Bear's Ear, fo called 

 becaufe the ancients fancied it refemblcd the ear of a 

 bear.] Bear's Ear, or Auricula. 

 Dr. Linna;us has joined this genus to the Primula 

 veris of Tournefort, making this one fpecies under 

 the title of Primula. 



To enumerate the diverfities of this plant, would be 

 almoft endlefs and impoffible ; for eveiy year pro- 



- duces vaft quantities of new flowers, differing in 

 fhape, fize, or colour of the flowers ; and alfo in the 

 leaves of thefe plants there is as great a variety, fo that 

 the flcilful floriil is oftentimes capable of diftinguifh- 

 ing many of the particular forts thereby. 

 But as it feldom happens, that fuch of thefe flowers 

 as are at one time in great efteem, continue to be re- 

 garded a few years after, (their being ftill finer or 

 larger flowers produced from feeds, which are what 

 the florifts chiefly feek after) it would be needlefs to 

 mention any of them ; wherefore I ftiall proceed to 



give the characters of a good Auricula, 



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