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A CCA, i. e. a berry, is a round fruit, for the 



mofl part foft, and covered with a thin fkin, 

 containing feeds in a pulpy fubftance •, but, if 

 it be harder, and covered with a thicker flefli, 

 it is called Pomum, i. e. an Apple, 

 BACCIIARIS, Ploughman's 'Spikenard, vulgo. 



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The Characters are, 



fio-zver is compofcd of many hermaphrodite and fi 



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1. 



ii'hich are included in one common^ cylindricpJ^ 

 )akraeut, 'Tb^ florets are eqiuiU the hermaphrodite 

 lie are intermixed, ^he hermaphrodite florets are 

 junncl'fljCiped and quinquefld'^ thefc have flvefl,ender fta- 

 hiina^ ero'tvncdLy cylindrical firmmits^ and <in ovalgermen^ 

 fnpporting a flicnder flyle^ crowned hy a hifldftigma. The 

 <rerri:en aftcrvjard becomes a Jingle frjort feed crowned with 

 ^a long down. The female flowers have no flamina^ but in 

 clhcr rcfpetis are the fame. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feflion 

 of Linnxus's nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Po- 

 lygamia fuperflua, the flowers being compofed of her- 

 maphrodite and female florets, which are both fruitful. 



The Spizcies are, 

 Baccharis {h^folia) foliis Unccolatis loi ^ 

 liter dentato-ferratis. Lin. Hort. Cliff. Ploughman's 

 Spikenard with fpearjhaped leaves^ which are longitudi- 

 vally indented and flawed, Senecio A^icana arborefccns 

 folio ferrato. Boerh. Ind. alt. i. 117. 

 Baccharis {Neriiflolia) fohis lanccolatis fupernc uno 

 akerove denticulo ferratis. Tlort. CliiF. 404.. Plough- 

 vians Spikena)'d with fpear-papcd leaves flawed on the 

 ed'^es, Arbufcula foliis nerii. Bo,erh. Ind. 2. p. 263. 



ifd 



at. 



r, 



:s iuperne emar- 

 ginato crcnatis. Hort. Cliif. 405. Ploughman's Spike- 

 nard with cval indented leaves, Senecio Virginianus 

 CT-bor^'fccns, atriplicis folio. Raii Hift. 1799. 



.4. Baccharis (Fa'tida) foliis lanceolatis ferrato-dentatis, 

 corymbis foliofis. Flor. Virg. 121.. Ploughman's Spike- 

 nard with fpear-floaped flawed leaves^ and a leafly corym- 

 bus, Conyza Americana frutefcens fcetidifllma. Hort, 

 Elth. tab. S9. 



The Engliili name of Ploughman's Spikenard has 

 been always applied to the Conyza major^ or greater 

 Fleabanc •, b-it fiuce moft of the modern botaniflis 

 hvive applied the title of Baccharis to this genus, I have 

 added the old Englifli name to it, of Ploughman's 

 Spikenard, rather than leave it without anEnglifli title. 

 The firfl fort was brought from the Cape of Good 

 Hope, but grows naturally in Peru, and in other 

 parts of America. Tliis plant has been long pre- 

 fer\Td by the curious in tlielr gardens. It grows to 

 the height of five or fix feet, and is a manageable 

 ihrub-, "it may be propagated by cuttings, which 

 fhould be planted in a lliady border durijig any of 

 the fumm.cr nionths, or by feeds fov/n in a common 

 border in the fpring of the year. Thefe feeds ripen 

 AvcU in tliis country, and, if permitted to fcattcr on 

 the irrocnd, the plants will com.c up the following 

 fpriiK-;. I: is pretty hardy, and will live abroad in 

 mild wint 



^--- 



if planted in a warm fituat:on \ but it 

 is ufually kept in green-houfes, and placed abroad in 

 fi.mmcrV it requires much v/ater in warm weather. 

 'J*he fecond fort is alfo a native of Africa; this hath 

 a Ibfc flirubby ilalk which rifes to the height of eight 

 or ten f-et, putting oat fide brandies toward the top, 

 garnifaed with (liflTpear-rnaped lea'/cs, having a few 

 mdentures toward their toji; thefe are placed without 

 Oivler : the flowers are produced at tlie extremity of 



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 ^ 



A N 



hermaphrodite florets included in the common cm- 

 palcment ; they are of an herbaceous colour, fo make 



little appearance, and are not fucceeded by feeds in 

 England; 



This plant is difficult to propagate, for the cuttings 

 do wuth great difficulty take root ; and it is very rare 

 to find Ihoots near the root to lay down, fo that in 

 Holland they lay down the entire head of young 

 plants, flitting the fmaller branches in the fame 

 manner as is pradifed for Carnations, laying them 

 into the ground and forking each down to prevent 

 their riflng •, thefe when duly watered put out roots 

 in one year, when they may be taken off, and planted 

 in fmall pots filled with light earthy and placed in 

 the fliade till they have taken new root ; after which 

 they may be placed in a flneltered fituation in fum- 

 mer, but in winter muil be kept in a green-houfe. 

 The third fort is pretty common in the nurferies 

 about London, where it is ufually called the Ground- 

 fell-tree ; this is a native of Virginia and other parts 

 of North America ; it grows to be a flu'ub of about 

 fevcn or eight feet high, and flowers in Odober^ the 

 flowers are white, and not very beautiful •, but the 

 leaves continuing green through the year, has oc- 

 cafioned this flirub to be admitted into many curious 

 gardens, ■ ' - 



This fort may be propagated by cuttings, whicli 

 fliould be planted in April or May, upon a fliady 

 border, and duly watered in dry weather, until they 

 have taken root; and, at Michaelmas, they will b 

 fit to tranfplant where they arc to remain ; this will 

 live in the open air, and never is injured by the cold 

 of pur ordinary winters ; but fevcre froft will fo.mc- 

 times deflroy them. 



The fourth fort grows natyraliy in Carolina, and fome 

 other parts of North America-, it riles with a lig- 

 neous ft:alk fix or fcven feet hicrh, p-arnifhed with Ions: 

 fpear-ffiaped leaves, which are hoary on their under 

 fide, having a difagreeable fcent v/hcn handled -^ the 

 fl:alks are terminated by loofe umbels of flowers, 

 which appear late in the autumn, fo are not fucceeded 

 by feeds in this country. 



It may be propagated by cuttings, which fliould be 

 planted toward the end of May, vhich if fliaded and 

 duly watered will put out roots in two months-, when 

 they fliould be potted, that they may be flickered 

 under a frame in winter. 



BACCIFEROUS [Baccifer, L^/. of Bacca, a Berry, 



'and fero, to bear] is an epithet apj^lied to trecs^ 



flirubs, or plants, that bear berries, as Briony, Lily 



of the Valley, Afparagus, Butchers Broom, Nigfit- 



flnadc, Solomon's Seal, and many others. 



B ALA U S T I A. See Punica. 



B A L A U S T I U M is the cup of the fiov/er of .the 

 wild Pomegranate. 



B A L L O T E [E^tXAccMr!, Gr:"^ Black Horehound. 

 Tliis is a common weed, growing on the iidcs of 



bar:i:s in moftpcirts of England, lb is fcldom allowed ■ 

 a place in gardens ; there are two varieties oi it, one 

 with a white, and the other a j:jurple flower. As thefe 

 are not .cultivated, I fliall not trouble the i;eader witl^ 

 a farther deicription of them. . 



BALM. See Melissa. 



B A L S A M I N A. The female B-ilirtmlne. See L:- 



PATIENS. 



B A L S A M I T A. See Tanacetum. 



B A M T A M O S C H A T A. See Hi ej sous. 





the brandies in a clofc fpike, confiiling of female and 1 B A N A N A. See Musa. 



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