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mifgurt of the Jlarnina^' cro'wned hy a 



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7*^Vj 'V a moift ftiff foil, in which they will thrive better tfiart 



in rich ground. *The beft time to tranfplant arid fe- 



vermn afterward becomes four naked oval feeds, M^edml in rich ground. ^.1 he belt time to tranlplant and le- 



This genus of plants is ranged intHe'firft fe£tioh of 

 Linna^^us's twelfth clafs," intkled Didynamia Gym-^ 

 ndfpermia, the flower having two long^ffnd two fliorcer 

 flamina, which are fucceeded by naked feeds. ■ ; ' ' [ 



. The Species are, '' ' '\ -r X^-r:'/' -^^ ■'"■ ' > 



1. Betoxica {Officinalis) fpica intemipta/' corollarum 

 lacinia labii intermedia emarglnata. Flor. Leyd. Prod. 



',316. Betony with an interrupted fpike, and the middle 

 fegment of the lower lip of the flower indented at the end. 

 Betonica purpurea. C. B. P. 235.' Purple cr Wood 



2. Beto.vica {Danica) foliis radicalibus ovato-cordatis, 

 caulinis lanceolatis obtufis fpica craffiore. Belony whofe 

 under leaves 'are hem-t-Jhaped^ thofe on the ftalks fpear- 

 Jhaped and chtufe^ and a thicker fpike of flowers. Beto- 

 nica major Danica. Park. Theat. 615. Mor. Hift. 3. 



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Betonica (Alpina) foliis trianp^ularibus obtufis fpica 

 breviore. Betony with ohtufe triangular leaves^ and a 

 Jhorter fpike of flowers, Betonica'^'minimia 'Alpina Hel- 

 vetica. Park, Theat. 650. 



\Betonica {Orientalis) fpica Integra, corbllarum la- 

 cinia labii intermedia integ^rrirha. Flon iLeyd. Prod. 

 ■ ^316. Betony with a whole fpikel and the middle fegment 

 of the lower lip entire, Betonica Orientalis anguftiffimo 

 & longiffimo folio, fpica florum^crafTiori. Tourn.' 



"■ Corel. I3^';''V;*'';\-'' -'"'^-''' •, :"-S:^'^f- ■ /" ' '-^ \'.\ [' 



5. Betoxica! (Tncana) foliis lanceolatis obtufis incanis 

 fpica florurti craitiori.' Betcnywilh ob'tufe, fpear-fhdped., 



Betonica 



'• 



This 



V 



■■ - hcary' leaves, aM a thicker fpike of fl^owers. 

 ^ : Italica incana flore carneo. Barrel. Icon. 340^• 

 :, The firft fort grows naturally in woods and on fhady 

 vr banl^s in' moft parts of England, fo is feldom cul- 

 -" tivaied in gardens. This is the fort which is ufed in 

 V medicine, and is greatly efteemed as a vulnerary herb. 

 There is a variety of this with a white flower, which 

 ""' I have often found growing naturally in Kent. 



- ' The fecond fort grows naturally in Denmark. 



diff^ers "greatly from bur common fort, the lower 



. ■ leaves being much broader and heart-fliaped ; thofe 



upon the ftalks are fpear-llaaped and rounded at the 



end, dnd the ftalks are larger, ftand upright,' and are 



terminated bv thicker fpikes of flowers. Thefe diffe- 



'• rences are conftant, for I have many years propagated 



* them by feeds, and have never found the plants fo 



Taifed to vary. - ' • ' " ■ - ■■ ■ ' 



The third fort grows naturally upon the Alps, where 



it feldom rifes more than four inches high \ and when 



^■-. cultivated in a p;arden, not above feven or eiffht. The 



leaves of this are much broader at the bafe than thofe 



of the common fort, and are very difi^erent in their 



fliape, being triangular and blunt at the end. The 



, flowers grow in very ftiort clofe fpikes, on the top 



of the ftalks. Thefe differences conftantly hold in 



- the plants raifed from feeds. ' ''"-'- , ■ 



i . The fourth fort was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort in 

 the Levant. The leaves" of this are very long, narrow, 

 and hairy, and are neatly crenated on their edges. 

 ; The flowers grow In very clofe thick fpikes at the top 

 of the ftalks, which are larger, and of a lighter pur- 

 ple colour than thofe of the common fort. 



■ 1 



be fqwn in the fpring upon, a fliady border, and when 

 the plants come up, they will require no other care 

 but to Keep them' clean frorh weeas, and to thin them 



;.M^ %,.' 



See Ver-ONica. 



^ .'^-r^- 



r-.t^it^'f 



The fifth fortgrov/s naturally in Italy, upon the hills, 

 from whence I received the feeds. The leaves of 

 this fort are broader, and not fo long as thofe of the 

 common fort, and are hoary; the ftalks are fhorter 



and much thicker, as are alio the fpikes of flowers, 

 than thofe of the common, and the flowers are larger 

 and of a fiefli colour. This fort conftantly keeps the 

 fame from feeds. ' t ' ' t. ^ -. - , 



There is another fort "which Tournefort and others 

 mention, by the dtle of Betonica rubicundifllmo flore 

 monris aurei ^ which differs but little from the fifth, 

 except in the colour of the flower, fo I doubt of its 

 being fpecifically different from that. . . 

 AH the forts are perennial plants, which may be pro- 

 pa ated by feeds, or jarting of their roots. They 



are all very hardy, but require a fhady fituation ^nd 



^ where they are too clofe, /; 



Thefe all of them flower m May and June, and tlie 

 feeds ripeji in Auguft. * '- \ - v-- ■ . / \ 



BETONICA' AQJUAT ICA.' See Scr9piju- 



LARIA. . - ' ' ■■ ■ -^ -^ ■- . . ■ . 



BETONICA PAULI. 

 B E T U L A, the Birch-tree. 

 The Characters are, ' 



■ It hath male and' female fiowers,^ at fepardie'diflances on 

 \ the fame treey the male flowers are collected in a cylin- 

 drical katkin, which is fcaly, loofe, and imbricated on 

 :; every fide, each fc ale having three fiowers, which have 

 ' \Jwo minute fcales on the fide, ■ 'The flower is compofcd of 

 three eqiial florets, fixed to the empalement by afiinglefcale\ 

 ; . each fioret is of one leaf, divided into flour oval figments 

 ' which fpread open-y thefe have four fimall ft amina, crown id 

 by double fummits. The female fl.owers grow in a katkin, 

 in the fame manner as the male. ' The common katkin is 

 imbricated, having three fcales which are Everyway op- 

 pofiite, faficned to the central firing or axis, having two 

 . heart fhaped flowers pointing toward the apex, where it is 

 fituated. They have no vifible petals, but a fijcrt oval 

 germen, fupporting two hriftly fiyles',':%vhich are the length 

 of the fcales of the empalement, and crowned with a plain 

 •' fiigma,' 'It hath no fericarptum, but the feeds are iur 

 ■-iludcd in the fcales of the katkin, which ari oval and 



winged, . \ ■ _^ ■ .. ■■ '- ■. ^- ' r 



This genus of plants Ts ranged in the fourth feftioa 

 . of Linnseus's twenty-firft clafs, intitled Monoecia Te- 

 trandia, there being male and female flowers on the 

 fame plant, and the male having four ftamina. 



r I 



The Species are. 



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1. Betula {Alba) foliis ovatis acuminatis ferratis. Hort, 



-'. Cliff. 442. Birch-tree with oval Jawed leaves ending i-a 

 ' points; the common Birch-tree, "y- :^^^' -:..■■ .■"-''■'-. , 



2. Betula {Nana) foliis orbiculatis. Flor Lap. 266, 

 Birch-tree with round crenated leaves, ' Betula pumila 

 foliis fubrotundis. Amman. Dwarf Birch A*': y'- 



3. Betula {Lenta) foliis cordatis oblongis acuminatis 

 - ferratis. Lin. Sp, Plant, 983. Birch-treey with oblong, 



pointed, heart-fhaped, flawed leaves^ ■' "■ ■■ '/^ //%;'■ 

 4; Betula (Nigra) foliis rhombeo-ovatis acurninatis du- 

 plicato-ferratis. Lin. Sp. Pfant. 982. Birch-tree zviih 

 7'homboid, oval, pointed leaves, which are doubly flawed, 

 Betula nigra Virginiana. Pluk. Aim, 6^, Black Vir- 

 ginia Birch-tree, ' ■ ' " ' / '- ■ - " ■ ■ . 

 The firft is the common Birch-tree, which is fo well 

 known as to need no defcription. ■ This is not much 

 • efteemed for its wood, but however it may be culti- 

 vated to advantage upon barren land, where better 

 ■ trees will not thrive ; for there Is no ground fo bad, 

 but this tree will thrive in it -, for it will grow in moift 

 fpringy land, 'or in dry gravel or fand, where there 

 is little furface : fo that upon ground which produced 

 nothing but mofs^ thefe trees have fucceeded fo well, 

 to be fit to cut in ten years after planting, when 

 they have been fold for near 10 1. per acre ftanding, 

 and the after produce has been confiderably increafed. 

 And as many of the woods near London, which were 

 chiefly ftocked with thefe trees, have been of late 

 years grubbed up, fo the Value of thefe plantations 

 have advanced in proportion. Therefore thofe pcr- 

 fons who are poffeflTed of fuchpoor land, cannot 

 employ it better, than by planting it with thefe trees, 

 efpecially as the cxpence of doing it is not great. 

 The beft method to cultivate this tree, is to furniflx 

 yourfclf with young plants from the woods where 

 they naturally gro\y, and are generally found there in 

 great plenty ; but, in places where there are no young 

 plants to be procured near, they" may be raifed from 

 feeds, which ftiould be carefully gathered in the au- 

 tumn, as foon as the fcales under which they are lodg- 

 ed begin to open, otherwife they will foon fall out and 



be loft; the feeds are fmall, fo fhould not be buried 



deep 



as 



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