u 



fix feet high, garniftled at each joint with two ob- 

 lon^>- heart-ihaped leaves placed oppofite, which have 

 three longitudinal veins, the bale on one fide being 

 fnorter than the other. The flowers come out at the 

 extreniity of the branches, having a leafy empale- 

 ment ^ they are radiated, of a bright yellow colour, 

 rcfembling a fmall Sun-uower, from whence the in- 

 habitants of America have given it that appellation. 

 Ic flowers in Augufl, and when the autumns prove 

 favourable, the feeds will ripen in England ; but as 

 propagates eaflly by parting the roots, there are 



v.>v%. 



It 



few perlbns who are folicitous about the feed. 

 belt time to tranfplant and part the roots, is toward 

 the end of October, when the flialks begin to decay. 

 Thefe fhould be removed every other year, to pre- 

 vent their fj^reading too far ; they are very hardy, fo 

 will thrive in any lituation : bur as the roots are apt 

 to extend, they are not proper for the borders of 

 fmall flower-gardens j but in large borders, on the 

 fides of rural walks, or in fpaces between Ihrubs, 

 they will be ornamental during their feafon of flow- 



root 



hairy, are placed alternate, 



bl 



unt, 

 clofe 



an 



d 



enng. 



their leaves, which are oblonr, 



grov/ing cioie to ti^e 

 branches without any foot-ftalks ; the leaves of the 

 empalement of the fifth fort end in a very fnarp fpine, 

 and are much broader at their bafe than either of the 

 other. The flowers of all thefe have much the ap- 

 pearance of thofe of the laft, but fome are fm^illJr, 

 and thofe of the feventh fort have an aQ-reeable odour. 

 They flower at the fame feafon, and are propa<^ated 

 in the fame manner. 



The fixth fort is a low perennial plant with a flirubby 

 ftalk, which rarely rifes a foot high, fending our. 

 many Ipreading branches from the fl:cm, garniflied 

 with hairy leaves, which are narrow at tlieir bafe, bur 

 broad and roundifli at their extremity ^ the flowers 

 are produced at the end of the branches, they are 

 yellow, and fliaped like thofe of the former fores, 

 but the leaves of the empalement arc foft and obtufe. 

 Thefe are feldom fucceeded by feeds in England, but 

 the plant is eafily propagated by flips during the fum- 

 mer feafon ; if the cuttings are planted in a bed of 

 freih loamy earth, and covered with a hand-glafs, ob- 

 ferving to fliade them from the fun in the heat of the 

 day, ^nd frequently refreflied with water, they will 



Hie fecond fort grows naturally on the Alps, as alfo 

 in Aufl:ria, Italy, and the fouth of France. This 



hath a perennial root, and an annual fl:alk •, it grows I take root in about iix weeks, when they fliould be 

 near two feet high, with flender branching ftalks, | carefully taken up, and each planted in a feparatc 

 garniflied with oblong fmooth leaves ending in a 

 point ; the flowers grow at the extremity of the 

 bi'anches, which are of a bright yellow colour, ra- 

 diated round their borders like thofe of the Starwort. 

 It flowers in June and July, and the feeds ripen in 

 autumn. There are two or three varieties of this, 

 dilferinf^- in the breadth of their leaves and fize of their 



flowers, but from the fame feeds all thefe have been 

 produced. 



This fort is generally propagated by parting the roots, 

 which may be performed at the fame time, and in 

 the fame manner as is directed for the firfl: fort. As 

 this doth not fpread fo much as the former, a few 

 roots may be allowed room in the borders of the 

 flower-garden, efpecially thofe which have little fun, 

 where thefe will continue a long time in flower. 

 The third fort is fomewhat like the fecond, but the 

 leaves are broader and obtufe ; the fl:alks and leaves 

 arc alfo hairy, in which confiflis their difference. This 

 flowers at the fame time with the former, and is pro- 

 pagated in the fame manner. 



; the 

 ftalks divide into many branches upward ; the fide 

 branches rife much above the middle fl:alk, garniflied 

 with fpear-fliaped hairy leaves, placed alternately ; 

 the flowers are produced at the forks of the branches 

 on fliort foot-ftalks ; the empalement confifts of feven 



The fourth fort rifes a foot and a half high 



long, ftifi', fpear-fliaped leaves, 



ending 



ma fliarp 

 point i thefe fpread out beyond the rays of the flower 

 in form of a ftar. The flower fits clofe upon the em- 

 palement, the border or rays being compofed of 

 many female florets, which have one fide ftretched 

 out like a tongue, and indented at the end in three 

 parts ; the middle or diik: of the flower is compofed 

 of hermaplirodite flowers, which are tubulous, fun- 

 nel-fhapcd, and flightly indented in five parts at the 

 brim ; they are of a bright yellow colour, and arc fuc- 

 ceeded by oblong compreflTed feeds. The plants 

 flower in June and July, and their feeds ripen in Sep- 

 tember, foon after which the plants decay. 

 The feeds of this fliould be fov/n the beginning- of 

 April, on open borders, where they are to remain, 

 and will require no other care, but to keep them clear 

 of weeds, and thin them to the diftance of a foot and 

 a half, that their branches may have room to fpread. 

 If the feeds are fown in the autumn, or are permitted 

 to fall when ripe, the plants will come up foon after, 

 and thefe will more certainly ripen feeds than the 

 fpring plants. 



The fitth and feventh forts are alfo annual plants, 

 which grow naturally in the fame countries with the 

 laft. Thefe feldom g ow more than one foot high in 

 gardens and where ti^ey are wild not fo high, but 



iciid out many fpreading alternate bra^jches near the 



frnall pot filled with frefli undunged earth, and placed 

 in a Ihady fituation till they have taken frcfli root 5 

 after which they may be removed to a flickered fitu- 

 ation, where tliey may remain till the end of Oftober, 

 .when they muft be removed to a frame for the winter 

 feafon, being too tender to live abroad in v/inter in 

 this country ; but as they only require proteftion 

 from hard frofts, they will thrive better when thev 

 ave a great Iliare of air in mild weather, than if 

 confined in a green-houfe : therefore the beft method 

 is to place them in a common frame, where they may 

 be fully expofed in mild weather, but fcreened from 

 the froft. This fort grows naturally in Sicily. Ic 

 flowers great part of the year, which renders it the 

 more valuable. 



The eighth fort rifes with feveral woody ftems from 

 the root, which grow to the height of eight or tea 

 feet, garniflied with leaves very unequal in fize, fome 

 ■ of which are narrow and long, others are broad and 

 obtufe ; thefe are intermixed, fometimes coming out 

 at the fame joint, and often at the intermediate one-, 

 they are foft, hoary, and placed oppofite. The foot- 

 ftalks of the larger leaves have, on their upper fide, 

 near their bafe, tv/o fliarp teeth ftanding upward, and 

 a little higher there are generally two or three more, 

 growing on the edge of the leaves. The flowers are 

 produced at the ends of the branches fingle ^ thefe 

 are of a pale yellow colour, and have fcaly empale- 

 ments. It grows naturally in America. I received 

 ' "another fort of this from the Havannah, whicli was 

 ' found growing naturally there by Dr. Houftoun, who 

 fent it by the following title, Chryfanthemum fruti- 

 cofum maritimum, foliis glaucis oblongis, flore lu- 

 teo. Sloan. Elift. Jam. i. p. 125. The leaves of this 

 are fliorter and thicker than thofe of the tenth forr, 

 and have* no teeth on their foot-ftalks, but in other 

 refpefts are very like it" ; the plants arc not fo hai'dy. 

 The eighth has been long preferved in the Englifli 

 gardens, and was originally brought from Virginia, 

 as I was informed by the Bifliop of London's gar- 

 dener, who raifed it in 1696 atFulham. 

 The ninth fort grows naturally in the Bahama Iflands, 

 from whence I have feveral tiir^es received the feeds. 

 This feldom grows' much more than three feet hio-h, 

 fending out many ftalks from the root, which are 

 fucculent, except near the root, where they are lig- 

 neous, garniflied with thick, fucculent, fpear-fhaped 

 leaves placed oppofite ; the flo\yers are produced at 



the end of the branches upon foot-ftalks which are 



two inches long. 



Thefe flowers are larger thanthol 



■^ 



of the eighth fort, of a bright yellow colour. They 

 appear in July, Auguft, and September, but often 

 continue till the end of October. 



S s 



The 



