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8^ Cai^ndula {Fruticdfa) fojiis .pbovatis JuMent^tis, 

 oaiile rruuc;9.(9rAni^:n- Acad. '5. p. 25.' Marigold 

 ^iitfi civerfey ova\ indented leaves^ and a Jhruhly Jtalk^ 



■^. Calendula (Decuwhrn) foVns oppoCiti^ ipl^n^]f\dh 



.i;ylisnud;s. M^irilpU^iiith rou^h pnji^Jifid lea^^^ 

 inglppjiie^ 'wlict aire \vhite' on their 'im^ ^fiil- 



:' \{ng hamhes, and haled fcfi^fiaMC^^^ 



\ ^^^olii^laGiniads flore lutep. Houft. ,MSS. ]. • ''.\^ 

 16.' Calendula ('Jmencamycmh cixao rui-ioib^ fpjiis 

 } oblohgisopporifisTirfutrs, floribus lateraJibus. [Ma- 

 ' :rigold wilb ^<i$ u^rtgbj brancbijig Jiajk^ oUong hairy 

 leaves growing cppojue^ and ^lowers j^'oeeeding from the 

 ■ /idesoftbeJialL . ..Caltha Airicricanij cfe^Sa, & hi^%a, 

 , fi6r:c,paryd pchroieqca Houft. MSS, . 



The firfl Tort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 

 ^..SpalnV antl'ltal^^ it' rifes with a {leader branching 

 \ ilallc," ,>vKich Ipf ^acjs near the around, and is garnilh- 

 . .gd .yith narrow, ipear-fliaped, hairy leaves, which 

 I'alf furround the ftalk at' their bafe ; 'the flowcrs are 



cr 



.;,.^i)oduced"Wt the extremity of the branches upon Ion 



' najced foot-Il;iIks. They are Very fmall, and of a 



pale yellow colour -, the rays are very narrow, as are 



, alfo tJie leaves of the empalement.-' Tije feeds are 



and on tjieir oytfide armed with 



'long, narrow, 



..prickles. The root is annual, and periflies foon after 



"^ 'the feeds are r"ipe. If the fe'eds pf this plant are per- 



. niitted to fcatter, there w^i be a frelh fupply of 



young plant's :'fo that from May, ''when the flowers 



M appear,' till the Yrbft puts a ftop to them, there 



wi^l bp .a fucceffion of plants in flower. There are 



i feveral botanifls who fuppole the con^mon Marigold, 



J,' which is* cultivated in gardens, to be only a variety 



.'^ of this, arifing froqj culture i but T have cultivated 



.//this in the garden' more than forty' years, without 



^ ^n^ing "the leaft' "alteration in it^ therefore c;^wot 



\' 



r 



doubt .of if? being ^ diftinft fpeciq^s. 



The fecond fort f gathered in the garden atLeyden, 

 where it had been Teveral yearscultivated without al- 

 tering-, the leaves of this fort ^efrqopth, andp^uch 

 larger than thofeof the former,"" but' not fo large as 

 thofe of the common Marigold ; *the flowers are alfo 

 of a middle fize between them, juid are of ^^ very pale 

 yellow colour. This is alfo an annual piant. If the 

 feeds arc permitted to fcatter, there will be a cohltant 



-- ; - 



/ 



fwj '*'A ■»'- J^P * m ^ '•^ - ' i_--^wta|F-F-F ^ r- — X 



utiply of young plants come up. 



The third fort is the Gomrnqn Marigold, which is 



culjuvatcd for ufe in the gardens -, this is fo well 



Icnov/n, as 'to require no' defcriptlon. Of this there 



are the follnwins varieties ; thp common finde ; die 

 double fio\yc;*ingi the largelt very double flower^ the 

 3oubIe Lemon-Coloured flower; the greater' and 

 Tmallcr childino; Marif^old, 



Thde varieties are fuppofed to have been originally 

 obtained from tlie feeds of the common Marigold, but 

 mpflof thefe dij^er^ nccs cohtirjue, if tlie feeds are pro- 

 perly faved ; nor have I ever obferved the common 

 fort approaching to either of thefe, where they have 



.been long cultivatea m the greateft plenty ; but as 

 the two childing Mangolds, and the lar^eft double, 

 are lubject to degenerate, where care is no^ taken in 

 Taving their feeds, I conclude they are not diftinft 

 fpecies.^ The befl: way to preferve thefe varieties, is 

 to pull up all thofe plants, whofe flowers are lefs dou- 

 ble, as foon" as they* appear, that they may not im- 

 pregnate the others \v^th tlif ir farina, and fave the 

 leeds from t"he largeft and mbft double flowers •, ^d 

 the childing fort fliould be fown by itfelf in a feparate 

 part of the garden, and the feeds faved from the large 

 center flowers only, not from the fmall on^s which 

 come frorh the empalemerit 6f^ the bthef^ for the feeds 

 ' of thefe are apt to change. * '.' '" ' * 



The feeds of thefe may be fown in March or AnriL 

 where the plants are to remain, and will require no 

 other culture but to keep tTiem clearfTroin weeds, 

 and to thin the plants whcrp they are too clofe, leav- 

 ing tliem tenlnches afunder, that their branches n^ay 

 have room 'to fpread. Tlicft plants wiirbegin to 

 flower in June, and continue in flower until the frofl: 

 Icills them. ," The feeds ripen in Augufl: an4 Sepcem- 



A 



J^ "t 



ber, which, if permitted to fcatter, will furnifh a 

 fupply of young plants m the Ipring ; but as thefe. - 

 will be a mixture of bad and good,' the befl: method "Is 

 .to fayethe befl: feeds, ai^d,fpw <rach of the varieties' 

 difl:in6l:, which is the fure way to liave them in per* 

 feclion. The flowers of the common Marigold are 

 ■Vied in the kitchen. 



The fourth fort growsn^turally at the Cape of Good 

 Hope. ,'This plant is annual, and periflies foon after 

 the leeds are perfected. . ', ; , / 



The lower leaver are oblong, fpear-fliaped, and 



deeply indented on their edges-, they are fleniy, and 

 of a pale green colour. The ftalks are produced on 

 every fide the root, which decline toward the ground, 

 and ^re fro^ fix to eight inches long, garniftied with 

 leaves from the bottom'j to within two inches of the 

 topV The leaves on the 'ftalks are much narrower, 

 &nd m9^e inden^^d ,t^i,^n jhqfe at ^le root. The up- 

 per part oiF tlie ftalk is very flender, upon which 

 refl:s one flower, fliapeH like thofe of the common 

 Marigold, having a purple ,b,ottQni ; ^jid the rays 

 (or border) of the flower are of a Violet-colour on 

 their outfide, and of a pure white withm ; thele open 

 when the fun fliines, butfliut up in thp Evening, and 

 rerpain fp in cloudy weather. When the flower de- 

 cays, the pedicle (or foqt-ftalk) becomes weak, and 

 the head hangs down* during the formation and 

 growth of the feeds i but wlien they are fully ripe. 



the foot-ftalk raifes itfelf again, and the heads of the 

 leeds frand upright. ; 



The fifth fort is g. nf^tiye pf the Cape of Good Hope. 

 This is alfo an annual plant, and has much the ap- 

 pearance 'of the former, but the leaves are more 

 deeply indebted pn thfir edges;, the fl:alks grow 

 about the fame length as the former ; the flower is a 

 little fmallcr, and the outfide of the rays are of a 



fainter purple colour,? The feeds of this are flat and 

 heart-fliaped, but t"hofe of the former' are Ions and 



narrow. 



:\ 



«- - 



* ■ 



# 



The fixth fort wa? brpught from the fame country 

 witli the two former, and i; ' 



the leaves or this are much lo 



,^p an mp' 



er than thole o 





iijf the former forts, anci Broat 

 regularly indented near the root, but thoft on the 

 fl;alks have but few and fliallow indentures. The 

 fl^lks of this fort are much longer and thicker than 

 jJoof? of fJhe former ; and' at the top, jufl; below the 

 flower, fwell larger than at the bottom ; the flower is 

 fmaller than thofe of the otiaer forts, but is of the fame 

 colour. Thefe plants flower in June, July, and Au- 

 gufl:, and their feeds ripen about fix weeks after , fo 

 that they mufl: be gatherecl at different times as they 

 come to maturity. 



The feeds of thefe plants fhould be fown in the 

 ipring in the borders of the ggirden where the plants 

 are ciefigned to remain, for they do not bear tranf- 

 pjanting "well j therefore they may be treated in the 



fame manner, and fo^yn at thp f^me time, with Candy 

 Tuft, Venus Lopking Glafs, and other hardy annual 

 plants, putting four or five feeds in each patch ; if 

 they aU grow, there ftaould not be more than two 

 plants left in each patch : after this, they require no 

 farther care but to keep them clean from weeds. If 

 the feeds of thefe plants are permitted to fcatter, the 

 plants will come up the following fpring without care, 

 and thefe will flower earlier than thofe which are fown 

 in the fpring. \ 



Thp feventh fort is alfo a native of the fame coun- 

 try. This is a perennial plant, which divides near the 

 root into fcveral tufted heads, which are clofely co- 

 vered with long grafly leaves coming out on every 

 fide without order j fome of thefe have one or two in- 



dentures on their edges, but the mofl: part are entire. 



From between the leaves arife naked foot-flalks 

 about nine inches long, fuftaining one flower at tlie 

 top, v/hich is about the fize of the common Mari- 

 gold, having a purple bottom ; the rays are alfo pur- 

 ple without, but of a pure white within. Thefe expand 

 when the fun flnnes, but always clpfe in the evening, 

 and in cloudy weather. The general feafon of their 



beauty 



