R 



\ 



' rife to the height of eight or ten feet, but in England 



. ' they feldom are much above half fo high ; they fend 



' -; out many fide branches, which fpread to 4 confidera- 



■ ' ' ble' diftance every way, and, if permitted, will 



• fallen thcmfelves to the plants which are near them 



, by their fmall tendrils, and thereby fpread over 



, them. r ^ 1 



; They are annual, and perifh foon after they have per- 



• V • fefted their feeds, and being natives of hot countries, 



" they will not thrive in England in the open air. They 



are propagated by feeds, which fhould be fown upon 



.; a hot-bed in the fpring ^ and when the plants are two 



. inches high, they iliould be each tranfplanted into a 



\ pot filled with light landy earth, not too rich, then 



' plunged into a very moderate hot-bed, where they 



,/ : / mufl be carefully fhaded until they have taken frelh 



N root ; after which they mufl liave a large Ihare of air 



r.'^ admitted to them, to prevent their being drawn up 



tall and weak ; and when their roots have filled the 



^; :■ pots, they fhould be carefully fhaken out, preferving 



' . , all the earth to their roots (for if that fhould fall off, 



the plants will not furvive it i) then put them into pots 

 ■; /;:'^ a little larger, filling them up with the fame light 

 "earth, and place them either under a deep frame, or 

 behind the plants in the flove, where they may be 

 fcreened from the fun till they are well fettled in the 

 pots i after which they may be removed into a glafs- 

 cafe, where they may have room to grow and be 

 fcreened from the cold of the nights, but in warm 



w « 



c 



5. Cap.duus {Cirfatm) foliis lanceoktis dccurrentlkia 

 denticulis inermibus, calyce fpinolb. Hort. Cliff. 39 

 Thifile iviih fpear-JJocped leaves running along the Jhal . 

 with fmocth indentures, and a prickly enfalemcnt . Cir- 



fium Angiicum. Ger. Emac. 11^2/ En^-U;h fsft cr 



gentle 'i hiJil-3. 



6. Carduus {Cafahon^) foliis feffilibus knceolatis intc- 



gerrimif: fubtus tomentofis, margine Ipjnis tcrnatis- 

 Hort. Cliff. 393. 1'BiJl-le with entire fpear-flj aped kiiva 



growing clofc to the ftalks^ whofe borders are jet with trink 

 fpines. Acarna Theophrafti anguillara:;. Lob. Icon. 

 486. "The fuppofed true Fiji Thiftle ofThccphrofuis. 

 There are a great number of fpecies more than art: 

 here enumerated, fome of which are very trcublefoiiic 

 weeds in the gardens and fields, therefore are better 

 to be kept out of both ; fo I thought it necdleis to 

 mention them here. The few forts v/hich I have here 

 enumerated, being often prefer\^ed in the gardens of 

 the curious for the fake of variety, or cultivated 





for ufe by fome perfons, therefore chofe not to omi 

 them. 



The firft fort grows naturally in Sicily, This is an an- 

 nual plant, which rifes with a channelled ftem about a 

 foot and a half high, fending out feveral fide branches 

 toward the tpp, garnifiied with long narrow leaves like 

 thofe of the Aullrian Ptarmica, which are of a deep 

 green above, but white on their under fide, placed al- 

 ternate ; iufl below the foot-ftalk of the leaf come out 



^^^ 



feveral unequal yellow fpines, and at the endoftht 

 weather they will require a large fliare of air; with I branches the flowers are produced , thcfe have very 



7\ 



feeds will ripen in autumn. 



July 



> * 



1 ^ 



CARDUUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 832. Thiftle, in 

 French, Chardcn, 



The Characters are, 



~ It bath a compound flower made up of many hermaphro- 

 dite florets^ which are fruitful \ thefe are jnckded in one 

 €07mnon fcaly empalement^ which is fwollen in the middle^ 



, each fcale ending in a fharp fpine*-, the florets are funnel- 

 floapcdy of one leaf having aflender tuhe^ with an ere 51 

 bvint^ cut into five narrow fegments \ each of thefe florets 



have five fhort hairy ftamina^ terminated b) 

 mitSy which are indented at the top. In t 

 ated an oval germen^ crowned with dow 

 Jlender ftyle^ which is longer than the ft. 



fupp 



fit 



with afingky naked^ indented ftigma, 'The germcn after- 



-. ward becomes an oblong four-cornered feed^ crowned with 



r * iown^ andinclofed by the empaleraent, 



, . . This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl fe6lion of 



' f Linn^us's nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Poly- 



■ '.;' gamia aequalis v the flowers of this dais have their 



; h: ^mmits connected into a cylindrical tube, but the 



; ^ ftamina are feparate, and thofe of this feftion have 



only hermaphrodite fruitful flowers. 



1. Carduus {Ptarmicifolia) foliis integris fubtus tomen- 

 ;-^_j;fis,_ fpinis ramofis lateralibus. Prod. Leyd. 133. 

 'A.:.-. Thiftle with entire leaves^ woolly on their under fide^ and 

 ''.-hanching fpines proceeding from the fide of the ftalks. 

 -:: ;- Carduus humilis aculeatus, Ptarmica; Aufl:riaca£ foliis. 



-- Triumf obf 96. • 



2. Carduus [Eriophorus) foliis feflilibusbifariam pinna- 

 tifidis laciniis alternis ereftis, calycibus globofis vil- 



' ' * 



Thiftl 



^S 



MlP theftalkSy which are doubly pinnated^ the fegrae fits 



ere£fy and globular woolly heads. Carduus 

 erioceplulus. Dod.Pempt. 723. Woolly-headedrhiftle, 

 -> . iolki by fome Friars Crown. 



3. Carduus {Acarna) foliis lanceolatis dentatis ciliatis 



* - decurrentibus, fpinis marginalibus duplicibus. Thiftle 



■■ *'Mh fpear-fiaped indented leaves ru?ming along the ftalks^ 



:.,; "mth hairy edges, and the fpines double on their borders. 



; Acarna major caulefoliofo. C.B.P.379. GreaterFifto 

 - , Thiftle. 



4* Carduus {Marianus) foliis amplexicaulibus haftato- 

 = pinnatifidis fpinofis, calycibus aphyllis, fpinis canali- 

 . ^ulatisduplicato-fpinofis. Gouan. Monfp. 422. Thiftle 

 ■ ""^^^^ prickly leaves embracing the ftalks, ernpalements with- 

 out leaves, and doubly armed with channelled fpines. Car- 



, - duus^Mariae. Dalech, Hift. 1475. Our Ladies Thiftle, 

 I ^^ or Milk Thiftle. ■ ^/o ^ J ^ 



prickly ernpalements, under which are placed two 

 long leaves •, the flowers are purple, and fiiaped like 

 thofe of the common Thiftle, but are fmaller ; thefe 

 arc fucceeded by oblong fmooth feeds, which have a 

 long woolly down fitting on their top. This fort 

 flowers in July and Augufl-, and the feeds ripen in 

 September. It is propagated by feeds, v/hich iTiould 

 be fown on a bed of light earth in the fpring where 

 the plants are to remain, for they do not bear tranf- 

 planting, unlefs it is performed when they are very 

 young ; for they fend long flender roots deep into the 

 ground, which, if broken, the plant feldom furvives 

 it. The only care they will require, is to keep them 

 clean from weeds, and thin the plants where they are 

 too clofe. 



The fecond fort grows naturally in feveral of the mid- 

 land counties of England. This is a biennial plant, 

 which fends out many long leaves near the ground, 

 having leveral long fegments, placed alternate, v/hich 

 are joined to a winged border running on each fide 

 the mid-rib the whole length ; thefe fcgmcnta point 

 upward; the under fide of the leaves, and the mar- 

 gin of the midrib, are armed with long fharp fpines. 

 Handing every way. The following fpring, there arifes 

 from the center of the plant one ftrong channelled 

 ftalk, four or five feet high, branching every way 

 toward the top : the ftalk and branch 

 w^ith the fame fiiaped leaves as below, and each brand 

 is terminated by a fingle head of purple flowers, hav- 

 ing a woolly empalement. ■ This flov/ers in June 

 and July, and the feeds ripen in the auannn. One 

 or two of thefe plants may be al!6v/ed a place in 

 fome abjeft part of the garden, for its uagulanty 



^o a 



re garniflied 



Snain and For- ■ 



the 



lc:';.ves are 





The feeds of this plant fiiould be fown where the 

 plants are to remain, and will require no other care 

 but to keep them clean from weeds. The fecond 

 year they will flower, and then the whole plant 

 periflies. 



The third fort grov^rs naturally in 

 tugal. This riles fix feet high ; 

 long, narrow, and the edges are fet clofely with 

 fmall hairs ; at every indenture of the leaves there 

 comes out two long yellowifh fpines -, at tlie end 

 of the branches the flowers are produced from the 

 fide of the ftalk, which have woolly oval ernpale- 

 ments, clofely armed with flender fpines. Tiie flow- 

 ers are yellov/, but make no great appearance, as they 

 advance very little above the empalement. It uov/ers 

 in July and Auguft, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 

 This plant may be propagated by feeds in the fame 



B b b ma;Uier 



h 1 



