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minner liS the former fore. It is called Fifli Thiftle, 

 from the rcfemblance which the fpines have to the 



bones of fifli. 



I'he fourth fort grows very common on the fide of 

 banks, and in wade land in many parts of England, 

 and is by feme perfons blanched anddreffed as a cu- 

 rious difli. Hiis is a biennial plant, which Ihould 

 be fown very thin, and when the plants are come up 

 lb as to be well didinguilhed, the ground Ihould be 

 lioed, to cut down all the young weeds, and the plants 

 left about a foot and a half diftance ; and the following 

 fummcr die ground ihould be kept clean from weeds. 

 In the autumn the leaves of the plants Ihould be tied 

 up, and the earth drawn up clofe to blanch them ; 

 \vhen they are properly whitened, they will be fit for 

 ufe. This is a biennial plant, which perifhes foon 

 after the feeds are ripe. 



The fifth fort is a biennial plant, which is by feme 

 cultivated for medicinal ufe, and has been fuppofed 

 a remedy for fome fort of madnefs. This may be 

 propagated by feeds in the fame manner as the fecond 

 Ibrt. It grows naturally in the northern parts of 

 England, and flowers in June. . 

 The fixth fort is fuppofed to be the true Fifh Thilllc 

 of Theophraftus. This is a biennial plant, which 

 rifcs with an upright ftalk fix feet high, garnifhed 

 with long fpear-fliaped leaves, armed with triple 

 fpines at ever/ indenture on their edges ; at the top 

 of the ftalks the flowers come out in clufters, which 

 are of a purple colour, and are fucceeded by fmooth, 

 oval, black feeds. It grows naturally in Sicily and 

 the Levant. It is propagated by feeds as the fecond 

 fort, which fliould be fown on a warm border, other- 

 wife the plants will not live through the winter. It 

 flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in auaimn. 



CARDUUS BENEDICTUS. See Centau- 



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CARDUUS FULLONUM. See Dipsacus. 

 C A R I C A. Lin. Gen. Plant. looo. Papaw, in French 



Papaie. 



The Characters are. 



It is incik and female hi different plants ; the flowers of 

 the male have fcarce any empalement \ they are funnel- 



fhaped^ and of one leaf^ having a longflender tube^ which 

 expands at the top^ where it is divided into five narrow 

 cbtufe parts^ which turn backward 'y it hath tenftamina^ 

 five of which are alternately longer than the other^ and 

 ere terminated by oblong fummits. The female flowers 

 have a fmall pennanent empalement indented inflve parts \ 

 it hath five long fpear-fhaped petals, which are obtufe^ 

 and turn baikward at the top \ the oval germen fupports 

 five oblong blunt ftigma, which are broad at the top^ 

 and crenated, The germen afterward becomes a large 

 oblong flefhy fruit, having five longitudinal cells, which 



are full of fmall oval furrowed feeds, inclofedin a gluti- 

 nous pulp. 



Tliis genus of plants is ranged in the ninth fedion 

 of Linna;us's twenty-fecond clafs, intitled Dioecia 

 Decandria ; the plants of this clafs have male and fe- 

 male flowers on different plants, and in this fection 

 the male flowers have ten fi:amina. . 

 The Species are, 

 1, Carica {Papaya) foliorum lobis finuatis. Hort. 

 Cliff. 461. Papaw with the lobes of the leaves flnuated. 

 Papaya frudu Melopeponis effigie. Plum. Papa-iv 



Flort. 



with the fruit flmped like the Squaflj. 

 2. Carica (Pofopofa) foliorum lobis integris. 



Cliff. 461. Papaw with the Iches of the leaves entire. 

 Papaya ramoia frudu pyriformi. Feuil. Peru v. 2. 

 p. 52. tab. 39. Branching Papaw with a Pear-fhaped 

 fruit, ■ 



There are fcverul varieties of the firft fort, which 

 differ in the fize and fliape of their fruit. Plumier 



This fort rifes with a thick, foft, herbaceous (Icrn, 

 to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, which is 

 naked till within two or three feet of the top, and 

 hath marks of the veftiges of the fallen leaves great 

 part of its length j the leaves come out on every fide 

 the fl:em upon very long foot-fl:alks •, thofe which arc 

 fituated undermoft are almofl: horizontal, but thofe ou 

 the top are cred : thefe leaves (in full grown plants') 

 are very large, and divided into many parts (or lobes) 

 which are deeply finuated, or cut into irregular divi- 

 fions, ' The whole plant abounds" with a milky acrid 

 juice, which is efl:eemed good for the ringworm : 

 the ftem of the plant, and alfo the foot"fl:alks of tlir 

 leaves, are hollow in the middle. The flowers of 

 the male plants are produced from betv/een the leaves 

 on the upper part of the plant, on every fide, which 

 have foot-fl:alks near two feet long, at the ends c>f 

 which the flowers fl:and in loofe clufters, each havi[;rr 

 a feparate fliort foot-fl:alk -, thefe are of a pure white, 

 and have an agreeable odour. They are monopeta- 

 lous, having pretty long tubes, but are cut at the 

 top into five parts, which twift backward like a fcrew \ 

 fometimes thefe are fucceeded by fmall fruit, about 

 the fize and fliape of a Catherine Pear, which ha^ 

 occafioned fome to fuppofc it was a difl:ind fpecie.s; 

 but I have frequently raifed this, and the female or 

 fruitful fort, from the fame feeds, and in* general the 

 male flowers fall away, without any fruit fucceedincr 

 them. The flowers of the female Papaw alio come 

 out between the leaves, toward the upper part of die 

 plant, upon very fhort foot-ftalks, fingly fitting clofe 

 to the flem j they are large and bell-fhaped, com- 

 pofed of fix petals, which are commonly yellow, but 

 thofe of the pyramidal fort, which I before mention- 

 ed, were purple : when thefe fall away, the germen 

 fwells to a large fleflay fruit, the fize of a fmall Melon, 

 which are of different forms ; fome are angular, and 

 compreffed at both ends, others are oval and globu- 

 lar, and fome pyramidal ; the fruit alfo abounds with 

 the fame acrid milky juice as the plants. .This fruit, 

 when ripe, is by the inhabitants of the Caribbec 

 Iflands eaten with pepper and fugar as Melons, but 

 are much inferior to our mofl: common Melon in fla- 

 vour, in its native country; but thofe which have 

 ripened in England were deteftable : the only uie I 

 have made known of this fruit, was, when they were 

 about half grown, to foak' them in fait water, to get 

 out the milky juice, and pickle them for Mangos, 

 • for which they have been a good fubflitute. Thefe 

 plants are fuppofed to be natives of America, from 

 whence they were carried to the Philippine Iflands, 

 and to feveral parts of India, where they are nov/ 

 pretty common. Though thefe plants have been 

 fuppofed to have male flowers only in fome plants, 

 and female on the other, yet I have often fcen 

 fmall fruit on the male plants, and have frequently 

 had fruit on the female, whofe feeds have grown as 

 well as any I ever fowed, though no male plants 

 were in the fame ilove with them. 

 The fecond fort was found growing in a garden at 

 Lima, by father Feuillee, and it was the only plant 

 he faw of that fort in his travels. This differs from 

 the other, in having a branching fl:a!k, the lobes or 

 divifions of the leaves beinp; entire, and the fi'uit be- 



ing fliaped like a Pear, which he lays Vv'ere of dif- 

 ferent fizes ; that which he defigned was about eight 

 inches long, and three and a half thick, yellow within 

 and without, and of a fweet flavour. The flower, 



he fays, was of a Rofe colour, and divided but into 

 five parts. 



Thefe plants being natives of hot countries, will not 

 thrive in England, unlefs they are preierved in a warm 

 fl:ovc; where there are fuch conveniencles, of a pro- 



mentions three of the tcmalc or fruitful Papaw, be- per height to contain the plants, they deferve a place 

 fide the male, one of which he titles Melon-fliaped, as well as almofl: any of the plants v/hich are cuki- 

 and die other fliapcd like the fruit of tlie Gourd ; ' "" ~ ^ . 



and I have feen another variety in England, with a 

 large, fmooth, pyramidal fruit : but thefe are fup- 

 poled to be accidental varieties, which arife from the 

 liime feeds. 



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vated for ornament ; for v/lien tliey are grown to a 

 large fize, they make a noble appearance with their 

 ftrong upright ft:ems, which are garniflicd on every 

 fide near the top with large fliining leaves, fpreadiiig 

 out near three feet all round the Hem : the flowers 



or 



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