I" - 



*' 



r 



'V^maybe fown upon a bed of earth in any fituation, 



' .' and will require no other culture, but to keep them 



clean from weeds, and thin the plants where they are 



too clofe ; this being a medicinal plant, is kept in fome 



gardens, but it hath little beauty. 



' There is a variety of this, which grows much taller, 



'the heads are larger, and the leaves are placed clofer 



. vr upon the ftalks. This was found by Dr. Tournefort 



'in the Levant. . 



.. The third fort was alfo difcovered by Tournefort m 



the illand of Crete, from whence he fent the feeds 



• to the royal garden at Paris. This differs from the 



, • former, in having a fmooth ftalk ; the leaves are very 



ftiff, deeply indented, fmooth, and are armed with 

 . Ycry ftrong fpines ; the heads of flowers are oval, 

 ; the florets white, and the plant, grows near fouf feet 

 - iigh. This is an annual plant, which may be fov/n 



and treated in the fime way as the former, and flowers 



. - ■ - -^ 



about 



V 



- ' 



* * 



1 ' . 



The fointh fort hath a perennial root, but an annual 

 ftalk. This grows naturally in Spain, and was firft 

 broup-ht to Eno-IanJ from Tangier; the feeds of this 



are iK;ver pcrfeded in England, fo it is propagated by 



parting of t]\e roots. The beft time for tranfplanting 



and parting them, is about the beginning of March ; 



' 'they ihoLild have a dry foil and a warm fituation. 



R 



ftalks with their bafe. The branches are terminated 



by large, fcaly, prickly heads of yellov/ flowers, 

 which come out in July, but are never fuccceded by 

 feeds m this country, fo can only be propagated by 

 fide Ihoots, flipped from the branches in the fprino- 

 and planted in pots filled with light fandy earth, an^Ii 

 plunged into a moderate hot-bed, obferving to ftiade 

 them till they have taken root ; then they muft be 

 gradually hardened, and removed into the open air, 

 and when they have obtained ftrength, they may be 

 feparated, and fome of them planted in a warm dry 

 border, where they will endure the cold of our or- 

 dinary winters; but, in fevere froft, they are fre- 

 quently deftroyed, therefore a plant or two fliould be 

 kept in pots, and llickered in winter to prefervg the 

 fpecies. . • 



The feeds of the eighth fort were fent me from 

 Spain, where it grows naturally. This hath a pe- 

 rennial root but an annual ftalk, which is fing-le, and 

 never puts out any fide branches; thefe are v/hlte, 

 fmooth, and channelled. The leaves are lonp-, narrow. 



of a pale green, and clofely armed on their edges 

 with Ihort ftiff fpines, which coiiie out double. The 

 jftalks are terminated by fingle, oval, fcaly heads of - 

 \vhite flowers, each fcale being terminated by a puf- 

 plifli fpine. This fquamous empalemcnt is clofely 



otherwife they are liabje to be deftroyed in fevere 1 joined at the top, fo as few of the hermaphrodite fio- • 



rets appear vifible above it ; and this is guarded by a 



The ftalks of this rife about a foot and a half high, I border of long,* narrow, prickly leaves, furrounding 



Winters. 



■i 



■t 



feldom putting out any branches, garniflied with 

 ' narrow fpear-fliaped leaves the whole length of the 

 ■ italic ; thefe are deeply fawed on their edges, each of 



the fcrratures ending in a fharp point. The ftalk is 



terminated by one large fcaly head of blue flowers, 

 * Ihaped like thofe of the other fpecies. <"' - - 

 - The fifth fort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 



Spain, and Italy. This hath a perennial root and 



■ an annual ftalk, which rifes about fix inches high ; it 



■ is channelled, hairy, and garnifhed with long narrow 

 *^ leaves, ending in feveral fliarp fpines j their edges are 



• indented, ea^h indenture ending in a fpine. Each 



■ ftalk is terminated by one large head of blue flowers, 

 having a leafy empalement, compofed of very broad 



• fcales, each ending in a fliarp fpine. , It flowers in 



June. : " ;■ 



This fort is difficult to propagate m England, for the 

 roots do not put out offsets like the former, fo is 

 , only to be railed from feeds ; which do not come to 

 perfedion here, unlefs the feafon proves warm and 

 dry. This plant fliould have a dry foil and a warm 



fituation. -•■■\^ ' ■ -^ 



• The fixth fort is fuppofed by fome, to be the fame 



- ' with the fourth, which Is a great miftake, for they 

 are extremely different. This rifcs with a fingle ftalk 

 about two feet high, which is of a purplifli colour, 



^ hairy, and channelled, clofely garnifhed with broad 

 fpear-lhaped leaves, which are fliarply fawed on their 



■ edges, and covered with a fliort hairy down. The 

 ftalk' is terminated by a fingle large head of blue 

 flowej-?, having a fcaly empalement, compofed of two 



.-■"^-■orders of leaves, the outer being broad, long, and 

 armed with Iharp fpines on their edges ;, the inner are 

 .narrow, and terminate with a fnarp thorn. It flowers 

 . av June and July, and the feeds ripen in avitumn. 

 This fort may be propagated by parting of their 

 roots, which fhould be performed in autumn, when 

 the leaves decay. It ftiould have a light dry foil, in 



1*1* •*« « « 4-^y^ ■ '« 



the head, which rife confiderably above the flowers. 

 This plant flowers in July and Auguft, but feldom 

 perfefts its feeds in England. It fliould be planted 

 in a light foil and a warm fituation, v/here it v/ill 

 live abroad in our ordinary winters, but in fevere froft: 

 it is fometimes deftroyed. As the feeds of this fort 

 rarely ripen in England, the only method to propa- 

 gate the plant, is by parting the roots in the fpring. 



Carvi [fo called 

 of ]L(ipc<.^ Gr, the head, as though grood for the head ; 



M 



but others derive the name from Caria, where the 

 antients found this plant.] Carui, or Carraway. 

 The Characters are, 



fi 



fl' 



^, compofed cf feveral fnall 



as rays to the general nmhel^ 



tvclucrum ; the fingle flo^-xers 



have very fmall erapalernents ; each hath five heart-fhaped 



ohtufe petals^ turned inward at their points ; // hath five 



hairy fiamina the length of the petals^ terminated by round- 



ifh fmall fumniits. 1'he germen is fJuatcd under the 



flower^ fupporting two fmall ftyles^ crowned by a fi\ 



fiigma 



gelled f 



2ft. 



furrowcdfeed 



I. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 of Linna^us's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Dygynia, 

 the flowers having five ftamina and two ftyles. 

 The Species are, 



Carum (Carvi) foliis pinnatifidis planis, umbellatis 

 in^qualibus confertis. Carraway with plain leaves ending 



with 7nany points.^ 



loft 



Cuminum pratenfe, Carui officinarum. C. B, P. 159. 



Meadow Cumin^ or Carraway of thefijops, 

 2. Carum (Hifpanicum) foliis capillaribus multifidis, 



multifid 



loofe 

 atio] 



oader feed 



Jufl'. Spanifii 



Carvi Flifpanicum, femine majore. 



, which it will endure die cold of our winters, and ] The firft fort is the common Carraway, v/hofe feeds 



are greatly ufed, not only in medicine, but alfo in 

 the kitchen, &c. This srov/s naturally in fome rich 



w ' 



-} 



■I - 



Kl 



.;* continue many years. It may alfo be propagated by 



' fepds, which ripen well in dry feafons, but in wet 



;':^yiJ^Er!^rs the feeds are generally abortive; this re- 



" quires no other care but to keep it clean from weeds. 



It grows naturally in Spain, France and Italy, on ar- 

 ■ able land. 



, ' Ihe feventhfurt I received from Andalufia, where it 

 rows naturally in great plent)\ This rifes with a 

 rubby perennial ftalk to the heiglit of eight or ten 

 feet, dividing into many branches, garnifhed with 

 pretty long fword-fliaped leaves, which are indented, 

 a,rmcd with fpines on their edges, and embrace the 



meadows in Lincolnftiire and Yorkfliire, and is 

 fometimes found growing in the pafturcs near Lon- 

 don. It is alfo cultivated for ufe in Eflx^x, and fome 

 other counties. 



This is a biennial plant, which rifes from feeds one 

 year, flowers the next, and periflies foon after the 

 feeds are ripe. It hath a taper root like a Parfncp, 

 but much fmaller, which runs deep into the ground, 

 and hath a ftrons: aromatic tafte, fending out many 



fmall fibres ; from tlie. root arifes one or two fmooth, 



fohd. 



■■ 



