» -s. 



tranfplanting is a" check to the luxuriant growth of 

 trees, fo it is a promoter of their fruftification, as 

 msy be evinacd by obferving low Ihrubby Oaks, 

 Walnuts, &c. which generally have a greater plenty 

 of fruit, than any of the larger and more vigorous 

 trees •, and the fruit of fuch trees is much fuperior in 

 tafce, though the feeds of vigorous trees are vaftly 

 preferable for plantations of timber; for it is a con- 

 ftant obfervation, that, by faving feeds from dwarf 

 trees or plants, from time to time, they may be ren- 

 dered much lov/er in their growth than is their na- 

 tural fizc'; but where the fruit is moft defired, then 

 they iliould be taken from fuch trees as produce the 

 laro-eil and fweeteft nuts, which are commonly found 

 upon fuch trees as fprcad the moft, and have hori- 

 zontal roots \ for the weaker trees being lefs capable 

 to furnifli a fupply of nourlfhment, and having a 

 greater quantity of fruit upon them, to which this 

 muft be diftributed, together with their roots lying 

 near the furface of the ground (by which means the 

 juices are better prepared by fun, air, &c. before it 

 enters their veflels,) it is oertdn their juices are bet- 

 ter digcfted, and their fruits better maturated, than 

 thofe can pofTibly be, which grow upon ftrong vi- 

 gorous trees, which hav^ long tap-roots running 

 ^veral feet deep into the earth, and confequently take 

 in vaft quantities of crude unprepared juice, which 

 is buoyed up to the extreme parts of the tree -,' dnd 

 thelefeldom having many lateral branches, to digeft 



■ and prepare their juice, by peripiring and throwing 

 off the crude part before it enters the fruits. ' - 1' ' 

 And this, I dafe fay, univerfally holds good in all 

 forts of fruit trees," *^nd is often the occafion of the 



' good and bad qualities of the fame forts of fruits 



growing on the fame foil. - ; 



' What has i3een related about grafting this tree into 



• the Walnut, to promote their bearing, or render their 

 ' fruit fairer; or moculating Cherries Into the Chefnut, 

 ' for later fruit, is very whimfical and filly, fince nei- 



• ther the Chefnut nor Walnut will receive its own kind 



i 



CF • 



and 



• any other way than by inoculati'ng or inarchin 

 it is the latter only, by which the Walnut can be pro- 

 pagated ; nor was it ever known, that any two trees 



' of a different genus would take upon each other, fo 



■ as to produce either a good tree or fruit ; therefore 

 we may juftly explode all thofe different graftings of 



. various trees upon each other, fo much talked of by 

 tlie ancients ; at leaft we may fuppole thofe trees' 'are 



■ not known by the fame names now, that they ire 

 mentioned by in their writings ; for I have made 

 many trials upon them, which, although performed 

 with great care, "a'nd in different feafons, yet fcarcely 



' one of them fucceeded. , But to return : 

 If you defign a Targe ' plantation of thefe trees for 

 timber, after havin'g two or three times ploughed the 

 ground, the better to deftroy the roots of Weeds, you 

 iliould make your furrows aSout fix feet difVance 

 from each other, in which you Ihould lay the nuts 



; about ten inches apart, covering them with earth 

 about three inches deep; and, when they come up, 

 you muft carefully clear them from weeds : the dif- 

 tance allowed between each row, is for the life' of the 

 horfe hoeing plough, which will difpatch a great deal 

 of this work in a Ihort time ; but it ftiould be per- 

 formed with gteat care, fo as not to injure the young 



' plants ; therefore the middle of the fpaces only fliould 



- be cleaned with thisinftrument, and a hand hoe muft 



- be ufed to clean between the plants in the rows, and 

 : alfo on each fide, where it will be unfafe for the plough 



to be drawn : and in hand hoeing, there muft be 

 great care taken, not to cut the tender rind of the 



■ plants. If the following fpring the fpaces are care- 

 fully ftirred with the plough, it will not only make 



. the ground clean, but alfo loofen it, fo as that the fun 



and moifture may more eafily penetrate the fam.e, 

 which will greatly promote tlie growth of the plants ; 

 and the oftener thefe ploughings are repeated, the 

 clcp.her will be the ground, and the gre^^ijr v/ill be 

 thp progrefs of the plants, which cannot b" ^' 



e IV 



ept too 

 clean while they are-young.- When thefe have re- 



mained three or four years (if the nuts fucceeded v/cll,) 

 you will have many of thefe trees to remove, wl;ieh 

 ftiould be done at the feafons before direftcd, leaV- 

 in<T the. trees about three feet diftance in the rows j 

 at which diftance they may remain for three or four 

 years more, when you ftiould remove every other tree 

 to make room for the remaining, which will reduce 

 the whole plantation to fix feet iquare, wliich will be 

 diftance enough for them to remain in, until they are 

 large enough for poles, when you may cut down 

 every other of thefe trees (making choice of the leaft 

 promifing,) within a foot of the ground, in order to 

 make ftools for poles, which, in eight or ten years 

 time, will be ftrong enough to lop for hoops, hop 

 poles, &c. for which purpofes they are preferable to 

 moft other trees ; fo that every tenth year, here will 



be a frefh crop, wliich will pay the rent of the 

 ground, and all other incumbent charges, and, at the 

 fame time, a full crop of growing timber left upon 

 the ground : but as the large trees increafe in bulk, 

 their diftance of twelve feet fquare will be too fmall ; 

 therefore when they have grown to a fize for imall 

 boards, you fnould fell every other tree, which v/ill 

 reduce them to tw nty-four feet fquare, which is a 

 proper diftance for them, to remain for good ; this 

 will give air to the under wood (which, by this time, 

 would be too much overhung by the clofenefs of the 

 large trees ;) by which means that will be greatly en- 

 couraged, and the fmall timber felled, will pay fuffi- 

 cient intereft for the money at firft laiJ^ out in plant- 

 ing, &c. with the princfpal alfo : fo that ail tlie re- 

 maining trees are clear profit, for the under vrood ftill 

 continuing, will pay the rent of the ground, and all 

 . other expcnces -, and what a fine eilate here will be 

 for afucceeding generation, in about fouricore years. 



**'t f\ 



I leave every one to judge 

 *The Chinquapin, or Dwarf Virginian Chefnut, is at 

 prefent very rare in England': it is very common in 

 . the woods of Am.erica, where it feldom grows above 

 twelve or fourteen feet high, and produces great plen- 

 ty of nuts, which are, for the moft part, fingleia 

 each outer coat or capfule. . This tree is very hardv, 

 and will refift the fevereft of our winters in the open 

 ground, but is vety apt to decay iri fummer, efpo- 

 cially if it is planted in very dry grcvuid-' The nuts 

 of thefe trees, if brought from America, fliould be 

 put up in fand as fooh as they are ripe, and fent to 

 ■ England immediately, otherwife they lofe their grow- 

 ing quality, which is the reafon this tree is at prefent 



. fo fcarce with us ; for not one feed in five hundred 

 fent over ever gi*w, which was dwmg to the neglect 



, of putting them up in this manner: indeed, moft of 

 the nuts which have been brought over, have been 

 kiln-dried, to preferve them from fprouting, which 

 „ infaUibly deftroys the germen. When the nuts ar- 

 rive, they fhould be put into the ground as foon as 

 pofilble ; and if the winter Ihould prove fevere, ic 

 will be proper to cover the ground with leaves, tan, 

 or Peafe-haulm, to prevent the froft from penetrating 

 the ground, fo as to deftroy the nuts. This fort of 

 Chefnut delights in a moift foil ; but if the wet conti- 



. nues long upon the ground in winter, it is apt to kill 

 the trees. This will take by inarching it upon the 



.. common fort, but the trees fo propagated leldom 



fucceed well m.w . ; . < . - 



:. 'F have feeh a fpecimen, and fome nuts of a Dwarf 

 ;" Chefnut, which were brought, from North Amierica, 

 which differed from all the other forts ; and I have 

 / bce'n informed, that the French have raifed plants of 

 ■ this kind, from the nuts which were brought from 

 Canada; but as I have not feen any of the plants 

 raifed in England, I can give- no farther account of 

 , it, than that fome of tTie late writers have fuppofed 

 it might be the dv/arf branching kind before-men- 

 tioned. 





ypx- 



CAS TAN E A EQUINA: See Esculus. 



C A S T O R E A. . n See Duraxtia. • 



C A T A N A N C H E. Lin. Gen. Plant. 824. [K 



i/ayxoj, a violent allurement to love, of xaliand iyxy-'^.y 

 . : neceflity, or of KcP^xyxWJ^uiy to compel -, fo called, 



bccaufe 



