t 



t 



\' 



'l - 



tecaufe the opinion t!ie ancicnfs find of it, that It 



was a ftrong, and almoft invincible ' inducement to 



love.] Candia Lions Foot. ^ ' 



■ The Characters are, ' ' : 



fhe Jtov^er is ccmpofed of many hennnfbrodite florets, 



tbofe en the border being longer than thofe which are in 



fh^ fPMter 1 thck are included in one common fcaly empale- 



fnent, which is permanent and elegant, '^he florets are of 

 one leaf iongue-fljaped^ indented in five parts^ and are 

 longer than the empalement ; thcfe have each five fljort hairy 

 ftamina^ terminated by cylindrical fummits. '^' " " 



The germen 



isfltiiated belo'iu tkeflozvcr^ fupporting aflender fiyle the 

 y length of the ftamina^ crozvned with a bifid fligma which 



w 



ers are fmall, they make but little appearance, 

 therefore the plant Is only kept for the fake of va- 

 riety. 



The firft of thefe plants h a perennial, and may be 

 propagated by heads taken off the mother plant, tn- 

 ther in fpring or autumn ; but thofe plants wliich are 

 raifed from feeds, are m.uch Ilronger than tliofe from 

 flips. Thefe plants are commonly planted in pots 

 filled with light fandy foil, in order to flicker them in 

 the winter from fevere frofts ; but if they are planted 

 in warm borders, either near walls, pales, or hedges, 

 in a moderately dry foil, theyv/ill endure abroad very 

 well. It beo-ins flowerinp; in Mav, and con- 



ii reficxed, "the germen afterward becomes a ftngk oval tinues till Auguft or September (efpeclally if the funi- 

 'hed^ which is comprejfed and crowned with briflles-, in- \ m'er is not too dry,) Is a pretty ornament to a gar- 



t- 



^ ilofed in the empalcment. 

 ^^This genus of plants Is ranged in the firfl- fectiori of 

 > Linn?eus*s nineteenth clafs, Entitled Syrigeriefia Poly- 



-gamia requalis; the flowers of this clafs have their 

 r Itamina feparate, 'and their fummits connefted toge- 



' thcr in a cylinder, and thofe of this feftion have only 

 .-hermaphrodite flowers. 

 . a; The Species are, 



i. Catananche (C^riilea) fquamis calycinis inferiori- 

 . bus ovatis. Hort. CliflT. 390. Catananche whcfe tinder 



feale's of the empalement areovaL Catanance quorundam. 



Lugd. Hifl:. 1 190. ' ^ ^ 



I. Catan'anche {Lutea) fquamis calycinis inferioribus 



lanccolatis. Hort. Cliff. 390. Catananche whofe under 



fcales of the empalement are fpear-Jhaped. Catanance flo- 

 * fc luteo, latiore folio. Tourn. lnft.*R. H. 478. 

 ' Tournefort mentions a third fort with a narrow leaf, 



in which it differs from the fecond j but if there is 

 i- fuch a difliina fpecies, I have riot happened t6 rrieet 



Wtth it -, for although I have fr^^tlfently received the 



remain for flowerinj^. 



den, and is eaflly kept within bounds. This may alfo 

 be propagated by feeds, which fliould be fown in a 

 border of good light earth in March -, and in May, 

 when the plants are come up, they may be either 

 tranfplanted into pots or borders, where they are to 



Thefe plants ftiould remain 

 unremoved when they are planted in the full ground, 

 which v/ill caufe them to flower better, and they 



will produce more feeds. The feeds ripen in Au- 

 gufl:. - ., ■ 



The other fort is an annual plant, and therefore only 

 propagated by feeds, which ripen very well in this 



The time for fowing them 



IS 



early 



in 



I 



-\ 



K 



"V 



feeds from feveral parts of Eurbpie' by this title, yet 

 I could not find any diffefence between the giants, and 

 thofe of the fecond fort 5 therefore I fuppole Tourne- 

 fort may hive found the plants growing on a Herile 

 foil, whcffdfhe leaves were much narrower than thofe 

 gfdWing in a garden, or in better ground, which may 

 have induced him to fuppofe they were diftin^t fpe- 

 cics.r Both thefe plants grow naturally in the fouth 

 f ofFrance, in Spain, Italy, and Candia, from whence 

 . it had the title of Candia Lions Foot. •'" "' '' ' 

 ''Thefirft fort fends out many long, narrow, hairy 

 '-« leaves, which are jagged on their edges lik^ thofe of 



country. 



March, in beds or lx)rders of light earth where they 

 are to remain, whicli will come up in a month or five 

 weeTcstime, and require no other care buttokeep them 

 clean from weeds,' ' and thin tHe plants where tney are 

 too clofe. Thefe flower In June, andperfedt their feeds 

 in Augufl: or September; but ^ as they have little 

 beauty, they are not often kept in gardens. 



CATAPUTIA Major. See Ricinls. 



C AT A P U T I A Minor. See Euphorbia. 



C ATA R I A. See Nepeta. 



CATCH-FLY. See Lychnis. 



CATERPrLLARS. 



There are feveral kinds of this infecl, which are very 

 pernicious to a garden ; but there are two forts which 

 are the mofl: common, and defl;ru£tive to the youn^r 

 plaiits : one of them is that which the white butterfly 

 breed's'. It is of a yellowifli colour, fpotted and 

 fl:rlped with black ^ this commonly infeils the tender 

 leaves of Cabbages, Cauliflowers, and the Indian 

 >-Buckfl\orn Plantain, but the leaveis are broader, the | Crefs : they eat off all the tender parts of tlie leaves, 

 ^ jags deeper, and at greater difl:ances ; thefe lie flat [ leaving only the fibres entire ; fo that very often we 



•' on the ground, turning their points upwards, whicl 

 -'^zft very harrow.' -Between the leaves come "out tiae 



''^ fiower-ftalks, which are ih"^ number proportionable "to [ dally in thofe which are croudcd with trees, or are 

 the fize of the plant ; for from an old thriving root, f ne'ar Wildings. They always increafe mofl: in very 



fee, in tlie autumn feafon, whole gardens of winter 

 Cabbage's and Savoys almofl: defl:royed by them, efpe- 



:'^ there is frequently eight 6r ten, and young^]?)!Snts do 

 ■ not fend out.more than two or three. Thefe ftalks rife 

 \ near two feet high, dividing into mahyfniaH HHnches 

 -^ up>yard, garniftied with leaves like thofe belo\^^, but 

 ; are Imaller, and have few or no jags oh tKcl): ecfges : 

 ' each of the foot-fl:alks are terminated with' fiho-le 

 v heads of flowers, having a dry, filvery, fcaly eftipale- 

 " nient, in which are included three or four florets, 



■ whole petals are broad, flat, and inden!ed at their 

 '^'"^nds; thefe are of a fine blue colour, havino- a dark 

 ^'' fpot at bottom, and in each the five flramina, v/ith 



■ tneir yellow fummits, fl:anding a little above the pe- 

 . tal, make a pretty appearance. . ■. - 



It has hein by fome authors titled Chondrilla ciferulea, 

 »' 1. C, Blue Gum Cico'ry •, and by others Sefajuoides,' or 



Catanances Sefamoides. Cafpar Bauhin calls it Chon- 

 ^ drilla c^rulea cyani capitulo. Pin. 130. Blue Gum Ci~ 

 '\iory ^ith a Blue Bottle head. There is a varietv of this 



With double flowers, which is not very common in 

 •'"fneEnglifli gardens. 

 ' The fecond fort hath broader leaves than the firfl:, 



^''^^*:" ^fc Imoother, and lefs jagged on their edges : 

 ^ from each root arife two or three fl:alks, which grow 



a foot and a half high, fending out two or three flen- 



der toot-ftalks, each fuflraining a fingle head ofyel- 

 ■" ^^ nowei^s, Inclofed in a dry fcaly empalement, of a 



darker colour than thofe of the firft : as thefe flow- 



(i '4 '•- \ 



« . Y 



_' 



dry feafons v and when the plants have been fl:inted 

 by the drought, they are confl:antly attacked •, where- 

 as, thofe which are in vigour, feldom fuffer much by 

 thofe infefts. Nor is there any other method found 

 out to defliroy them that I know of, but to pick them 

 off the plants before they are fpread from the nefl:s ; 

 by which means, tliough perhaps many may be over- 

 looked, yet their numbers will be greatly diminifli- 

 ed. But this work mufl; be often repeated during the 

 warm wcatlier, when the butterflies are abroad, which 

 are continually depofiting their eggs, and in^a few 

 days time will be mctaniorphofed to perfeft caterpil- 

 lars. But as thefe, for tlie mofl; part, feed upon the 

 outer leaves 'of plants, fo they are more ep.flly taken 

 than the otlier fort, which is much larger : the fl^in 

 IS very tough, and of a dark colour : tir.s is called by 

 the gardeners, a grub, and ^'^ — — ^*-- 1 

 The eggs of this fort of caterpillar, arc, for the 

 mofl: part, depofited in the very^ heart or center of the 

 plant (efpecially in Cabbages wliere, after it hack 

 obtained its form, it eats its v/ay out through all the 

 leaves thereof; and alfo their dung, being lodged 

 between the inclofed leaves of the Cabbages, gives 



them an ill fcent. 



This infc6t alfo burrows jufl: under the furface of the 

 ground, and makes great havock on young plants, 

 by eating them through their tender fliank^ and drav/- 



ing 



is exceeding hurtful. 



