I 



1, 



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reckoned to be binding, and good for all kindi of 

 fluxes, and of great ule to heal wounds. This grows 

 naturally on the mountains of Italy and Spain -, it hath 

 a^rtrong perennial root like the former fort, from 

 ^ which come out a great number of long winged leaves, 

 ' 'which fprcad wide on every fide, of a lucid green, 

 '''and fav/cd on their edges •, the flower-Italks are flen- 

 "'^der, but very ftiff, and divide upward into many 

 ' 'fmallerfoot-ftalksi thefe, together v/ich theotherflalks, 

 \ Crile live or fix feet high, having at each joint one 

 .' ...injall winged leaf of the fame form with the other : 

 )!' each of tliefe foot-italks is terminated by a fingle head 

 -' ■ of purplllli flowers, which are confiderably longer 

 '*i .tiian the empalement. I'his fort flowers in July, and 

 r" in very warm dry feafons will produce ripe feeds m 

 Ij inj^Iand. It may be propagated by parting of the 

 . rooTs in the fame manner as the former fort, and the 

 lants mud be treated in the fame way, but fliould 

 e more room to grow, therefore it is not proper 



•I 



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* 



for fmall gardens ; but in large open borders, or to 

 intermix in open quarters with other tall growing 

 ..plants, this will make a variety. 

 The third fort was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort in 

 the Levant, who fent the feeds to the royal garden at 

 .Paris, and frqm thence it hath fince been communi- 

 cated to moil of the curious gardens in Europe. This 

 hath a perennial root, which ftrikes deep into the 

 ground, from which fprings up a great tuft of long 



entire leaves, fluped like thofe of Woad, growing 

 '^■"upri^ht, with many upright ftalks, which grow near 



jfive teet high, garniflicd with leaves coming out fin- 

 * gleat each joint, of the fame fhape as the under, but 

 / are lefs, and have a border or wing running along 



the (lalk. Tlic upper part of the Italk divides into 

 ' two or three fmaller, each of which is terminated by 



a fii^.gle licad of yellow flowers, included in a filvery 



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^ 



icaly empalement 



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It may be propa- 



gated by parting the roots m the fame manner as the 

 ■ iormer, and the plants may be treated in the fame 

 ^ way, being equally hardy 5 and as this doth not fpread 



fo much as the laft, it may be allowed a place in 





fmalle 



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i 



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The fourth fort grows naturally in Auftria. This 



' hatha perennial root as the former, from which come 



out many winged leaves, which are hoary, the feg- 



# ments narrow and enure-, the (lalks rife near three 



ntfcet high, dividing Into feveral braHches, which have 



a fingle winged leaf at each joint, of the fame lliape 



with the other ; at the end of each flalk is one head 



of purple flowers, inclofcd in an oblong fcaly em- 



, ^ palcment, each fcale being bordered with fmall hairs 



Jikc an eye- brow. The flowers appear in June, and 



the feeds ripen in Augull, l^his is propagated by 



feeds, which may be town in a bed of common earth, 



. m a nurlery •, and when the plants come up they 



muft be thinned, and kept clean from weeds, and 



the following autumn the plants ipay be tranfplanted 



where they arc defigned to remain •, after which they 



will require no further care. Two or three of thefe 



plants may be allowed a pla- 



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The fifdi fort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 

 and in Icaly : I received the (cah of this from Verona. 

 It hath a perennial root, which doth not divide and 

 fprcad as die former, but grows fingle, fending out 

 in the fpring feveral cniire fpcar-lhaped leaves, and 

 ^tcrward a fingle ftalk, more 

 niihcd at each joint with on 

 and at the top comes out a find'- 



: than a foot liigh, gar- 

 le divided hoary leaf; 

 — •... w.,^ ^w^ ^^^lil^.^ xj'.iv .1 lii'^y-, large, fcaly jiead, 

 Shaped like a cone of tl-ic Pine-crce, very taper at the 

 top, where it clukdy furrounds the {lorets, whofetops 

 jull peep out of the eaipalement : they are of a bright 

 purple colour, and appear in June, but are not fuc- 

 ceeded by feeds in ] .ngland, fo cannot be propagated 

 unlcls the feeds are procured from abroad. Thefe 



,? 



nts afterward treated 



1 he fixch fort is tiie common perennial Blue Bottle, 

 which by fome is titled Eatchclors Button. This is 



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fo well known as to need no defcription ; the roots of 



this fort creep under ground to a great diftance, 

 wlierebytheplant propagates too fafl, and often be- 



J 



May 



or 



The feventh fort differs from the eighth, in havin 

 much longer and narrower leaves, which are not lo 

 white, the heads of flowers are alfo fmaller; but 

 whether this is only a variety from the other, I cannot 

 determine, having never raifed either from feeds ; for 

 thefe plants fpread very much by their creeping roots, 

 which renders them barren, as is frequently the cafe 

 with many other creeping rooted plants, few of which 

 produce feeds : however, this plant has always re- 

 tained .its diflxTence from the year 1727, when I 

 firft brot^ght it to England ; and as it propagates fa 

 fafl:, it is nov/ become almofl as plenty in the gar- 

 dens, as the common broad leaved fort. This is 

 equally hardy, and may be planted in any foil or fi- 

 tuation, where many other forts will not thrive, and 

 during its continuance in flower will make a variety 

 in the garden. 



The eighth fort is annual, fo is only propagated by 

 feeds. This has been many years propagated in the 

 Englifli gardens, under the title of Sultan Flower, or 

 Sweet Sultan. • It was brought from tlie Levant, 

 where it grows naturally in arable land among the 

 corn. This fends up a round channelled flralk near 

 three feet high, which divides into many branches, 

 garnlflied with jagged leaves, of a pale green, fmooth, 

 and itand clofe to the branches ; from the fide of the 

 branches come out long naked foot-fl:alks, each fuf- 

 taining a fingle head of flowers fliaped like thofe of 

 the other fpecies, which have a very ft:rong odour, fo 

 as to be oftenfive to many people, but to others is 

 very grateful. The empalement of thefe is fcaly, 

 round, and without fpines ; the flowers are in fome 

 purple, and others white, and likewife a flelh colour 

 between them hath come from the fame feeds. There 

 is alfo a variety of this with fifl:ular flowers, and ano- 

 ther with fringed flowers, commonly called Amber- 

 boi or Emberboi : but thefe have degenerated to the 

 common fort in a few years, although I have laved 

 the feeds with great care, fo I fuppofe they are only 

 varieties. Thefe feeds are commonly fown upon a 



May 



forward 



the flower-garden ; but if the feeds are fown in a 

 warm border in autumn, thev will live through the 

 Winter ; and thefe plants may be removed in the 

 fpring into the flower-garden, which will be fl;ronger, 

 and come earlier to flower than thofe which are raifed 

 in the fpring. The feeds may alfo be fown in t!\e 

 fpring on a common warm border, where the plants 

 will rife very well, but thefe will be later in flowering 

 than either of the other. The autumnal plants will 



J 



nue flowering till September; and the fpring plants 

 will flower a month later, and continue till the froft 

 fl:ops them. Their feeds ripen in autumn. 

 The ninth fort has been fuppofed to be only a variety 

 of the former, which is a great miflrake ; for although 

 there is a great fimilitude in their appearance, yet 

 they are fpecifically different, fo never alter. I have 

 cultivated this fort upward of forty years, and have 

 never obferved the leafl: variation in it. This is much 

 tenderer than the former, fo the feeds muft: be fown 

 upon a hot-bed in the fpring ; and when the plants 

 are fit to remove, they fliould be tranfplanted on a 

 frefh hot-bed to bring them forvr'ard : wlien they have 

 taken root in this bed, they mufl: have air admitted 

 to them every day, to prevent their drawing up weak, 

 and refreflied with water fparingly, becaule they arc 

 very apt to rot with much wet. When the plants 

 have obtained ftrength, they mufl: be carefully taken 

 up, and planted in leparate pots filled with light earth, 

 and fome of them placed in the fliade till they have 

 taken root ; then they m.ay be placed with other an- 

 nual plants in the pleafure-garden, where they will 



continue long- in beautv. But as thefe plants which 



are 



