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^ M'hch the\vh:ps are rufficiently laden with, this grealc, 

 they trike a knife, and fcrapc it clean off the itraps, 

 and make it no into a mafs of cakes of different fizes; 

 . this is what comes to us under the name of ladanum, 

 or labdanum. A man that 'is diligent, will gather 

 ■ three pounds two ounces per day, or more, which 

 *" they fell for a crown on the fpot •, this work Is rather 

 ^ nnpleafant than laborious, becaufe it muft be done in 

 the hotteft time of the day, and in the greateft calm-, 

 , and yet the pureft ladanum is not free from filth, 

 becaufe the winds of the preceding days have blown 

 dull: upon thefe fhrubs, which, by the glewy fub- 

 ' ftance upon the furfaces of the leaves, is thereby de- 

 • tained and mixed therewith. But t;o add weight to 

 this drug, they knead it up with a very fine blackifh 

 fand, which is found in thofe parts, as if nature her- 

 felf was minded to teach them how to adulterate this 

 commodity. It is no eafy thing to difcover this cheat, 

 w^hen the fand has been well blended with the la- 

 danum j in order to which you muft chew it for 

 fome time, to find whether it crackles between the 

 teeth, and if it doth, you muft firft diffolve it, and* 

 then ftrain it, in order to purify away what has been 

 added to it. "' '■' 





CITHAREXYLUM. Lin: Gen. ^ Plant. 678. 

 Fiddle-wood. 



The Characters are, 



- - 



- ,- H ■ 





- > 



The anpajement of the fiower' is hell-Jhaped^ of one leaf^ 

 indented in five parts. The flower is of one leaf^ funnel- 

 fho.ped^ divided at the top into five eqiml parts^ which 

 fpread open. It hath four fiamina which adhere "to the 

 tube^ two of them being longer than the other ^ terminated 

 hy cblong fum)^its with two lobes. In the center is ft- 

 iuated the roundiflo germen^ fupforting a fiender fiyle^ 

 cPowned by an obtiife double-headed ftig?na. The germen 

 ' afterward becomes a capfule with two cells ^ each having 



■ afingle feed. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 of Linnasus's fourteenth clafs, intitled Didynamia 

 Angiofpermia-, the plants of this fedtion have two 



■ long, and two (hort ftamina, and the feeds are in- 

 cluded in a capfule. ' . • . 



The Species are, 



1. CiTHAREXYLUM {Gnereum) ramis angulatis,' foliis 

 ovato-lanceolatis venis candicantibus. Fiddle-wood with 

 angular branches^ and oval fpear-fhaped leaves^ having 

 white veins. Ckharexylum arbor laurifolia Americana, 

 foliorum venis latis candicantibus. Pluk. Almag. 108. 

 Fiddle-wood with oval fpear-fhaped leaves^ which are 

 veined., indented^ and placed by threes,, angular branches .^ 

 and flowers growing in loofe bunches. This is the common 

 Fiddle-wood of America. ■ , . ■ 



2. CiTHAREXYLUM {Album) foUis oblongo-ovatis, in- 

 tegris, oppofitis, ramis angulatis, floribus fpicatis. 

 Fiddle-wood with oblong., oval., entire leaves growing op- 

 poftte., angular branches^ and flowers growing in fpikes, 

 Berberis fructu arbor maxima baccifera, racemofa, 

 foliis integris obtufis, flore albo pentapetalo odora- 

 tiffimo, fruftu nigro monopyreno. Sloan. Cat. Jam. 



' 170. Fiddle-woody or Fidelle-wood, : 

 The firft fort grows common in moft of the iflands 



' in the Weft-Indies, where it rifes to a great height, 

 and becomes a very large timber-tree ; the wood of 

 which is greatly etteemed for buildings, being very 

 durable, ■ - . ■ 



This hath an upright trunk fifty or fixty feet high, 

 fending out branches on every fide, which have fe- 

 veral angles, or ribs, running longitudinally, gar- 

 nifhed by three oval fpear-ft.aped leaves at every 

 joint, ftanding in a triangle, upon Ihort foot-ftalks. 

 The leaves are about four inches long, and one or 

 two broad, of a lively green colour, pretty much 



' notched on their edges, having feveral deep vein 



■ running from the midrib to the edges, which are of 

 a white colour on their upper fide, and very prominent 

 on their "under. The flowers come out from the fides, 

 and alfo at the end of the branches, in loofe bunches, 

 v/hich are fucceeded by fmall pulpy berries,, inclofing 

 two feeds in each. 



Tlie fecond fort is a native of the fame iflands with 



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' tiie firft. This is alfo a very large bee, whofc tinjber 

 is greatly valued in America, for buildings, binno- 

 very durable ^ and from thence I have been informed 



■ the French gave it the title of Fidelle-wood, which 

 the Engliflf' have rendered Fiddle-wood ; and fomc 

 have fuppofed that the wood was ufcd for .makint^ 

 thofe mufical inftruments, which is a great miftake. 

 This tree rifcs with a ftrong upright trunk to the 

 height of fixty feet or more, fending out many an- 

 gular branches, ftanding oppofite, which are covered 

 with a loofe whitlih bark, (from whence the inhabitants 

 give it the name of white Fiddle-wood,) garniflied with 

 oval oblong leaves, ftanding oppofite, on fhort foot- 

 ftalks j thefcareof a lucid green, and are rounded at 

 their ends. The flowers comeout in long loolc Ipikes, 

 toward the end of the branches, which are white, 

 and fmell very fweetj thefe are followed by fmall, 

 roundifli, pulpy berries,- each inclofing a fingle feed. 

 The firft fort hath been long preferved in fome of 

 the curious gardens in England, for the fake of va- 

 riety. The leaves continuing through the year, and 

 being of a fine green colour, make a pretty variety in 

 the ftove during the winter feafon : this may be pro- 

 pagated either by feeds, or cuttings; the latter is the 

 ufual method in England, Avhere the feeds are not 

 produced ; but when feeds can be obtained from 

 abroad, the plants which rife from them are mucl 

 better thin thofe raifed from cuttings. 

 The feeds of this fort fliould be fown in fmall pots 

 early in the fpring, and plunged into a frefti hot-bed 

 of tanners bark, and treated in the fame manner as 

 other exotic feeds, which are brought from hot coun- 

 tries. If the feeds are frefli, the plants v/ill appear 

 in fix or feven weeks, and in about one month more 

 will be fit to tranfplanti when this is done, the 

 plants fliould He carefully feparated, fo as not to tear, 

 or break off their roots, and each planted in a fmall 

 pot filled with light frefli earth, and plunged into 

 the hot-bed again, obferving to fliade them till they 

 have taken frefta root-, after which they fliould have 

 a large fliafe of air admitted to them in warm weather, 

 and muft be frequently, watered ^ in autumn the plants 

 fliould be removed into the bark-ftove, where it will 

 be proper to keep them the firft winter, till tlicy 

 have obtained ftrength ; then they may be afterward 

 kept in a diy ftove in winter, and in the middle of 

 fummer they may be expofed in the open air for two 

 or three months, in a warm fituation, with which 

 management the plants will make better progrefs 

 than when they are more tenderly treated. 



If the cuttings of thefe plants are planted in finall pots 



■ during the fummer months, and plunged into a 

 moderate hot-bed, they will take root, and may af- 

 terward be treated in the fame manner as the feedling 

 plants. 



The feeds of the fecond fort were fent me by William 

 WiUiams, Efq; from Jamaica, which have fucceeded 

 in the phyfic garden at Chelfea ; but as the plants 

 have not yet flowered, I can give no other account 

 of them, than what is before-mentioned; -however, 

 they feeni to be full as hardy as thofe of the firft fort, 

 and make full as great progrefs. The leaves of this 

 fort condnue all the year, and having a glofly green 

 colour, make a pretty appearance in tlie winter 

 feafon. 



CITRUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 807. Citreum. Tourn. 

 ' Inft. R. H. 620. tab. 395, 396. The Citron-tree. 

 The Characters are. 



five parts, 

 which fpri 

 fiamina.^ "a 



mt of the flower is of one leaf., indented in 

 The flower hath five oblong,, thu k pctah., 



hafe,, terminated l/y oblong fu 



fupp 



i^ 



jii^tt.., Lwtt-r.^ Lf t-r^i-in. jiC.jfJj //\.irt JUiCU U'iP fy Ci J ilL' ii( era- ^"y? 



having many cells., each containing two oval hard fi('^^- 

 Dr. Linnaeus has joined the Aurantium and Limon 

 to this genus, making them only different fpecics or 

 the faniir genus ^ but all the varieties of Citron which 



I i;-ive 



