crs, 



I have examined, have but ten flamlna in tliei.;; Ho v/- 

 whereas thole of the Orange have more, io that 

 thefe may be leparatcd on that difference ; but Tour- 

 nefo^rt adds, as a diftingu.ming charafter to tliis ge- 

 nus, the appendix which grows to tlie foot-ftalk oi 

 the 'leaf. However, I fliall not fo clofely follow Lin- 

 njcus, in joining thofe things together, which have 

 by all the writers on botany and gardening been 

 ■ kept feparate, left I flaould render this work unin- 

 rellio-ible to thofe who have not made botany their 





o 



I 



lludy. 



. The Species are, 

 fi Citrus (Mcdica) t'vudiu oblongo, majori, mucrona- 



to, cortice cralTo rugofo. Cilron wM a larger, oblong, 

 . pointed fruit, having a thick rough nW.^. - Malum 

 - Citreum dulci medulla. Fer. Heip. 72. "The Sweet 



Citron. 



ofc 



knobbed rind. Malum 



fi 



fit to remain, being incapable to make a (Irait luiivJ- 

 fome flem, which is the great beuuiv oi" chdc trees. 



CITRUL. SeePEPo. 



C L A R Y. See Sclarea. 



CLAYTONIA. Gron. Flor. Virg. Lin. Gen, Plant. 



The Characters are, 

 The flower hath a tivo-leaved cvd empaJemcnt, with a 

 tranfvcrfe bale : it hath five oblovo- oval petals whkh 



oblong ft: 



/ 



'dfivc awl-ftjaped recurved ft. 



'nmits. In the center is fJttated an oval ^ 

 fupporting afingle ftyle, crowned by a trifid ftirma. 



The 



zfterward 



feeds 



'lafiic valves, and fill 



- 1 



^„ 



.*- P V 



57. ^b€ common Citron, • - " — 



There are feveral varieties of this fruit, with which 

 r -'■' the Englifh gardens have been fuppliedfrom Genoa, 



where is the great nurfery for the feveral parts of Eu- 



■' -fH rope for this fort, as alfo Orange and Lemon-trees ; 



\.~' and the gardeners who cultivate them there, areas 



:>>>■ fond of introducing a new variety to their coUedion, 



' ■ h as the nurfery-men in England are of a new Pear, Ap- 



p pie, Peach, &c. fo that the varieties being annually 



■ :> i: mcreafed, as are many of our fruits from feeds, there 



. . li is like to be no end of the vatiety of thefe, nor of 



'""^^ the Orange and Lemon-trees. 



The fruit of the Citron is feldom eaten raw, as thofe 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl: feftion of 

 Linn^us's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 

 the flower having five ftaminaand but one ilyle, ' 

 ■ The Species are, 



1. Claytonia {Virginica) foliis lincaribus. Lin. Sp. 

 Plant. 294. Claytonia with very najrow leaves. Orni- 

 thogalo affinis Virginiana, flore purpureo pentapeta- 

 loide. Pluk. Aim. 272. 



2. Claytonia {Siberica) foliis ovatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 

 294. Clay to7na with oval leaves. Limnia. Aft. Stockh. 



1746- -■■■', 



The firfl: fort grows naturally in Virginia, from 

 whence it was fent by Mr. Clayton to England, and 

 received its tiile from him. 



It hath a fmall tuberous root, which fends out low 

 flcnder {talks in the fpring, about three inches 

 which have each tv/o or three facculent narrow leaves 



At 



high. 



\ of the Orange, but they are generally preferved, and 

 ^/made into fwectmeats, which are by fome perfons 

 M- greatly eft:eemed ; and as thefe are kept till winter 



and fpring, when there is a fcarcity of fruit for fur- I five white petals which fpread open, and are fpotted 



about two inches long, of a deep green colour. 



the top of the ftalk are four or five flowers produced, 



ftanding in a loofe bunch ; thefe are compofed of 



!• < 



, '■>■ 



'>>-' 



■(« 



■.*M 



\ 



• nifhing out the defert, they are the more valuable ; 

 but unlefs the feafons are warm, and the trees are 

 well managed, the fruit rarely ripens in England. 



:i, Somco{ the faireft fruit which I have feen growing 



r^' in England, were in the gardens of his late grace the 



'■- Duke of Argyle, at Whitton, where the trees were 



• trained againll a fouth wall, through v/hich there 

 , are flues contrived for warming the air in winter, 

 . and glafs-covers to put over them when the weather 



begins to be cold. In this place the fruit were as 

 ' ' large, and perfectly ripe, as they are in Italy or Spain. 

 '.. The feveral forts of Citrons are cultivated much in 

 the fame manner as the Orange-tree, to which I ftiall 

 :. refer the reader, to avoid repetition -, but fiiall only 

 remark, that thefe are fomewhat tenderer than the 

 Orange, and fliould therefore have a warmer fituation 

 in winter, otherwife they are very fubjeft to call their 

 fruit. They Ihould alfo continue a little longer in the 

 . ; houfe in the fpring, and be carried in again fooner in 

 ■ : the autumn ; as alfo have a warmer and better de- 

 fended fituation in the fummer, though not too much 

 ■v expofed to the fun in the heat of the day. . 

 ' And as their leaves are larger, and their flioots 

 '. ftronger, than thofe of the Orange, they require a lit- 

 tle more water in the fummer j but in winter they 

 ' fliould have but little water at each time, which 

 ■ muft be the oftener repeated. The foil ought to be 

 : much the fame as for the Orange-tree, but not quice 

 fo ftrong. 



The common Citron is much the befl: fl:ock to bud 

 any of the Orange or Lemon kinds upon, it being 

 • the ftraltefl: and freefl: growing tree. The rind is 

 fmoother, and the v/ood lefs knotty, than either the 

 Orange or Lemon ; and will take either fort full as 

 well as its own kind, which is what none of the other 

 forts will do: and thefe ftocks, if rightly managed, 

 will be very fl:rong the fecond year after lowing, ca- 

 pable to receive any buds, and will have fl-rengch to 

 force them out vigoroufly ; whereas it qftcn happens, 

 when thefe buds are inoculated into weakfl:ocks5 they 

 frequently die, or reiBviin till the fecond year before 

 they put out j and thofe that flioot the next fpring af- 

 ter buddings are ofLcntimes fo weak as hardly to be 



with, red on their infide; after thefe fall away, the 

 germen becomes a roundifli capfule divided into three 

 cells, which are filled with roundifii feeds. The flow- 



ers appear In April, and th 



after which the plant decays to the root. 



J 



The fecond fort grows naturally in Siberia. This is 

 a low plant, feldom rifing more than two or three 

 inches high -, the root is tuberous, fending: out three 



or four oval leaves ; the foot-llalk of the flower arifes 

 immediately from the root, fuftaining two or three 

 fmall white flowers of the fame fliape with thofe of 

 the firft fort, fo make but litile figure in a garden. 

 The plants are both propagated by feeds, and alfo 

 from offsets fent out from the roots : the feeds fliould 

 be fown upon a fliady border of light earth, or in 

 pots filled with the like mould, foon after they are 

 ripe \ for if they are kept out of the ground till 

 fpring, the plants will not come up rill the next year; 

 whereas thofe which are fown early in the autumn, 

 will grow the following fpring, fo that a whole year 

 is gained. When the plants come up, they will re- 

 quire no other care but to keep them clean from 

 weeds -, and in the autumn, if fom.e old tanners bark 

 is fpread over the furface of the ground, it will fe- 

 cure the roots from being injured by frofl: ; which, if 

 it fliould prove very fevere, miglit injure the young 

 plants, but in mild winters they will not require pro- 



teftion. 



The befl: time to tranfplant the roots is about Micha- 

 elmas, when they are inactive •, but as they are fmall, 

 if great care is not taken in opening the ground, 

 the roots may be buried and loil*; for they are of a 

 dariv colour, fo are not eafily diitinguiflicd fi'om the 



ground. 



C L A V I C L E [Claviculus, Lat.^ a clafper or tendril. 



CLEMATIS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 616.^ Clematitis. 

 C. B. P. 300. [Kxr/^5;TK, of K.v;?^aa, a tv/ig or clafper, 

 &c, becaufe it climbs up trees with clafpers, like 

 thofe of Vines. Hence it is called Virgultum duc- 

 tile. Ranunculus obfequiofus •, and alio Antrogeno- 

 mene, and Flammula, as though producing a car- 

 buncle i for the leaves being bruifed, and applied to 

 the flun, burn it into carbuncles, as it is in the pefti- 



lence ; 



