

4 



QL 



This Tort may be propagated by feeds, or parting tlie 

 roots ; the latter is commonly praCtifed where there 

 are any of the plants, but the feeds are more eafily 

 conveyed to a diftant place. The beft time to part 

 the roots is in autumn i it delights in fliade, and 

 requires no farther care but to keep it clean from 

 weeds. 



The fecond fort grows naturally on the Alps, and 

 on the mountains of Auftria. This rifes with an 

 upright fingle flalk near four feet iiigh, garnilhed 

 with finuated leave^^ which are very. prickly, and 

 embrace the ftalks with their bafe. The flowers 



furrounded 



clofe 



are produced at the top of die flalk, 

 by a clufter of broad prickly leaves, fitting 

 to the ftalk ; they are of a whitifn yellow, and ap- 

 pear at the fame time with the former fort. It is a 

 perennial plant, which may be propagated in the fame 

 manner as the former, and requires a moift foil and a 

 fhady fituation. 



The third fort grows naturally in Siberia, from 

 whence the feeds were fent to the imperial garden at 

 Peterfburgh, where they fucceeded, and produced 

 feeds, part of which were fent me by the profeflbr of 

 botany ; this hath a perennial root, compofed of 

 thick flcfhy fibres. The leaves which rife immedi- 

 ately from the root are near a foot long, and near fix 

 inches broad in the middle, diminifhing toward each 



end, and at a little diftance from the Bafc are much 

 contracted, but are wider at the end •, thefe have 

 fcarce any foot-ftalks ; they are of a deep green on 

 their upper fide, but white on their under, and Iharply 

 fawed on their edges, ^ The ftalks rife more than fix 

 feet high, fending out on each fide fmall branches 

 above a foot long; the ftalks are ftriated, and of a 

 reddilh colour; they are garnifhed with heart-ftiaped 

 leaves, which almoft embrace the ftalks with their 

 ■' /bafe, ind are of the lame colour with thofe below •, 

 ■' each branch is terminated by one large globular head 

 of yellowifti flowers, included in a fcaly empalement, 

 eacK fcale ending with a fliarp fpine. This flowers 

 in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. It may be 

 ' propagated in the fame manner as the two former 

 forts, but requires a moift foil and fliady fituation ; 

 and if the weeds are kept down, there will be no far- 

 ther care required. The inhabitants of Siberia eat 

 the tender ftalks of this plant, when boiled, inftead of 



other vegetables. 



This is a perennial plant, which may be propagated 

 by parting the roots : the beft time for doing of this 

 is in autumn, that the plants may get good root in 

 winter; for thofc which are tranfplanted in the fpring, 

 do not flower well the firft year, unlefs they are 

 planted in a moift foil. As thefe plants grow very 

 large, they are not proper furniture for fmall gardens, 

 where they will take up too much room ; tor they 

 ftiould not be planted nearer than four feet from each 

 other, for if they are too near any other ])lants, they 

 ■will rob them of -tlieir nourifliment ; for the roots of 

 thefe extend to a great diftance, fo that two or three 

 of thefe plants, for variety, arc fufficient for any gar- 

 den, which may be planted at a diftance from choicer 

 filants. 

 t is alfo propagated by feeds, which may be fown in 

 the fpring on a bed of common ground, in the fame 

 manner as the other forts ; and will only require to be 

 thinned, and kept clean from weeds till autumn, when 

 they may be tranfplanted where they are defigned to 



rj 



I. t 



> t 



/ ' 



remain. 



J - 



COA. See HippocRATEA. *' 



C O A S T-M A R Y. Sec TanaceI-um. 



COCCIGRIA. See Rhus. 



COCHLEAR I A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 720. Tourn. 

 Inft. R. H« 215. tab. loi. [fo called of Cochleare, 

 Lat, a fpoon, becaufe the leaves of this plant are hol- 

 lowed like a fpoon. J Spoonwoit, or Scurvy Grafs. 



The Characters are, 

 ^he empalement of the flovocr is compofed of four oval 

 concave leaves: Theflo'wcr hath four petals ^ placed in 

 form of a crofs^ which fpread open^ and are twice as large 

 lU the leaves of the empalement y it hath f!,\' Jtamina, 



four of 'U'hich are longer than the other tvjo \ thefe a: t 

 terminated hy oltufe compreffed fummits. The germen is 

 heart 'Jhapedy fupporting afhcrt ftngUftyk^ cro'ujned b\ au 

 okufe Jiigma : this afterzvard becomes a gibbciis^ hejst- 

 Jhapedf compreffed pod^ faftened to the Jlyle^ having 

 tzvo cells, in each of which are lodged four 'roundijh 

 feeds. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft Teftion of 

 Linn^us's fifteenth clafs, intitled Tetradynamia SiH- 

 culofa. The flowers of this clafs have four long and 

 two ftiort ftamina, and thofe of this feftion have very 

 fliort pods. 



The Species are, 



1. Cochlearia {Officinalis) foHis radicalibus fubrotun- 

 . dis, caulinis oblongis fubfinuatis. Flor. Lapp. 256. 



Scurvy Grafs whofe lower leaves are roundifh^ and thofe 

 on the fialks oblong and Jinuated. Cochlearia folio fub- 



rotundo. C. B. P. no. Round-leaved Scurvy Grafs, 



2. Cochlearia (-^w^//r^) foliisovato-lanceolatis, finua- 



Scurvy Grafs with oval fpear- 



Cochlearia folio fi- 



tis. Flor. Ang. 248. 



fhaped leaves^ which are finuated. 



nuato. C. B. P. no. Sea Scurvy Grafs. 



3. Cochlearia {Gr<enlandica) foliis reniformibus, car- 

 nofis integerrimis. Hort. Cliff 498. Scurvy Grafs with 

 kidney-fhaped leaves, which are flefhy and entire. Cocli- 

 learia minima ex montibus Wallias. Sher. Boerh. Ind. 

 alt. 2. p. 10. 



4. Cochlearia (Danica) foliis haftatis, angulatis. Flor. 

 Suec. 196. Scu7'vy Grafs with angular fpear-foapcd 

 leaves. Cochlearia Armorica. H. R. Par. Danijh^ or 

 Ivy-leaved Scurvy Grafs. 



5. Cochleria {Armoracia) foliis radicalibus lanceolatis, 

 crenatis, caulinis incifis. Hort. Cliff. 332. Scurvy 

 Grafs whofe lower leaves are fpear-fhapid and crenatedj 

 and thofe on the ftalks jagged. Raphanus Rufticanus. 

 C. B.P.96. Horfe Radtfh. 



6. Cochlearia {Glaftifolia) foliis caulinis cordato-fagit- 

 tatis, amplexicaulibus, Hort. Cliff. 332. Scurvy Grafs 

 whofe upper leaves are arrow-pointed, heart-fhaped, and 



Cochlearia altiffima Sflafti folio. 







embrace the ftalks, 

 Inft. R. H. 216. 



■ 



The firft fort grows naturally oh the fea-lhore in the 

 north of England, and in Holland, but is cultivated 

 for ufe in the gardens near London. This is an an- 

 nual plant, for the feeds are fbwn, and the plants de- 

 cay within the compafs of one year, but the feeds 

 ftiould be fown early in autumn ; this hath a fibrous 

 root, from which arife many round fucculent leaves, 

 which are hollowed like a fpoon j the ftalks rife from 

 fix inches to a foot high ; thefe are brittle,' and gar- 

 niflied with leaves, which are oblong and finuated. 

 The flowers are produced in cluftcrs at the end of 

 the branches, confifting of four fmall white petals^ 

 which are placed in form of a crofs, and are fuc- 

 ceeded by ftiort, roundifh, fwelling feed-vefiTels, hav- 

 ing two cells, divided by a thin Jpartit ion •, in each of 

 thefe is lodged four or five roundifh feeds. It flowers 

 in April, and the feeds ripen in June, foon after 

 which it decays. 



This fort is propagated in gardens for medicinal ufes, 

 which is done by fowing the feeds in July, foon after 

 they are ripe, in a moift fliady fpot of ground ; and 

 when the plants are come up, they fhould be thinned, 

 fo as to be left at about four inches diftance each 

 way. The plants that are taken our may be tranf- 

 ■' planted into other fliady borders, if there is occa- 

 fion tor them, otherwife they may be hoed out (as Is 

 pradtifed for Onions, Carrots, &c.) and at the fame 

 time all the weeds may be hoed down, fo as to clear 

 the plants entirely from them, that they may have 

 room to grow ftrong. In the fpring thefe plants will 

 be fit for ufe -, and thofe that are iiiffered to remain 

 will run up to feed in May, and perfeft their feeds in 

 June. If this plant is fown in the fpring, the kcd^ 

 feldom grow well, therefore the beft time is foon after 

 they are ripe. The plants rarely live after producing 

 feeds, fo that it ftiould be fown every year, to have it 

 for ufe. 

 The Sea Scurvy Grafs is alfo ufed in medicine •, bur 



this grows in the fait marfties in Kent and Eflcx, 



where 



