4 ■ 



." ^ 



. £ 'v 



O M 



• rotten dung, from old hoc-beds ; or for thofe plants 

 which delight in a cool foil, a quantity of rotten 

 heats dung is preferable. The proportion of this 

 muft be according to the quality of the earth ; for if 

 that is poor, there fhould be one third part of dung, 

 but if it be rich, a fourth part or lefs will be fufficient. 



. Thefe, when well incorporated and the parts divided, 

 will require no other mixture, unlefs the earth is in- 

 clinable to bind, in which cafe it will be proper to 

 add fome fand or fea-coal afhes to it ; if fea-fand can 

 ■be eafily procured, that is the beft, the next to that 

 . is drift-fand ; but that from pits is by no means proper. 



• The proportion of this mull be according to the na- 



- ture of the earth, for if that is ftiff, there muft be a 

 crrcater proportion ufed, but this Ihould not exceed a 



■ fifth part, unlefs it is very ftrong, in which cafe it 

 will require more, and a longer time to lie, and muft 

 be often turned over before it is ufed. 

 The next compoft, which is defigncd for plants 

 which do not require fo good earth, and naturally 

 grow on loofe foils, fhould be half of the before-men- 

 tioned earth from a pafture, or that from a kitchen- 

 garden ; and if thefe are inclinable to bind., there 

 fhould be a third part fand, and the other part rotten 



, tan, which will be of great ufe to keep the pares di- 

 vided, and let the moifture pafs off. 

 The compofition for moft of the fucculent plants, is 

 prepared with the following materials ; the earth from 



- a common, where it is light, taken on the furface, 



- one half, the other half fea or drift-fand, and old 

 lime-rubbifti fcreened of equal parts j thefe, well 

 mixed and often turned over, I have found to anfwer 

 better than any other compoft, for moft of the very 

 fucculent plants. 



The other fort of compoft, which is defigned^for 

 plants that delight in a very loofe, light, rich earth; 

 ihould be made of light earth taken from a kitchen- 



. garden, which ha5 been well dunged, and thoroughly 

 wrought, like thofe near London, one half; of rotten 



'". tanners bark one third, and the other part mud from 



; the fcburing of ditches, or from the bottoms of 



T.ponds, where the foil is fat : but this mud ihould lie 

 cxpofed in fmall heaps a whole year, and often turned 



•over before it is mixed with the other, and afterward 

 frequently turned and mixed, for eight months or 

 a year before it is ufed* 

 In all mixtures, where rotten wood may be required, 

 if the rotten tanners bark, which is taken from old 

 hot-beds is ufed, that will aniwer every purpofe of 

 the other; and wherever fand is necefTary in any 

 compoft, the fea-fand ihould always be preferred to 

 all other, as it abounds with more falts ; but this 

 fliould not be ufed frefh, becaufe the falts fhould be 

 cxpofed to the air, which'will loofen the particles, and 

 thereby render them better adapted for the nutriment 

 of vegetables. .•• . -. . 



. There are fome who have diredted the ufe of rotten 

 leaves of vegetables, as an excellent ingredient in 

 ; moft compofts ; but from many years experience, I 

 can affirm, they are of little ufe, and contam the leaft 

 quantity of vegetable pafture, of any drelTing which 

 is ufed. Others, who never have had any experience 

 in the culture of plants, have direfted different com- 

 pofts for almoft every plant ; and thefe compofts con- 

 lift of fuch a variety of ingredients, as greatly to re- 

 femble the prefcriptions of a quack doftor ; for no 



. perfon who has been converfant in the bufinefs of 

 gardening, could be guilty of fuch grofs abfurdities : 

 for it is well known, that a few different compofts 

 will be fufficient for all the known plants in the 

 world. But thofe who pretend to give direftion for 

 the culture of plants from theory only, begin at the 

 wrong end, for the true knowledge of gardening or 

 agriculture, muft be from experience, and is not to 

 be obtained in a garret. 

 The feveral forts of drefling for land, will be par- 



, ticularly treated under their refpeftive titles, and in 

 general they will be mentioned under the article of 

 Dung and Manure.- 



I ^ 





. » 



In making of any compoft, great care fhould be had, 



CON 



that the feveral parts are properly mixed together, 

 and not to have too mv.di of any one fore thrown 



together; therefore, w^hen three or four feveral forts 

 are to be mixed together, there fliould be a man or 

 two placed to each fort, in proportion to the quantity 

 of each ; for if two parts of any one fort arc rcquifitc 

 to be added, there Ihould be two men put to that, 

 and but one to each of the other ; and thefe men 

 muft be careful to fprcad each fort in fuch a manner 

 over each other, as that they may be exactly mixed 

 together. Another thing which Ihould be obferved 

 is, never to la^ thefe compofts in too large heaps, 

 but rather continue them in length, laying them up 

 in a ridge, fo that the fun and air may more eafiH* 

 penetrate through it : and, as thefe compofts Ihould 

 (if poffible) be made a year before they are ufed, 

 that they may enjoy a fummer's fun, and winter's 

 froft, they Ihould be frequently turned over, which 

 will prevent the growth of weeds, and expofe every 

 part of the heaps equally to the fun and air, which is 

 of great advantage to all forts of compofts ; for the 

 more they are expofed to the infiucnccs of thefe, 

 . the better will the earth be prepared for vegetation, 

 which is evinced by the fallowing of land, which, 

 when rightly managed, is equivalent to a dreffing. 



COMPOUND FLOWERS are fuch as confift 

 of many florets, or femiflorets, or both together, 

 which are included in one common empalement, fo 

 makeup what is commonly called one whole flower. 



CONE. - A cone is a hard, dry, feed-vefTcl of a co- 



' Jnical figure, confifting of feveral woody parts; and 

 .is, for .thP-mofl partfcaly, adhering clofely together, 

 . and feparating when ripe. -. ' / ... . . , :.: , 



C O N I f E R O U S-T R E E S are fuch as bear cones; 

 -as, the Cedar of Lebanon, Fir, Pine, &c. . 



CONIUM. Lin; Gen. Plant. 299, Cicuta. Tourn. 



' Inft. R. H. 306. tab. i 5b. Hemlock.;. J. 



4^ ' 



The Characters are, . 



umbellift 



A: 



r, 



*v\,',a; 



- \ 



2. 



pofed of feveral fmall ones termed r ay s^ which fpread opn^ 

 the rays or fmall umbels are alfo fpread in the like manner, 



_ Both thefe have involucrumSy compofed of many fhort leaves. 



. ^he petals of the greater umbel are uniform ; each flower 

 is compofed of five unequal heart-floaped petals^ which turn 

 inward j they have five ftamina^ which are terminated by 

 roundifh fummits. The germen^ which is fttuated under 

 the flower y fupports two reflexedftyles, crowned by obtufe 



ftigmas. ihe germen afterward becomes a roundifb chan- 

 nelled fruity divided into two partSy containing two feeds y 

 which are convex and furrowed on one ftde^ and plain mt 

 the other. 



This^ genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 . of Linn^eus's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Digynia^ 

 the flowers having five ftamina and two ftyles. 

 The Species are, 



CoNiuM {Macidatum) feminibus ftriatis. Hort. Cliff. 

 .92. Conium with ftriated feeds. Cicuta major. C. B. P. 

 1 60, Greater Hemlock. 



CoNiuM (Temifolium) feminibus ftriatis, foliolis tc- 

 nmovihus. Conium with ftriated feeds and narrower leaves, 

 Cicuta major, foliis tenuioribus. C. B. P. 160. Greater 

 Hemlock with narrower leaves, '' ' ' " ' '■■' ■*' ■ 



3 



{Jff 



92 



feeds, Caucalis Africana, 



folio minore, Rutje. Boerh. Ind. alt. Sp. 63. 

 The firft fort grows naturally on the fide of banks 

 and roads in many parts of England ; this is a bien- 

 nial plant, which perilhes after it hath ripened feeds. 

 It hath a long taper root like a Parfnep, but much 

 fmaller. The ftalk is fmooth, fpotted with purple, 

 and rife« from four, to upwards of fix feet high, 

 branching. out toward the top into feveralfmaller 

 ftalks, garniihed with decompounded leaves, whofe 

 lobes are cut at the top into three parts v thefe are of 

 a lucid, green, and have a difagreeable fmell. The 

 ftalks are terminated by umbels of white flowers, 

 each being compofed of about ten rays (or fniall 

 umbels) and have a great number of flowers, which 

 fpread open, each fitting upon a diftinft foot-ftalk ; 

 the feeds are fmall and channelled, and like thofe or 



Xnife^'J. 



7 







-" 



■■■i 



;^ 



■ i 



I 



4 



I 



i 



J 



i 



