R A 



ihould by no means be headed or cut down i when 

 theie plants arc upon a poor chalky foil, they make 

 rrrcat progrefs, and the wood is very white and hard, 

 lo has been often ufed for making cogs for mills, 

 and many other purpofes where hard tough timber is 



wanted. 



It may alfo be propagated by layers m the fame 



manner as the Lime-tree and Elm, but thefe fhould 

 be laid m the young wood ; but they are two years 

 before they have fufficient roots to tranfplant. I have 

 alfo raifed a few plants from cuttings, which were 

 planted in autumn, in a Ihady border, but there was 

 not more than one eighth part of the cuttings which 

 fucceeded j therefore I would recommend the raifmg 

 them from feeds, for the trees fo raifed grow much 

 larger and ftraiter than thofe which are raifed either 

 from layers or cuttings. 



The tree will take by grafting, or budding it upon 

 Pear-ftocks very well, and Pears will take by grafting 

 upon thefe trees, fo that there is a nearer affinity be- 

 tween the Crataegus and Pear, than there is between 

 either of thefe and the Mefpilus ; for although both 

 thefe will fometimes take upon the Mefpilus, yet 

 neither of them thrive fo well, or laft fo long, when 

 grafted, or budded upon thofe ftocks, as they do 

 upon each other; therefore Tournefort, who has 

 joined the Crataegus in his feftion, with the Pear and 

 Qtiince, has come nearer to the natural divifion of 



G Pv A 



parts of Italy, tlus rifc wlrh a v/ocdv trunk .Vxrjt. 

 twenty feet high, dividino; into ma!iv branchc';, v/hl.h 

 are covered with a purpiiih iuutccd'b.irk, and cloll^l- 

 garniflied with oblong iawcdk-aves, ftandin;^;-.l:crniVc', 

 on very fliorc foot-llalks^ they arc about thivc !nohc:> 

 long, and one and a half broad, in the bruadeil pare, 

 leffening toward both ends -, tlicy arc llightly i\\\vcd 

 on their edges, and of a deep green oiTboth nd.e>. 

 The flowers are produced at the end of the brandies 

 in fmall bunches, which have rarely more than four 

 or five flowers in each; they are white, and much 

 fmaller than thofe of the former forts-, thefe are fuc- 

 ceeded by fruit about the fize of the comnion I- lav/, 

 which is of a dark brown colour v/hen ripe. It flow- 

 ers in May, and the fruit ripens in autumn. 

 The fourth fort is a native of North America, but 

 has been many years cultivated in the Englifli gar- 

 dens, where it is known by the title of Cockfpur 

 Haw. Of this there are two fpecies, one of which 

 has no fpikes on the branches -, but the other has 

 ftrong thorns which are curved downwards, greatly 

 refembling the fpur of a cock, from w^lience it had 

 this appellation : in other refpefts both forts agree in 

 the form of their leaves, their flowers and fruit. 

 However, Dr. Linn^us has been ill informed of the 

 two forts by Kalm, who went to America, and is no^v 

 profeflTor at Abo in Sweden ; for the doctor has added 

 the appellation of Cockfpur to the fifth fort here 

 their genera, than thofe who havejoined the Crataegus J mentioned, which has long been known in England 



to the Mefpilus. 



There is another fpecies of this tree which grows 



naturally about Verona, from whence I have received 



dried famples of it, but they were without flower and j divides into many ftrong branches, fo as to forma 



by the title of Virginia L'Azarole. 



The fourth fort rifes to the height of near twenty 



feet in England, where the trunk becomes large, and 



fruit, and came over by the fame title as the former ^ 

 for as there is no other growing in that neighbour- 

 hood, they have fuppofed it to be the 



common 



fort ; but if that is the Aria of Theophraftus, thofe 

 trees Which grow in England are not, for the leaves 

 of the fort from Verona are fpear-lhaped, and above 



large head -, the leaves are large, oval, and deeply 

 fawed on their edges, fo as almoll to divide them into 

 lobes, which are placed without order ; the flowers 

 come out from the fide of the branches in cluiters ; 

 they are large, compofed for the mofl: part of five 

 petals, which fpread open, and are fucceeded by 



an inch long, and not fo broad by an inch as thofe I pretty large Pear-^fliaped fruit of a fcarlet colour. It 



of the Englifh, and the nerves on the under fide of | flowers in May, and the fruit ripens in September. 



the leaves are purplifli, the leaves terminating in 



acute points, fo that I make no doubt of its being a 



different fpecies ; but as I have not feen the growing 



tree, I would not enumerate it till I had been 



better informed. 



The fifth fort is generally known by the tide of Vir- 

 ginia L/Azarole ^ this rifes with a ftrong ftem to the 

 height of fifteen feet or more, fending out many ir- 

 regular branches covered with a light brown bark, and 

 have a few thorns on their fides •, the leaves have fliort 



The fecond fort grows naturally in many parts of foot-fl;alks, they are narrow at tlieir bafe, but widen 

 England, and is chiefly found upon ftrong foils; it I upward fo as to become almoft of an oval figure, of 



formerly grew in great plenty in Cane- Wood, near 

 Hampftead ; and lately there was fome young trees 

 growing in Bifliop's-Wood, near the fame place ; but 

 in many parts of Hertfordfliire there are large trees 

 now growing : this rifes to the height of forty or fifty 

 feet, with a large trunk, fpreading at the top into 

 many branches, fo as to form a large head. The 

 young branches are covered with a purplifh bark, 

 marked with white fpots, and are garnifhed with 

 leaves placed alternately, ftanding on pretty long 

 foot-ftalks ; thefe are cut into many acute angles, like 

 thofe of the Maple-tree ; they are near four inches 

 long, and three broad in the middle, having feveral 

 fmaller indentures toward the top, of a bright green 

 on their upper fide, but a little woolly on their un- 

 der. The flowers are produced in large bunches to- 

 ward the end of the branches, they are white, and 

 fliaped like thofe of the Pear-tree, but fmaller, and 

 ftand upon longer foot-ftalks ; thefe appear in May, 

 and are fucceeded by roundifh comprefltd fruit, which 

 are fhaped like large Haws, and ripen late in au- 

 tumn, when they are brown ; and if kept till they are 

 foft, in the fame way as Medlars, they have an 

 agreeable acid flavour. The fruit of this tree is an- 

 nually fold in the London markets in autumn. 

 The wood of this tree is hard, and very white, and 

 IS very ufeful for many purpofes j but particularly 

 fo to the millwrights. It may be propagated in the 

 fame way as the former fort, but requires a ftrong 



The third fort grows naturally upon mount Baldus, 

 from whence I received it, and on other mountainous 





a lucid green on their upper fide, and pretty deeply 

 fawed on their edges ; the flov/ers are white, pretty 

 large, and compofed of five petals which expand : 

 thefe are fucceeded by large fruit of a fcarlet colour ; 

 it flowers the end of May, and the fruit ripens in 

 September, . , :,. 



The fixth fort grows naturally in North America ; 

 this rifes wdth a ftrong ftem to the height of ten or 

 twelve feet, fending out many ftrong irregular 

 branches, which, while young, is covered with a 

 bright brown bark, but that on the older branches is 

 of a fighter colour ^ the leaves are oval, fpear-fliaped, 

 flightly fawed on their edges, of a bright green on 

 their upper fide, but paler on their under ; fometimes 

 they are placed by pairs, at others three or four come 

 out from the fame joint; the flowers are produced in 

 large clufters toward the end of the branches, forming 

 a fort of corymbus, and are fucceeded by roundiili 

 fruit of a middling fize, and a deep red colour. As 

 the branches of this fort flioot very ftrong, and are 

 generally interwoven with each other, being armed 

 with veiy long ftrong thorns, it is very proper for 

 outward fences round gardens or fields. 

 The feventh fort grov/s naturally in Italy and tlie 

 - Levant, where the fruit is ferved up to table with 

 theii' defert; this hatha ftrong ftem rifing twenty 

 feet high, having many ftrong irregular brancl-es, 

 covered with a light-coloured bark •, the leaves are in 

 fliape fomewhat like thofe of the common Hawthorn, 

 but they are much larger, liave broader lobes, and 

 are of a paler colour ; the flowers come out in fmall 

 clufters from the fide of the branches, which are in 



4K 



ftiape 



