* H 



C R 



Water, bin if muft not be given them too plentifully^ 

 ei*peciaUy in winter. Thelb forts flower at every fea- 

 Ibn of t!ic year, which renders them more valuable ; 

 for where there are many plants, there will be almoft 

 a per;>etual fucceffion of flowers, which emit a very 

 agreeable odour. 

 C R I T H M U M. Lin. Gen. Plant, ^o^^ Tourn. Infl:. 

 R. H. 317. tab. 169. Samphire. 



The Characters are, 

 // is a plant with an umhelliferous flo^xer \ the griat um- 

 bel is heinifphericaly and conipofed of 'many fmaller of the 

 fame figure ; the involucrum of the general umhel is com- 



■ pofed of feveral fpear-fhapcd leaves-, thofe of the parti- 

 cular umbels have very narroiv haves the length of the 



■ uynhel i the general umbel is uniform •, the flowers have 

 '■ five oval inflextd petals^ which are almoft equal \ they 



■ have five fiamina the length of the petals^ which are ter- 

 minatedby roundiflo funiynits. The germen isfttuated un- 

 der the fiower^ fupporting two reflexed ftyles^ crowned by 

 obtufe ftignias. The germen afterzvard becomes an oval 

 comprefj'ed fruity dividing into two parts, each having one 

 compreffed, elliptical, furrowed feed. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 of Linna^us's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Digynia, 



' the flowers having five ftamina and two ftyles. 

 The Species are, 



1. Crithmum (MznVmz^w?) f^^llolis lanceolatis carnofis. 

 Hort. Cliff. 98; Samphire with fpear-fhapedflefloy leaves. 

 Crithmum five Fceniculum maritimum minus. C.B.P. 



• 288. Samphire, 



2. Crithmum {Pyrenaicum) foliolis lateralibus bis trifi- 



dis. Hort. Cliff. 98. Samphire whofe fmaller leaves on 

 their fides are doubly trifid. Apium Pyrenaicum thap- 



- ficae facie. Tourn. Inft. 305. ^ , .^ 



f The firft fort grows upon the rocks by the fea-fide, 

 in many parts of England. This hath a root com- 

 pofed of many flrong fibres, which penetrate deep 

 ^ into the crevices of the rocks, fending up feveral 

 . fielhy fucculent ftalks, which rife about two feet high, 



■ garnifhed with winged leavesj which are compofed of 

 . three or five divifions, each of which hath three or 

 . five fmall, thick, fucculent leaves near half an inch 



long ; the foot-ftalks of the leaves embrace the ftalks 

 at their bafe. The flowers are produced in circular 

 umbels at the top of the ftalks ; thefe are of a yellow 

 , colour, compofed of five petals, which are near 

 equal in fize, and are afterward fucceeded by feeds 



■ fomewhat like thofe of Fennel, but are larger. This 

 ' herb is pickled, and efteemed very comfortable to 



the ftomach, and is very agreeable to the palate ; it 

 ■provokes urine gently, Fcmoves the obftruftions of 

 the vifcera, and creates an appetite \ it is commonly 

 ufed for fauce j it is gathered on the rocks where it 

 grows naturally, but the people who fupply the mar- 

 kets with it, feldom bring the right herb, but inftead 

 of it they bring a fpecies of After, which is called 

 golden Samphire, but hath a very different flavour 

 from the true, nor has it any of its virtues. This 

 grows in greater plenty, and upon the plain ground 

 which is overflowed by the fait water ; whereas, the 

 true Samphire grows only out of the crevices of per- 

 pendicular rocks, where it is very difficult to come at. 

 It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 



. This plant is with difficulty propagated in gardens, 

 nor will it grow fo vigorous with any culture, as \x 

 does upon rocks ; but if the plants are planted on a 

 moift gravelly foil, they will thrive tolerably well, and 



: may be preferved fome years, Ttmay be propagated 

 either by feeds or parting the roots. 



* The fecond fort is by Tournefort ranged in his ge- 

 nus of Apium. This grows naturally on the Pyrenean 

 mountains. It is a biennial plant, which doth not 

 flower till the fecond year, and periihes foon after the 

 feeds are ripe. There are two or three forts of this 

 plant, which differ in their outer appearance, but I 

 am not certain of their being diftinft fpecies. One of 

 thefe is titled by Mr, Ray, Apium montanum five 

 petr^um album. This is of humbler growth than 

 the other ; the fmall leaves are broader, and not fo 



much cut on their edges, and are of a paler green ; 



R 



M 



thefe plants ixt preferved in a few gardens for the fake 

 of variety; they are propagated by feeds, which 

 Ihould be fown in the autumn where they are dcfirrn. 

 I ed to remain, and will require no other culture but 

 to keep them clean from weeds^ and thin them wherd 

 they arc too clofe. 



CRISTA GALLii See Pedicularis. 



CRISTA PAVONIS. See Poinciana. 



CROCUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 53. Tourn. Inft. R. fj, 

 350. tab. 183, 184. [isfo called of the youth Crocu^ 

 who (as the poets feign) loved Smilax with fo violent 

 a paffion, that, by reafon of impatience, he was turned 

 into a flower of his name.] Saffron* 



The Characters are. 

 It hath afpdtha or fheath of &?ie leaf The flower bat^ 

 one petal, which is deeply cut into fix oblong fegments, 

 which are equaL It hath three fiamina which arefhortef 

 than the petal, terminated by arrow-pointed fumtnits. "The 

 roundifh germen isfttuated at the bottom of the tube,fup* 

 porting a fiender fiyle, crowned by three twifted fiigmas, 

 which are f awed. The germen afterzvard bee o^nes a round- 

 ifh fruit, with three cells, filled with roundifh feeds. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feditfn of 

 Linnaeus's third clafs, intitled Triandria Monogynia, 

 the flower having three ftamina and one ftyle. 

 The Species are, 



1. Crocus (Sativus) fpatha univalvi radicali, corollse 

 tubo longiflimo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 36^ Saffron with a 

 fpatha near the root, having one valve, and a long tube 

 to the flower. Crocus fativus. C. B^ P. 6^, Cultivated 

 Saffron. 



2. Crocus (^Autumnalis) fpatha univalvi pedunculate, 

 coroUse tubo breviffimo. Saffron with a fpatha on the 



r foot-ftalk^ having one valve, and a very fhort tube to tht 

 ^tfze;^r. ' Crocus juncifolius autumnalis, flore magno 

 purpurafcente. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. 120. 



3. Crocus (F<?r«»j) foajJia bivalvi radicali, fioribus fef- 

 filibus. Crocus with a bivahe fpatha near the root, and 

 fltruoers fitting clofe to the grotind,^^ Crocus vernus latifo- 



lius, flavp flore varius. C. B. P. 66. Commonly called 

 Bifhop^s Crocus. 





N. 



4. Crocus (Biflora) fpatha biflora corolla tubo tenu- 

 ifTimo, Crocus with two flowers in each fpatha, having 

 .very narrow tubes. Crocus vernus, ftriatus, vulgaris. 

 Par, Bat. Ordinary, fpring, ftriped Crocus. 

 There are a much greater variety of thefe flowerat 

 than are here enumerated ; but as moft, if not all of 

 them are only feminal variations, I thought it would te 

 needlefs to particularize them here, elpecially as there 

 are frequently new varieties obtained from feeds. 

 Thofe which are here enumerated, I think muft be al-* 

 lowed to be fpecifically different, flnce they have 

 many diftinguifhing charafters, which are fuiEcient 

 to determine the ipecific difference in plants. 

 The firft fort is the plant which produces the Saffron^' 

 which is a well known drug : this hath a roundifh 

 bulbous root as large as a fmall Nutmeg, which is a 

 little compreffed at the bottom, and is covered with 

 a coarfe, brown, netted flcin j from the bottom of this 

 bulb is fent out many long fibres, which ftrike pretty 

 deep into the ground ; from the upper part of the 

 root come out the flowers, which, together with the 

 young leaves, whofe tops juft appear, are clofely 

 wrapped about by a thin fpatha or Iheath, which parts 

 within the ground, and opens on one fide. The tube 

 of the flower is very long, arifing immediately froirr 

 the bulb, without any foot-ftalk, and at the top is 

 divided into fix oval obtufc fegments, which arc 

 equal, of a purple blue colour. In the bottom of 



, the tube is fituated a roiindifti germen, fupporting a 

 flcnder ftyle, which is not more than half the length 

 of the petal, crowned with three oblong golden ftig- 

 mas (which is the Saffron ;) thefe fpread afunder each 

 way. The ftyle is attended by three ftamina, whofe 

 bafes are inferted in the tube rf the petaly a^id rife to 

 the height of the ftyle, where they are terminated by 



■ arrow-pointed fummits. This plant flowers in 0£(.o^ 

 ber, and the leaves keep growing all the winter, bus 

 it never produces any feeds hercr 



\ 



