L i 



C Y N 



foliis rotundiovibus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 93. Round- 

 Icavcd Montpelier Scammojiy. ' , _ ^ 



3. CvNANCHUM {Subtrcftim) caulc volubili inferne fu- 

 bcrofo fifib, foliis cordatis acurninatis. Hort. Cliff. 

 79. Cynnnchum ivish a Hvining fungvus Jialk, hazing 

 Jijjurcs en the under fide ^ and hcart-JIjapvd pointed leaves. 

 Feriploca Carolinienfis, flore minore llellato. Hort. 



Elth. 30a. . _ 



■4. CyxanChum (Hirluw) caule volubili fruticofo, in- 

 fcrni lubcrofo fiflb, foliis ovato-cordatis. Hort. Cliff. 



io-ivcr part is fmgons^ having fijfu 

 fiaped leaves. Pcriploca fcanden 

 maximo. Plum. Cat. 2. 



ivhofe 



, 5. Cynanchum {ErcHum) caule ere6lo divaricato, foliis 

 cordatis glabris. Hort. Cliff. ^(). Cynanchum with an 



'P' *X 



heart-Jhaped fi 



Apocynum folio fubrotundo. C. B. P. 302.^ 

 6. CvNANCHUM {/jfpenim) caule volubili fruticofo, fo- 

 liis cordatis acutis afperis, floribus lateralibus. Cy- 

 nanchum with a twining firubby ftalk^ heart-fljaped-, 

 feinted^ rough kaves^ and flowers growing from the fides 

 of the fialks. Apocynum fcandens foliis cordatis af- 

 peris, floribus amplis patulis luteis, Houfl. MSS. 

 Tlie firft and fecond forts grow naturally about Mont- 

 pelicr ', tht'fe have perennial creeping roots, but an- 

 nual ftalks, wliich decay to the root every autumn, and 

 ' rife afrefli in the fpring; thefe ftalks twifl themfelves 

 like Hops, round wha'tever plants are near them, and 

 rife to the height of fix or eight feet; the firfl of 

 thefe is garnifhed with oblong, heart-fhaped, fmooth 

 leaves, ending in acute points, and are placed by pairs 

 oppofite on long foot-ltalks j the flowers come out in 

 fmall bunches from_ the wingsof the leaves; they are of 

 a dirty white colour, and divided into five acute feg- 

 ments, which fpread open in form pf a ftar, Thefe ap- 

 pear in June and July, but are not fucceeded by any 

 fced-veffels in England, which may be occafioned by 

 their roots creeping fo far under groiind j for mofl of 

 thQfe plants which propagate themfelves fo much by 

 their roots, become barren of feeds, efpecially if their 

 /roots have full liberty to extend. 

 The fecond fort differs from the firfl in the fhape of 

 Ks leaves, which are broader and rounder" at their 



v 



' tafe/ The roots of this fort are very thick, running 

 ^ deep into the ground, and extend themfelves far on 

 every fide ; ,fo that where this plant hath got pbf- 

 feffion cf the ground it is not eafily extirpated, for 

 every piece of the root will llioot, which may happen 

 to be left in the ground. Both thefe plants abound 

 with a milky iulce like the Spurge, which iffues out 

 wherever they are broken ; and this milky juice 

 when concreted, has been frequently fold for fcam- 

 mony. 



Thefe plants propagate too fafl by their creeping 

 roots when they are admitted into gardens, fo few 

 people care to have them : the roots may be tranf- 

 planted any time after their ftalks decay, till they 

 " begin to flioot in the fpring. 



The third fort grows naturally in Carolina, ' from 

 whence the feeds were brought to England ; this is 

 a perennial plant with twining hairy ftalks^ which, 

 if fupported, will rife fix or itYtn feet high ; the 

 - lov/erpart of the fialks are covered with a thick fun- 

 gous bark, Ibmewhat like cork,' which is full of 

 filTures ; thefe ftalks are flender, and garnifhed at 

 each joint with two oblong, heart-fhaped, pointed 

 leaves, (landing on long hairy foot-ftalks. The flow- 

 ers are produced in fmall bunches' at the wings of 

 ' the leaves, thefe are flar-fhaped and green when they 

 firfl: appear, but afcerv/ard fade to a worn-out purple 

 colour. They appear in July and Augufl, but arc 

 not fucceeded bv feeds in England. 

 This plant will live in the open air in England, if it 

 is planted in a dry foil and warm fituation. It may 

 be propagated' by laying down fome of the young 

 Jhoots about Midfummer, which, if they iare now 

 and then refrefhed with water, will put out roots, fo 

 may be tranfolanted in the autumn, v/here they are 

 defigntd to re'main.Vy^The roots of this plant fnould 



C Y N 



be covered in v/inter with fome rotten tan to keep out 

 the frofl, otherwife in fevere winters they are liable 

 to be deftroyed. 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Jamaica, from 

 v/hence the feeds were fent me by the late Dr. Houf. 

 toun -, this rifes with a twining ftalk to the height of 

 tvventy feet or upward, provided it hath iupport; 

 the lower part of the ftalks are covered with a thick 

 fungous bark, full of fiffures, which gape open; the 

 leaves are oblong and fmooth, and placed by pairs 

 opp(3fite, ftanding on long foot-ftalks : the flowers 

 are produced from the wings of the leaves in fmall 

 bunches, they are ftar-fhaped, and are of a yel- 

 lov/ifli green colour, but are not fucceeded by pods 

 in England. 



This fort is tender, fo will not thrive in this country 

 unlefs it is placed in a warm ftove, and requires the 

 fame treatment as other tender plants from the fame 

 country; and as it abounds with a milky juice, fo 

 the plants muft have little water in winter. This 

 may be propagated by laying down of the young 

 ihoots, v/hich in three or four months will put out 

 roots, and may then be tranfplanted into pots filled 

 with light fandy earth, and plunged into the tan-bed 

 in the bark-ftove, where the plants fhould continue 



all the year. , ' ■ .^ ' 



The fifth fort grows naturally in Syria ; this is a pe- 

 rennial plant, which rifes with flender upright ilalks 

 about three feet high, garnifhed with broad, fmooth, , 

 heart-fliaped leaves ending in points, placed op- 

 pofite; the flowers come out from the wings of 

 the leaves~ in fmall bunches, ftanding on branching 

 foot-ftalks ; thefe are fmall and white, greatly re- 

 . fembling thofe of the comiinon white Afclepias, or 

 '; Swallow- wort, and *are 'fucceeded by oblong taper 

 , pods, filled with flat feeds crowned with down, but 

 thefe rarely ripen in this country? - . 

 It is propagated by parting of tKe' root ; the beft 

 :- time for doing of this or tranfp^nting of the roots, 

 is in the fpring, before they ftioot : this requires a 

 warm fituation, otherwife it will not live abroad ia 

 England. , ; ' 



The fixth fort grows naturally at La Vera Cniz in 

 New Spain, from whence the feeds were lent me Sy 

 the late Dr. Houftoun ; this hath a fhrubby twining 

 ftalk, which twifts about whatever prop is near it, 

 and rifes to the height of twenty feet or upward ; the 

 ftalks are very flender, and are armed with fmall . 

 ftinging hairs, and garnifhed with broad *heart-fhaped 

 leaves, which end in acute points ; thefe are placed 

 by pairs at each joint, which are far diftanr, and have 

 flender foot-ftalks ; they are covered with rough hairs 

 on their under fide ; the flowers arc produced in fmall 

 clufters, fitting clofe to the fide of^ the ftalks ; they 

 are pretty large, yellow, and ftar-fhaped, fpreading 

 open to the bottom ; they are fucceeded .by long 

 fwelling pods, filled with flat feeds lying imbricatim,,. 

 which are crowned with long down. : ■ 

 This fort is tender, fo requires the fame treatment as 

 the fourth, and is propagated the fame way.' 

 CYNARA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 82^. Cinara. Tourn. 



Inft. R. H, 442. tab. 254. Artichoke, inFrenchyfr- 



tichaut, . ' "" " 



\ ' 



^ i*i- - J 1 t 



The Characters are. 



>' 



\ ' ' 



It bath a compotcnd flower^ made up of manjf herma- 

 phrodite floretSy which are included in one common fcaly 

 empalementy which is fwollen in the bottom. 'The florets 

 are tubukus^ equals and uniformy divided at the tcp int^_ 

 five narrow fegments. Thefe have five fhort hairy Jia- 

 mina^ terminated by cylindrical fumraits^ which have five 

 indentures-, at the bottom of each is fituated an oval get- ■ 



meny fupportijig an oblong ftyle^ crowned by an oblong in- 

 dented fiigma. The germen afterward becomes afiingle^ ob- 

 longs comprej/edj four-cornered feed^ crowned with long 

 hairy down. .. * ' • 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fe(5lion or 

 Linnseus's nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Po- 

 lygamrn fequalis* the plants of this clafs and fedion 

 have only hermaphrodite florets which are fruitful. 





.' * 



-% ■*- 



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3 



The 



'L .1 



