N 



N 



The Species 



1 



I, CvN'ARA {Scolymus) foliis fubipinol 

 divlfifquc, calycinis fquamis ovaris 

 827. Artichoke '•J)ith j'piny leaves "which arejvciyiged dnd 

 undivided^ and an oval fcaly empalement. 



pinnaus m- 

 Lin. Sp. Plaru. 

 e •vciu'jed and 



o 



Cvnara har- 



to tlic tcnJtr IcMvc'i, which fivqiu-nrK 

 where there is nor il 

 taken off 



aii;ain 



in 



us C(j\crin^.*-, 



V 



mi Li 



but this lliouhi be 



'U. 



uth vsinzcd 



o 



tcnfis aculcata, C. B..P. 383. ^be green or ficnch Ar- 

 tichoke. 



2. Cynara {Ilortenfis) foliis pinnatis inermibus, caly- 

 cinis fquamis obtufis emarginatis. Artichoke 

 leaves having no f pines ^ ciftd cbtufe indented fcalcs to the 

 impalement. Cynara hortenfis toliis non aculcatis. C. 

 B. P. 383. The Globe Artichoke. 



3. Cynara {Carduncuhis) foliis fpinofis, omnibus pin- 

 natifidis, calycinis fquamis ovatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 

 827. Cynara with prickly leaves -a-hich all end /"// zt^ingcd 

 j>oints, and oval fcales to the empalement. Cynara fpi- 

 nofa, cujuspediculiefitantur. C. B. P. 383. TkcCar- 



doon^ in French Chardon. 



4. Cynara (//«w;7/j-) foliis fpinofis, pinnatifidis, fubtus 



Lin. 



^^.^lr!lc^; iI this care i:; 

 taken, thcj)kuus may be preserved for ulc rnolt pair 

 ot the winter. 



If a few of the plants arc plained our in a warm fi- 

 tuation to liaPid fur feed, tliey Jhould not be bhmched, 

 but only in very hard froll fomc li^rht liu^r, or Peale- 

 haulm, may belaid round them^ to keep out fruf^, 

 wliich fl-ioukl be removed in the Iprinir, and the 

 ground gently dug betv/een the plants^^^which will 

 not only dellroy the v^eeds, but alio encourage the 

 roots of the plants to Ihoot out on every fide, where- 

 by their items will be Itronwr •, thefe will fiov 



ver 



tomentofis, calycibus fquamis fubulatis. 



Sp. 



Plant. 828. Cynara "jjith ^.vinged prickly leaves^ woolly 

 en their under fide^ and a-ivl-Jhaped fcales to the empale- 

 fnent. Cynara fylveftris Bcctica. Cluf Cur. Poll, 15. 

 fFild Artichoke of Spain. 



The firft fort is commonly known here by the title 

 of French Artichoke, being the fort which is moft 

 commonly cultivated in France, and is the only kind 

 in Guernfcy and Jerfey ; the leaves of this fort are 



about the beginning of July, and if the feafon proves 

 dry, their feeds will ripen in September-, but in cold 

 wet feafons, thefe feeds will not come to maturity in 

 England^ 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Spain, and alio on 

 the African fliore, and is preferved in gardens for the 

 iake of variety ^ this is very like the third fort, but 

 the Items of the leaves are much fmaller, and do 

 not grow more than half fo high. The heads of this 

 have fome refemblance to thofe of the French Arti- 

 choke, but have no meat, or flefliy fubftancc in their 

 bottoms : this may be planted in the fame manner as 

 the third fort, at about three or four feet apart, and 

 will require no other treatment, than the keeping 



terminated by fliort fpines, the head is oval, an'd the thein clean from weeds ; the fecond year they will 

 fcales do not turn inward at the top like tlidfe of the ( flower, and, if the feafon proves dry, they will ripen 



Globe Artichoke, the heads are alfo of a green colour ; 

 the bottoms of thefe are not near fo thick of flefh as 

 thofe of the Globe, and they have a perfumed tafte, 

 which to many perfons is very difagreeable; fo tJut it 

 'is feldom cultivated in the gardens near London, 

 where the Globe or red Artichoke is the only fort in 

 efteem. The leaves of this are not prickly, the head 

 is globular, a little comprefTed at the top, the fcales 

 lie clofe over each other, and their ends turn inward, 

 fo as to clofely cover the middle. 

 The culture of thefe having been fully treated under 

 the article Artichoke, the reader is defired to turn 

 to that, to avoid repetition* 



The Chardon, or Cardoon, is propagated In the 

 kitchen gardens to fupply the markets ; this is an- 

 nually raifed from feeds, which fhould be fown upon 

 a bed of light earth in March ; and when the plants 

 come up, they ftiould be thinned where they are too 

 clofe-, and if the plants are wanted, thofe which are 

 drawn out may be tranfplanted into a bed at about 

 three or four inches diftance, where they fhould remain 

 till they are tranfplanted out for good. Thefe young 

 plants muft be kept clean from weeds, and in the be- 

 ginning of June they muft be tranfplanted out, on a 

 moift rich fpot of ground at about four feet afunder 

 every way ; the ground Ihould be well dug before they 

 are planted, and the plants fhould be well watered until 

 they have taken new root, after which the ground 

 muft be kept very clean from weeds, to encourage the 

 growth of the plants ; .an'd as they advance In height, 

 there fhould be fome earth drawn up about each plant -, 

 and when they are fully grown, their leaves fhould 

 be clofely tied up with a hay-band, and the earth 

 drawn up in hills about each plant, almoft to their 

 tops, being careful to keep the earth from falling be- 

 tween the leaves, which may occafion the rotting of 

 the plants. The earth Ihould be fmoothed over the 

 furface that the wet may run off, and not fall into the 



tab. 



■ their feeds in September, and the plants generally 

 decay the following winter, efpecially if the winter 

 proves fevere, unlefs they are covered. 

 CYNOGLOSSUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 1 6S. Tourn. 

 Lnft. R. H. 139. tab. ^y. Omphalodes. Tourn. 140. 

 ^g, [Kui'oyAcoo-fl-oi/, of Kuj/(5;, a dog, and TxZtco.^ 

 Gr. the tongue, fo called .becaufe the leaves of this 

 plant refemble a dog's tongue.] Hounds Tongue, in 

 Frencli, Lcngue de Cbicn. 

 The Characthrs are^ 



// hath a fmnel-Jhaped flower of one leaf with a long 

 tube., and a Jloort briniy which is flightly cut into five 

 partSy and is /hut up at the chaps \ this hath an oblono- 

 permanent empalemcnt., cut into jive acute fegments. The 

 flower hath five floor t ftaynina in the chaps ^f the petals 

 terminated by roundiflj fianmitSy and at the bottom of the 

 tube are Jituated four germen, between which arifes a per- 

 manent ftyle the length of the ftamina^ crowned by an 

 indented fligma ; the empalement afterward becomes four 

 capfuleSy inclofing four oval feeds. ' ■ ' 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl fcftion of 

 Linnasus's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 

 the flower having five ftamina and one ftyle. 



The Species are, u • -' - - 

 Cynoglossum {Officinale) ftaminibus corolla brevi- 

 oribus, foliis lato-lanceolatis tomentofis feffilibus. Lin. 

 Sp. Plant. 134. Hounds Tongue with ftamina fhorter 

 than the petals and broad fpear-fhaped leaves^ which are 

 ■ woolly^ fitting clofe to the ftalk. CynoglolTum majus 

 vulgare. C, B., P. 257. Common greater' Hounds 

 Tongue. - 



2. Cynoglossum {Appeninum) ftaminibus corollam je- 

 . quantibus. Flort. Upfal. 33. Hounds Tongue with fta- 

 mina equalling the petal Cynoglofllam montanum max- 

 imum. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 139. ' 



3. Cynoglossum {Creticum) foliis oblongis tomentofis, 

 amplexicaulibus, caule ra'mofo, fpicis florum longif- 

 fimis fparfis. Hounds Tongue with oblong woolly leaves 



I. 



center of the plants, which will alfo caufe them to I embracing the ftalks^ a branching ftalk^ and very long 



rot ; in about eight or ten weeks after the plants have 

 been thus earthed, they will be blanched enough for 

 ufe ; fo that if a fucceffion of them are wanted for the 

 table, there fhould be but few plants earthed up at 

 the fame time; but once in a fortnight there may 

 be a part of them earthed, in proportion to the 

 quantity defired. 



toward the middle, or latter end of November, if 

 the froft Ihould be fevere, it will be proper to cover 

 the tops of thofe plants which remain with Peafc-.. 

 haulm or ftraw, to prevent the froft from penetrating 



loofe fpikes to the flowers. CynoglofTum Creticum la- 

 titohum fcetidum. C. B. P. 257. 



4. Cynoglossum {Cheirifolium) corollis calyce duplo 

 longioribus, foliis lanceolatis.Prod.Leyd. 406. Hounds 

 Tongtic having a petal twice the length of the empalement., 

 and fpear-fiaped leaves. Cynogloflum Creticum, ar- 

 genteo angufto folio. C. B. P. 257. 



5. Cynoglossum [Virginianum) fohis amplexicaulibus 

 ovatis. Lin. Sp. 193. Hounds Tongue with oval leaves 

 which embrace the ftalk. Cynogloflum Virginianum 



ftor^LiTiinimo albo. Banifter. Cat. 



4 S 



6. Cv- 



' / 



X - 



■K .- 



