D U R 



In Flap.Jcrs ?.r.l c:her places, they Iioufc llicir Hicep 

 ar nu.-Ju5 in places iprcad ^A'itli clean faiul, laid about 

 t-'/c or f.x indict thick, which, being Liidon^frefii 

 c\'c!'V iv.<\h-i^ is cleared out once a week \ this mixtuve 

 of land and dung makes an cvccHcnc drefTing for 

 ilron[5 land, for'the dung and urine of ilie fheep is 

 a very rich manuve, bears aconfiderabk^ price, and is 

 an oxelk-ni nnmure for all ftifFcold land : and Mr. 

 Qiiinteney is ci" oj^inion, that it is the greateu pro- 

 moter of Vruitfulntf^ in all ibrts of ground. 

 Otliers reccmmcnd hogs dung as the fattefc and mod 

 beneficial of all forts of dungs ; and fay, that one 

 load cf it will ro as far as two loads of other dung, 

 and that it is die belt of all dungs for fruit-trees, 

 cfpecially for Pear and Apple-trees in alight foil, and 

 a vccv rich dung for grals. I have often ufed this 

 dunp-'to fruit-trees when it was well rotted, and have 

 fouivJ it the mod beneficial to them of any manure. 

 The dung of pigeons, hens, and geefe, are great 

 improvers of meadow or corn land, the firft of thefe 

 bein^T the beft fuperncial improvement that can be 

 laid on meadow or corn land : but before it is ufed, 

 it out'-ht to have lain abroad out of the dove-houfe 

 fome time, that the air may have a little fwect- 

 ened it, and mollifled the fiery heat that is in thofc 



dungs. 



Efpecially it is good for cold, wet, clayey lands •, 

 but it ouo-ht to be dried before it be ftrcwed, becaufe 

 it is naturally apt to clod in wet ; and it Ihould be 

 mixed with earth or fandtokeep it from clinging to- 

 gether, that it may be ftrewcd thin, being naturally 

 very hot and ftrong. 



Some recommend the dung of pigeons, and alfo of 

 other fowls, as the beft manure for Afparagus, Straw- 

 berries, or any forts of flovrers ; but this Ihould be 

 rotted and well mjxed with the earth, before it is ufed 

 to flowers. . : . 



Mo n ficur Gentil approves of pigeons dung, as being 

 good for fuch trees whofe leaves are apt to turn yel- 

 lov/, if they grow in free foils that are rather cold than 

 hot, provided the heat of it has been abated by lying 

 . two or three years in the dunghill ; but this fliould 

 be applied in autum.n, and in fmall quantities. 

 This being fpread about an inch thick at the foot of 

 a tree, whofe leaves are yellow, and being left there 

 till March, he recommends as very ufeful in cold 

 and moid foils. 

 ■ The dung of poultry being hot and full of falts, 

 lends n:uch tofacilitate vegetation, and is abundantly 

 quicker in its operation than the dung of animals 

 wliich feed on herbs. 



Sir Hugh Plat fays, one load of grain will enrich 

 ground more than ten loads of common dung ; which 

 if it be true, it is rational to fuppofe, that if fimple 

 grain, by only infufion in the mixture of compofts, 

 has a very good effed, it will be more powerful when 

 it has pafted through the bodies of animals. 

 Human dung is a great improver of all cold four 

 lands, and efpecially if it be mixed with other earths 

 or dungs to give it a fermentation. 

 But there is not any fort of manure equal to the 

 cleanfing of London ftreets, for all ftubborn clayey 

 foils ', the parts of which will be better feparated, and 

 in a much lefs time, with this manure, than with any 

 other compoft whatever -, ai;id where it can be ob- 

 tained, is extremely well worth procuring, either for 

 corn, grafs, or garden land, 



DURANTIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 704, Caftorea. Plum. 

 Nov. Gen. 30. tab. 17. 



■ The Characters are. 



The flo'iver hath a pcnnancnl enipakment of one leaf 



which is ercH^ ar,d cut into five acute fegr>ients at the top^ 



and fits upon the gerracn^ the fiowcr is of the rijigent 



kind, ^xith one pete!, having a long tule^ which opens at 



the top in two lips ; the tipper lip is ovak ereB^ and 



concave j the under is divided into four equal figments, 



which are round. It hath fiour fihcrt ftamina, fituated in 



the bottom of the tide, the two middle being a little fizorter 



than the other ^ terrninated by prcfirate fimmits\ the ger- 



men v.h:ch is fituated under the flower^ fivpports a\ng 



D 



R 





1 



ficnderfiyb, crowned hy a headed fiigrna. T'he gcymsn af- 

 terward bccones a globular berry, terminated by three acul 

 points, having one cell inclofin:g fiour angular' fieeds. 

 This gcrius of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 of J-<inn:^us's fourteenth clafs, intltled DiJynamia 

 Angicfpcrmia, the flower having two long and two 

 fliorter ilamlna, and the feeds being included in a 

 capfule. 



The tide which was firfl: given by father Plumier to 

 this genus, was Caftorea, in memory of Caftor Dii- 

 rant, a phyfician of Rome, who publilhed a hiftory 

 of plants in Italian, which was printed at Rome in 

 . 1585. Dr. Linn^us has now altered the title of the 

 genus, and inftead of the chrlftian name, he has given 

 it the furname of the fame perfon. 

 The Species are, 



1. DuRANTiA {Plumeiri) fpinofa. Lin. S^, Plant. 63;. 

 Prickly Durantia. Caftorea repens fpinofa. Plum. 

 Nov. Gen. ^o. Creeping prickly Caftorea. 



2. Durantia [Racemofia) inermis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 637. 

 Bura-ttia without thorns, Caftorea racemofa fiore c;£. 

 ruleo, frucliu c'roceo. Plum. Nov. Gen. 30. Branch- 



.^ Caficrca with a blue f.ower and Saffron-coloured 

 fruit, 

 ], Dc'RANTiA {EreEtd) caule ere£to fplnofo, foliis ova- 

 tis intep-errimis, floribus racemofis. Durantia with an 





upright prickly ft alk^ oval entire leaves, and flowers groin- 

 ing in long bunches, Jafminum folio integro, obtufo, 

 flore c:Erulco racemofo, fruftu flavo. Sloan. Cat. 

 Jam. 169. Jafiwine with entire obtufe leaves^ blue fm- 

 ers gr swing in bunches, and a yellow fruit . 

 The firft fort hath many trailing branches, which are 

 armed with hooked thorns at every joint, and are 

 garniflied with oblong leaves, which are placed with- 

 out order, and are flightly fawed on their edges jtfie 

 flowers come out from the fide of the ftalks in pretty , 

 long bunches, like thofe of the common Currant i 

 they are of a pale bluifti colour, and fucceeded by 

 brown berries not unlike tlie fruit of the Hawthorn; 

 thefe have one cell, and inclofe four angular feeds. • 

 The fecond fort hath a branching woody ftalk, which ' 

 rifes feven or eight feet high ; the branches are gar- 

 niflied with oval fpear-fhaped leaves three inches 

 long, and one and a half broad in the middle •, they 

 are fawed on their edges, of a lucid green colour, ana 

 ftand oppofite. The flowers are produced in long 

 bunches at the end of the branches \ thefe are blue, 

 and fucceeded by pretty large, round, yellow berries, 

 which contain four angular feeds. 

 The third fort rifes with a ftrong woody ftem to the 

 height of i^'^ or twelve i^ti,^ covered with a white 

 bark, dividing into many branches, which are armed 

 with Iharp thorns on their fide \ thefe are garniflied 

 with oval ftiff leaves one inch long, and three quar- 

 ters broad. The flowers come out in long bunches 

 from the end of the branches, which are blue, and are 

 fucceeded by fmall, round, yellow berries, which con- 

 tain four angular feeds, I received this froni thelaie 

 Dr. Houftoun, who found it growing in Jamaica. 

 The plants are natives of warm countries, fo they re- 

 quire a ftove to preferve them in England ; they are 

 propagated by feeds, which fliould be fown in fmall 

 pots, and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark; 

 and when the plants are fit to remove, they muft be 

 planted each into afeparate fmall pot filled with light 

 earth, and plunged into the hot-bed again, obferving 

 to fliade them till they have taken new root, then they 

 muft be treated in the fame manner as other plants 

 from the fame country. 



The fecond fort may be propagated by cutdngs, 

 which may beplantecl in any c.-f the iiimmer months ; 

 but thefe Ihould be plunged into a moderate fiot-bed, 

 and fliaded from the fun till they have taken root, 

 then they may be treated in the fame manner as the 

 feedlintu^iants. This fort is not {0 tender as the other 



o r 



two, fo may be placed in the open air in fumrr.er; 

 and if they are kept in a moderate temperature or 

 w^armth in the vv^inter, thev will thrive better than la 

 great heat. I kept fome of the plants of this iori 

 three v/inters, in a dry v^arm idafs-cafe v/ithout fire^j 



6 ^ - and 



' 



I- 



- 



