winter 



W A 



and they have fucceeded pretty well ; but th^ 

 1762 proving fevere, cauled their leaves to tall, but 

 fmce they have put out again very well. 

 D W A R F-T R E E 3. Thefe were formerly in much 

 greater requcft than they are at prefent-, for though 

 the" have many advantages to recommend them, yet 

 thedifadvantages attending them greatly over-balance; 

 and fince the mtroducing of elpaliers into the Englifli 

 gardens, Dwarf-trees have been in little efteem for 

 the following reafons : 



ift The figure of a Dwarf-tree is very often fo much 

 ftudied, that, in order to render the Ihape beautiful, 

 little care Is taken to procure fruit, which is the prin- 

 cipal defign in planting thefe trees. 

 2dly, The branches being fpread horizontally near 

 the lurface of the ground, render it very difficult to 

 dig or clean the ground under them 

 jdly. Their taking up too much 

 (efpecially when they are grown to a confiderable fizc) 



m a 



arden 



between 



V 



■ J 



4thly, Thefe trees fpreading their branches near the 

 round, continually Ihade the furface of the earth ; 

 that neither the fun nor air can pafs freely round 

 their roots and ftems, to diflipate noxious vapours , 

 whereby the circumambient air will be continually re- 

 plete w'ith crude rancid vapours, which, being drawn 

 in by the faiit and leaves, will render its juices crude 

 and unwholfome, as well as ill tafted. 

 It is alfo very difficult to get to the middle of thefe 

 Dwarf-trees in the fummer, when their leaves' and 

 fruit are on the branches, without beating off fome of 

 the fruit, and breaking the young fhoots ; whereas, 

 the trees on an efpalier can at all times bcj come at 

 on each fide, to tie up the new ffioots, or to difplace 



■ all vigorous ones, which, if left on, would rob the 

 trees of their nourifhment. 



Add to this, the fruit-buds of all forts of Pears 

 and Apples, and moft forts of Plumbs and Cherries, are 



■ firft produced at the end of the former year's ihoor, 

 . vhich muft be ffiortened in order to keep the Dwarfs 



to their proper figure, fo that the fruit-buds are cut 

 off, and a greater number of branches are obtained, 

 .than can be permitted to ffand j fo that all thofe forts 

 of fruit-trees, whofe branches require to be trained 

 . at their full length, are very improper to train up as 

 Dwarfs; and the Peaches and Neftarines which will 

 bear amputation, are too tender to be trained fo in 



this country.;/: ;j. , _ .... 



Thefe evils being entirely remedied by training the 

 trees to an efpalier, hath juftly gained them the pre- 

 ference ; however, if any one has a mind to have 

 Dwarf-trees, notwithftanding what has been faid, I 

 Ihall lay down a few rules for their management. 

 If you defign to have Dwarf Pear-trees, you fhould 

 bud or graft them on Quince flocks ; but as many 

 '. forts of Pears will not thrive if they are immediately 

 " budded or grafted on Quince ftocks, fo fome of thofe 

 forts which will take freely, fliould be firft budded on 

 the Quince ftocks ; arid when thefe have ftiot, the 

 forts you intend to cultivate, fliould be budded into 





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r' ^ ' * - - 



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D W A 



thefe i for free ftocks are apt to make them fhoot fo 

 . Vigorouny, as not to be kept within bounds. Thefe 

 grafts or buds fhoiild be put in about four or fix 

 ;„^K... above the furface of the ground, that the 



inch 



heads of the trees may not be advanced too high -, 

 and v/hen the bud or graft has put out four fhoots, 

 you fliould ilop the end of the Ihoots, to force out 

 lateral branches. 



l\vo years after budding, thefe trees will be fit to 

 tranfplant where they are to remain ; for though many 

 people chufc to plant trees of a greater age, yet they 

 feldom fucceed fo well as young ones. The diilance 

 thefe trees fhould be planted is twenty-five or thirr/ 

 feet afunder, for lefs .will not do if the trees thrive 

 w^ell. The ground between them may be culti- 

 vated for kitchen-garden herbs while the trees are 

 young, but you Ihould not fov/ or plant too near their 

 roots. 



In order to train your trees regularly, you ftiould 

 drive ftakes into the ground round the tree, to which 

 the branches fhould be faftened down with lifl in a ho- 

 rizontal pofition ; for if they arefufFered to grow per- 

 pendicularly while young, they cannot be afterwards 

 reduced without great violence to any tolerable fi- 

 gure. The neceffary direftions to be afterwards fol- 

 lowed are, not to fuffer any branches to crofs each ' 

 other ', and always in fhortening any flioots be fure to 

 leave the uppermoft eye outwards, whereby the hoi- 

 lownefs in the middle of the tree will be better pre- 

 Terved; and be careful to rub off all perpendicular 

 fhoots in the middle of the tfees^ as foon as they are 

 produced. The other neceffary rules you will find 

 tinder the article of Pruning. - - ' 

 The forts of Pears which do beft in Dwarfs, are all 

 fummer and autumn fruits ; for winter Pears are not 

 worth planting in Dwarfs, they feldom bearing. well, 

 nor are ever well tafted, and commonly are very 



ftony, becaufe they are commonly grafted on Quince 

 ftocks. 



Apples are alfo planted in Dwarfs, moft of which are 

 now budded or grafted on Paradife ftocks •, but as 

 thefe are for the moft part of a fliort duration, they 

 are not profitable, and are fit only for fmall gardens 

 as a matter of curiofity, producing fruit fooner, and 

 in greater plenty, than when they are upon Crab "or 

 Apple ftocks. 



The diftance thefe trees fhould be planted, if on 

 Paradife ftocks, fhould be fix or eight feet, and upon 

 Dutch ftocks eighteen or twenty ; but if on Crab 

 ftokcs, twenty-five or thirty feet afundef each way. 

 The management of thefe being the fame with Pe^i-s, 

 d not repeat it. .t^,: ";...... < 1 ^.-:rn ,4^ .^ 



' I heed 



-■ 



Some perfons alfo plant Apricots and Plumbs for 

 Dwarfs, but thefe feldom fucceed well, as being of a 

 tender conftitution ; and thofe which will produce 

 fruit on Dwarfs, are much more likely todofo when 

 trained on an efpalier, where they can be much better 

 managed; and therefore I judge it much the better 

 method, as being I'nore certain, and the trees will 

 make a better appearance. 



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