Marci 



E C H 



at even- joint, which are placed oppofue •, thelov/er 

 partisgarnifl-icd with leaves, which are finely divided 

 like thoie of the Carrot; the Ilowers grow in fmall 

 umbels at the cxtrea-iity of the branches, liaving a 

 fliort prickly involucrum. This flowers in July, but 

 doth not ripen feeds in England. 

 l"he!e plants are propagated by their creeping roots 

 in Kngiand, as they do not produce feeds here : the_ 

 bell tur.e to trap-lplanc them is the beginning ot 



ii, a little before they flioot. The roots fhould 



be planted in a gravelly or Hindy foil, and in a 



/. warm fituation, or otherwife they fhould be covered 



in the winter to prevent the froft from deftroylng 



them. 

 ECHINOPS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 829. Echmopus. 



Tourn. Inft. R. H. tab. 463. Globe Thiftle. 



The Characthrs ai-e. 

 It hath a pennancnt peruvilhiumy which is oblongs an- 

 gular^ and imbricated y the flower hath one funnel-Jhaped 

 petal, vjh'uh is divided at the top into five parts, which 

 fpread open and are reflexed. li hath five Jhort hairy fta~ 

 viina^ terminated by cylindrical fummits: In the bottom of 

 the tube is fituated an oblong germen, fupporting a flender 

 flyk the length cf the tiibc^ crowned by two oblong de- 

 prejj'ed ftigrnas which turn hack ; the germen afterward 



- becomes en ohloig oval feed narrowed at the bafe, but oh- 



tufe. and harry at the top.i 

 ^ ThU&enus of plants isVanged in the firft feftion of 

 Linnseub's feventeenth clafs, intltled Syngenefia Po- 

 lygamia jEqualis. I'his fedion includes thole plants 

 which liave only hermaphrodite fruitful florets. 

 The Species are, ... 



1. EcHtNOPs {Sph<eroccphalus) capitulis globofis pubef- 

 centibus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1314. Globe Thiftle with glo- 

 hilar heads and hairy leaves, Echinopus major. J. B. 3. 

 p. 6(). ^Greater Globe Thiftle.^ • . - -.'■.,.,:,. 



2. EcHiNOPs (Ritro) capitulo globofo, foliis fupra gla- 

 bris. Lin. Sp. Plant. 13 14.* Globe 'Thiftle with a globular 

 ,ksady and the upper fide of the leaves fmooth. Echinopus 

 minor. J. B. 3. 72. Smaller Globe Thiftle. • \. .- 



3. EcHiNOPs (Strigofus) capitulis fafciculatis calycibus, 

 lateralibus fterilibus, foliis fuprsi ftrigofis. Lin. Sp. 



■. Pl^nt,,i3i5. Globe Thiftle with bundled heads, whofeftdc 

 . empalements are barren, and wing-pointed leaves, Echi- 

 nopus minor annuus, magna capite. Tourn. Infl:. 463, 

 Smaller annual Globe Thiftle with a large head. - ■ 



4. EcHiNOPS (Gr^'c^^j) caule unicapitato, foliis ipinofis, 

 omnibus pinnatifidis villofis, radice reptartlce. Globe 

 Thiftle with one head on each ftalk, prickly leaves, which 

 are all wing-pointed and woolly ^ 'and a ' creeping root, 

 Echinopus Grrecus, tenuifTime divifus & lanuginofus, 

 capite minori cveruleo. Tourn. Cor. 34. Greek Globe 

 Thiftle ^%vbofe leaves are divided into narrow fegnients and 

 are woolly, with a fmaller blue head. 

 The firff is the common Globe Thiftle, which has 

 been long cukivated m fome gardens for the fake of 

 variety; this grows .naturally, in Italy and Spain; it 

 hath a perennial root, _ from which arife many ftalks 

 that grow to the height of four or five feet ; thefe are 



■ garniihed with long jagged leaves, which are divided 

 into many fegments almoft to the midrib, the jags 



. ending in fpines; they are of a dark green on their 

 upper fide, but woolly on their under ; the flowers are 

 colleded in globular heads, feveral of thefe grow 

 upon each ftalk ; the common hath blue flowers, but 

 there is, a variety cf it with white. It flowers in July, 

 and the feeds ripeii in Augufh- /-:■; . ,- 

 This plant is eafily propagated by feeds, which, if 

 permitted to fcatter, the plants will 'come up in plenty, 

 fo a few of them may be tranfplanted to the places 



- where they are defigned to remain to flower; they 

 , require no other culture but to keep them clean from 



weeds : the fecond year they will flower and produce' 

 feeds, and the roots will continue two or three years 

 after ; but if the feeds fcatter, the plants will become 

 troublcfome weeds;toprevent which, the heads fliould 

 be cut off as foon as the feeds are ripe. , 

 l^he fecond fort grows In the fouth of France and in 

 Italy; this hath a perennial creeping root, which 

 {rnus up feveral ftrong ftalks that rife two feet hi^h, 



E C H 



garniflied with leaves, which are cut into many fine 

 fegments to the midrib, which are fe: with prickles 

 and arc white on their under fide : the italks branch 

 out tovvard the top ; each of thefe branches is term^ 

 nated by a globular \vctA of flovrcrs, which, are fmalK'r 

 than thofc ol* the firft, and of a deeper blue ; there 

 is alfo a varictv of this v/ith wliite flowers. ' Thi'- 



flowers about the fanie tin:e as the firft, and is pro- 

 pagated in the fame way. I'hele will bocli grow in 

 almoft any foil or fituation. 



I'jie third fort grows naturally in Spain and Portugal- 

 this is" an annual plant, which rifes v>^ith a ftiff ^7iitfe 

 ftalk tv/o feet high, garniflied with divided leaves 

 ending in many points which have fpines.; their upper 

 fide is green, and covered with brown hairs, their 

 under ficie white and woolly ; the ftalk is terminated 

 by one large head of paly blue flowers. Thefe appear 

 in July, and if the feafoh proves warm and dry, the 

 feeds will ripen in autumn, but in wet cold years they 

 rarely ripen here. . . - - . - ... 



Thefe feeds fliould be fow^n in the fpring, upon a bor- 

 der ot light earcli, where the plants are to remain- 

 and they require no other management, but to thin 

 them where they are too clofe. - ""' 



w 



The fourth fort grows naturally in Greece, from 



whence Dr. Tournefort fent the feeds to the royal 



garden at Paris : this hath a perenriial creeping root, 



by which it irvltiplies faft enough ; the ftalks rife 



about a foot high, and are ■ clofely garniflied with 



leaves which are fliorter and much finer divided than ■ 



■ either of the former forts ; thefe arc hoary, and 'armed 



on every fide with fliarp thorns; the fl-alks areter- 



.- minated by one middle-fized globular head of flowers, 



which in fome are blue, and in others white. They 



appear the latter end of June, and in warm feafons 



the feeds will ripen well in England. This is eafily 



propagated by its creeping roots, or from feeds; it 



^' loves a dry foil and a warm fituation. .^.'»0 



ECHINUS, Lat, is the prickly head or cover of the 



feed or top of any plant, fo called from its Jikenefs 



to a hedgehog. 



. ■% u m-. 



ECHIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 157. Tourn. Inft. R. 



. H. 135. tab. 54. [oVEx^u Gr, a viper, becaufe the 

 , ripe feed of this plant r<^fembles the head of a viper. 

 It is called Herba Viperaria, becaufe the ancients be- 

 lieved that this plant killed vipers.] Viper's Buglofs ; 



in French, Viperine. '. '. -"^ ■ ":\ 



The Characters are, . . -^ 



. The flower hath a permanent empalement, divided intofve 

 feg:ncnts, " It hath one petal with a fl:ort tube, having 

 an ere5i broad brim, cut into five parts, and is cbtufe; 

 the two upper being longer than the lower, which art 

 acute and reflexed. It hath five awl-fhaped ftamina, 'ter- 

 minated by oblong proftrate fummits. ^ In the bottom are 

 Jituated four germen with one fender ftyle, crowned by nn _ 

 obtufe bifid ftigma ; the germen afterward become fo many 

 rcundifto pointed feeds, inch fed in the rough empalcrmnt. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feclion^of 

 Linnseus's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 

 the flower having five ftamina and one ftyle. ^ ■ 

 The Species are, 



1. EcHiuM {Anglicum) caule fimplici eredo, foliis kn- 

 ceolatis, floribus fpicatis lateralibus, ftaminibus co- 

 rolla £Equantibus. Viper's Buglcfs with a' Jingle erS 



ftalk, having rough fpear-floaped- leaves, and floiverstn 

 fpikes proceeding from the fide, with the ftamina equalhn^ 

 the petal. Echium vulgare C, B. P. 254. Cc?^^?' 

 Viper* s Buglofs. -.'■' -r ; ~. 



2. RcHivM (Vulgare) caule fimplici erecto, foliis cau- 

 linis lanceolatis hifpidis, fioribus fpicatis lateralibus 

 ftaminibus corolla longioribus. Viper*s Buglcfs with a 



fingle ere ut ftalk, having rough 7iarrow fpear-fhapcdkaves-i 

 flowers growing in ftjcrt fpikes en the fides, and ftcinu''^/'' 

 longer than the petal. Lycopfis Anghca..Lob. Eng^'f 



Lycopf.s. .-. - ' ■ ' 



3. txHiuM {Italicum) corollis vix calycem excedcnUbus, 



■ margine villofis. Hort. Upfal. 35. Viper s Bngi'OJh^ 



' ' whofe petals fcarce exceed the empalement, having har>y 



borders, EchiUm majus & afperius, flore albo. C. D' ^• 



255. Great rough Viper s Buglofs with a white floiv^^- 



• 4. EcHit-'M 



