I 



v-^inter 



1 1 



E U P- 



The e!?hteeneh ibrt rifes with a fingle, upright, green 

 ftalk, about four feet high, garnilhcd at each joint 

 by four Ipcar-fhapcd leaves, placed in whorls round 

 the Ihiks; they are fix inches long, and two inches 

 broad i!) the middle, lefTcning to both ends, termi- 

 nating^ in acute points ; they are rough, fawed on their 

 cd^es^ and ftand on fliort foot-ftalks ; the ilalk is 

 terminated by a dole corymbus of purple flowers, 

 which appear in July, and continue till September. 

 The root is perennial, but the ftalks decay every 



it grows naturally in North America. 

 The nineteenth fort grows naturally in Carolina; this 

 hath a creeping root, which fpreads and multiplies 

 very faft. The ftalks rife about two feet high ; they 

 are o-arniflied with oval heart-fhaped leaves, which 

 have foot-ftalks, and are fawed on their edges. The 

 flowers are produced at the top of the ftalks in a 

 fort of corymbus -, they are of a fine blue colour, but 

 the roots fpread fo much as to caufe barrennefs of 

 flowers after the firft year. 



All thefe forts may be propagated by feeds ; feveral 

 of them ripen their feeds in England •, th(;fe ftiould 

 be fown in autumn as foon as they are ripe, for then 

 the plants will come up the following fpring ; but if 

 they are kept out of the ground till fpring, the plants 

 will not come up till the year after; and thofe feeds 

 which are procured from America fhould be fown as 

 foon as they arrive, for though they may not grow 

 the firft year, yet there will be a greater certainjy of 

 their fucceeding, than when they are kept longer out 



of the ground. 



The fecond, third, fifth, feventh, 



thirteenth, feventeenth. 



eighteenth 



eighth, twelfth, 

 and nineteenth 

 forts are hardy .plants, fo the feeds of thefe may be 

 fown in the full ground, but there muft be care taken 

 in the fowing to keep the forts feparate ; for as the 

 feeds of thefe plants have a light down adhering to 



. them, they are eafily difplaced by the leaft wind ; fo 

 that the beft way will be to fow them in drills, but 

 thefe ftiould be but fliallow, for if the feeds are bu- 

 ried too deep they will not grow. The bed in which 

 thefe are fown ftiould not be too much expofed to 

 the fun, but rather have an eaft afpecl, where the 

 morning fun only reaches it; but where it is more 

 expofed, it ftiould be ftiaded with niats in the heat of 

 the day, and the ground ftiould be kept pretty moift; 



' for as thefe plants generally grow in moift fliady fi- 

 tuations in their native countries, they will fucceed 

 better' when they have a foil and fituation fomev/hat 

 like that ; though as we want their heat in fummer, 

 the plants will thrive here when expofed to the fun, 

 provided they have a moift foil, or are fuppliecl with 

 water m dry weather. 



. .'-.-,« f 







If 



r 



' h 



-»». 



- When the young plants come up, they muft' be kept 

 clean from weeds ; and .where they are too dote, lohie 

 of them ftiould be' drawn out, to give room for' 'tte 

 others to grow; and if thefe are wanted, they may be 



V planted in another bed,' where, if they are ftiaded and 



watered, they will foon take root ; after which they 



^ will require no farther care but to keep^them clean 



- from weeds till the following" autumn, when they 

 may betranfplanted to the places'^ where they are to 

 remain. .,; As the roots of thefe plants fpread out to a 

 confiderable diftance, they fliould not be allowed lefs 

 than three feet from ^ any other plants, and.fome of 



* the largeft growing fliould be allowed four feet. . 

 the foil in which they are planted is a foft gentle 

 loam, they will thrive much better, and flower 

 ftronger than in light dry ground ; in which, if they 

 are not duly watered in dry furnmers, their leaves 

 will fiirink, and their ftalks will not" grow to "half their 

 ufual height. ■ '■ . ^ \y ., :. ; . 



All thefe forts have perennial roots, by which they 



f^^ ^u P^^P^g^^^^ ' for as fome of them do not per- 

 leo: their feeds in England, fo that is the only way 

 of mcreafmg the plants here; fome of the forts have 



• ^/"^^ping roots, fending out offsets in great plenty, fo 

 thefe are eafily prop'agated ; and the others may be 

 taken up, or the heads taken oflT from them every 



'Other year, in doing of which there ftiould be care 



li-' 



P 



taken not to cut or injure the ok] planrs too much, 

 which v/ould caufe them to flower weak the folic v.in::; 

 year. The beft time to remove thele j)!ants is in :vf~ 

 tumn, as foon as they have done grov.'in-, tltat they 

 may get frefli roots before the froft coines on ; bu^t 

 if that fliould happen foon after their removal, if t!;e 

 furface of the ground is covered with tan, or dried 

 leaves, to keep out the froft, it will efteclually fecure 

 them ; and if this is done to the old plants in very fe- 

 vere winters, it will always preferve them ; but the 

 nineteenth fort is the only one which I ha\'e known 

 killed by froft: however, it may not be amifs to 

 praftife this on the young feedling plants, wluch have 

 not fo good roots, nor are fo well eftahliflied in tlie 

 ground ; the future culture v/ill be only to dig th.e 

 ground about them every fpring, and keep them clean. 

 The fourth fort fends out many weak tv/ining ftalks, 

 which require fupport ; fo there fliould be fome ftakes 

 fixed down by their roots in the fpring when they be- 

 gin to flioot, to which the youns: ihilks fliould be 



_. ! 



{ 



f- 



: V 



led and faftened, and afterward they will naturally 



tv/ine round them and rife four or five feet hitrh if 

 they are fupplied with water, and in warm feafons 

 they will produce plenty of white flowers in Auguft. 

 This fort is fometimes killed in very feverc winters, 

 if they are not covered ; but if, when the ftalks decay 

 in the autumn, the ground about tliem is covereel 

 with fome old tanners bark, it will efte6lually fecure 

 the roots. This fort multiplies very faft by its creeping 

 roots, which may be parted every other year. 

 The fixth and fixteenth forts have twining flender 

 ftalks, which require to be fupported in the like 

 manner ; but tliefe are natives of warm countries, fo 

 they will not thrive in England, unlefs they are placed 

 in a warm ftove; therefore they fliould be planted in 

 pots and plunged into the tan-bed in the ftove, v/here, 

 if they are fupplied with wet in hot weather, they 

 t will thrive and produce flowers. The fixth fort hath 

 flirubby ftalks, and does not propagate by the root, 

 fo there fliould be layers made of the young branches, 

 which will put out roots if they are properly fupplied 

 with water; but the fixteenth fort may be propagated 

 by parting the roots, in the fame manner as the 

 fourth fort. . 



The ninth and fifteenth forts have perennial roots, 

 but their ftalks decay every winter. Thefe are tender 

 plants, fo fliould be planted in pots, and kept con- 

 ftantly plunged in the tan-bed in the ftove, where 

 they will thrive and flowed Thefe may be propagated 

 by cutting off" fome of their young ftioots about the 

 middle of June, when they have ftrength, and planted 

 into pots filled with light earth, and plunged into a ^ 

 moderate hot-bed, where, if they are fliaded from 

 the run,"*aricl' gently watered as thefy m'ay require it, 

 they will pdt out ro'bts in fix weeks,' and may then 

 be tranfplanted into feparate pots, and treated as the ■ 

 old plants. 



The tenth, eleventh, and fourteenth forts have fhrubby 

 ftalks, which are perennial. Thefe are natives of 



warm countries, 



a ftove; therefore they fliould be planted in pots 

 and kept "plunged 'in the tan-bed of the ftove, and . 

 treated as the former forts. -Thefe will fometimes 

 fake foot from cuttirigsV but not very freely, fo that 

 the beft way is from feeds when they canbe procured. 

 "WK^n the feeds q{ thefe Render forts can be had from 

 their native countries, the plants raifed that way are 

 much preferable to thofe which are obtained by any 

 other method, and will flower mu^h ftrongei-, there- 

 Fore ftiould be preferred; but as thefe feeds fel- 

 dom grow the firft year, few perfons have patience 

 enough to waif for the plants coming up. When any 

 of thefe feeds are brought over, they fliould be iown 



-- 



r 



\ 



- J 



i> 



^ ' 





-'.-V^? 



f ^* *t 







fo will not thrive in England out of 



as foon as they arrive an pots, that they may be re- 

 moved at any time; the pots fliould be plunged into 

 a moderate hot-bed,' and the earth kept tolerably 

 moift ; the glafles fliould alfo be fliaded in the heat of 

 the day, to prevent the earth from drying; in this hot- 

 bed the pots m'ay remain till autumn, when, if the 

 plants are hot up, they ftiould be plunged between 



^ K ' >•■ the 



-'- . 



r -I K 





■ - 



- * 



*^ . ^ 



