it . 



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1. 



F 



pots and placed under a frame in tac winter, and the 

 tollowing rprlng fuakcn out of die pots, and planted 

 in a warm border, they will come early to riovvcr, 

 and thereby ripe feeds may be more certainly ob- 



tained. 



The other two forts may be treated in th.c fame way, 



for as thefe feldom tiower the nrft year from feeds, io 

 the plants iliould be either kept in pots, and fliekered 

 under a frame in winter, or placed in a warm border, 

 where they may be fheltered with mats, or fome other 

 covering, to preferve them from the frofl: •, and the 

 following fumimer the fecond fort will flower and pro- 

 duce ripe feeds, but. the third has not perfetfied any 

 feeds as yet in England, 



See Helxine. 



FAGOPYRUM. 



FAG US, Tourn. InO. R. H. 584. 

 Gen.' Plant. 



tab. 



351- 



Lin. 



'> 



^ t 



951. [fo called from <pa'y^, Gr. be- 

 caufe fuppofed to be the food of the firft race of man- 

 kind.] The Beech-tree -, in^French, Htre. 



The Characters are, 

 It bath male and female flowers on the fame tree •, the 

 male flowers are colle£led into globular heads -, thefe have 

 no petals, but have feveral ftamina included in an em- 

 palsment of one leaf which are terminated by oblong fiim- 

 mits. The female flowers have a one-leaved onpahnent 

 cut into four parts, but have no petals ; the germen is 

 fixed to the empalement, fupporting^ three flyles, crowned 

 by reflexed ftigmas. The germen afterward becomes a 

 roundrflj capfule, 'armed with foft fpines, opening in 

 three cells, each containing a irf angular nut. ■ . 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the eighth kc- 



of Linnasus's twenty-firfl clafs, which in- 



that have male and female 



tion 



■ 



eludes 



thofe 



*- 



' ' 



/ 



plants 

 flowers on tfie fame plant, and^ the male flowers have 

 any ffamina. To this genus he has joined the 

 -'" ' Chefnut ; but as the male flowers of the Chefnut 

 - are cplLed^ed in long katkins, and thofe of the Beech 

 ^ are globular, and the fruit of the latter being trian- 

 'l gular, there is lufEcient reafon for keeping them fe- 

 ■' parate. V '\ [ ; ^, . 



We know but one Species of this genus, viz. . 

 ■ Fagus {Sylvatica) foliis ovatis obfolete ferratis. Hort. 

 Cliff. 447. Fagus. Dod. Pempt. 832. The Beech-tree 

 ,. i:chh oval fawed leaves, . ■ . - , 



There are fome planters, who fuppofe there are two 

 diftindt fpecies of this tree ; one they call the Moun- 

 ^ tain Beecn, which they fay is "a whiter wood than the 

 c other, whicK"'they,jdiftinguifh by the title of Wild 

 Beech •, but it is certain, that this difference in the 

 colour of the wood arifes from the diffefence of the 

 foils in which 'tli^ grew, for I have not/een any fpe- 

 cific difference in the' treesV .There* have Seen feeds 



,i;. 



•'- -, 



- -■ -. 



■' '? 



*-^"- 



«, 



\% of a Beech-tree brought from North- America, by the 

 '■; title of Broad-leaved Beech^ BuF thenp^ants which 

 were raifed from them proved to be the common fort -, 

 fo that we know of no other variety, excepting thofe 

 with ftriped leaves, which is accidental J and when 

 . the trees are in vigour, theleaves become'plain again. 



This tree is propagated by ^fowing the maft ) the 



' Jeafon for which is any timTfrbmOftobe^r'to February, 



;^ only obferving to fecure the feeds from' veiiniin When 



'^ early foy/ed V w^ich, if carefully done, the fooh'er they 



are fown the Wter, after they^are full^ripej "^. fmall 



^_^fpot of ground will be fufficient for railing ^ great 



* number of thefe trees from feed, but you muft be 



4>. > " 



.very careful to keep^thehi clear "froni weeds; and if 



^ *the plants come up very thick, you Iho'uld'not fail to 



draw out the. flrongeft of them the auturnn following, 



...that thofe left may have room to 'grow ; fo that if you 



.hujband a feed-bed carefully, it will afford a three 



years draught of young plants, which "fhpuld be 



/planted in a nurfery, and, if defigned for timber 



tfees, at three"" feet diflance row from row, anci 



ft 



eight 



U 



■ ■ 





r 



', , 



een inches afunder in the rows. : ^.^ , 



Bi^t jf thqy are deiigned for hedges (to which the 

 tree is very well ^adapted) the diflance need not be fo 

 great; two feet row from row, and one foot in the 

 rows will be fufficicnt.' ..vInVhis.nurfery they may re- 

 main two or three yearSj^oLlerving to clear them irom 



'- \ 



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S' 



=^ -.' 



». 



ff.* 



■'_ 



' ■v 





.-rt 



- f 



g in 



FEN 



weeds, as alio to dig up the ground between tlie row.*^, 

 ac leaft once a year, that their tender roots may the 

 better extend thcmlelves each way : but be careful nor 

 to cut or bruife their roots, which is injurious to all 

 young trees ; and never dig the ground in ilimmcr, 

 when the earth is hot and dry ; v/hich, by Icitin 

 the rays of the fun to the roots, is often the defl:ruc- 

 . tion of young trees. 



This tree will grow to a confiderable ftaturc, thouo-h 

 the foil be ftony and barren ; as alfo upon the declivi- 

 ties of hills, and chalky m.ountains, where they will 

 refifl the v/inds better than mofc other trees; but then 

 the nurferies for the young plants ought to be upon 

 the fame foil ; for if they are raifed in good foil and 

 a warm expofure, and afterwards tranfplanted into a 

 bleak barren fituation, they feldom thrive, wliich liolds 

 true in moil other trees ; therefore I would advife the 

 nurfery to be made upon the fame foil where the plan- 

 tation is intended, but of this I fhall fay more under 

 the article of Nursery. 



The tree is very proper to form large hedges to 

 furround plantations, or large wildernefs quarters ; 

 and may be kept in a regular figure, if fheared twice 

 a year, efpecially if they fhoot ftrong ; in which cafe, 

 if they are negledled but a feafon or two, it will be dif- 

 ficult to reduce theni again. The fhade of this tree 

 is very injurious to moil forts of plants which grow 

 near it, but is generally believed to be very falubrious 

 to human bodies.. . ..--■ . 



The timber is of great ufe to turners for making 



trenchers^' 



tfays, buckets : and likewife to 





the joiner for flools, bedfteads, cofHns, &c. The 



mafl is very e^ood to fat fwine and deer ; it alfo af- 



fords a fweet oil, and the nuts have in fcarce times 



. fupported fome families with bread. '.-, 



,. This tree delights in a chalky or flbny ground, where 



-it generally grows very fall ; ^^nd the bark of the 



trees in fuch land is clear and fmooth ; and although 



the timber is not fo valuable as that of many other 



trees, yet as it will thrive on fuch foils and in fuch 



fituations where few better trees will fcarce grow, the 



planting of them fhould be encouraged ; efpecially as 



the trees afford an agreeable ihade, and the leaves make 



.' a fine appearance ip fujnmer, and continue green as 



long in autumn as any of the deciduous trees : there- 



. , fore in parks, and other plantations for pleafure, this 



.tree deferves to be cultivated among thofe of the firfl 



- clafs, efpecially where the foil is adapted to*it. . . -/ 



Tbf.SW^ forts with variegated leaves 'ipa!y b^ pro- 



,,^pagated.by budding or grafting tjjgni uppn th,e com- 

 ,.mon Beech, obfervine not to plant them in a eood 



earth;' which will caufe the buds or cyons to Ihoot 

 .' vigoroufly, whereby the leaves will become' plain, 



which often hajpperi^ to mo ft variegated plants.' ^ 

 FARINA FCECUNDANS is the impregnating 

 .. toeaj.^ er duft on the ap^kes; or. Juo^roitl.pf flq\y,qrs ; 



. ■ 



-- ,-> 



w 



being CQnveyed into the uterus or vafculum 

 r fcminale of plants, fecundates the rudiments of the 

 \ ■ feeds in the ovary, which otherwife would decay and 

 ..: come to nothing. See Generation' of Plants. 



FEAT H ERF E. W. or F E A V E R F E W. ^^ee 



.-'iMATklCARlA^:,-.. :,i- ^ '" ■■" .-*.■ 





FENCES. '-In' hotter climates than England, where 

 ■they have not occafion for walls to ripen their fruit, 

 their gardens lie open, 'where they can have water 



. .i:^ence,and profpefts; or elfe they'bound their gardens 

 with c^rovcs, in whiqh are fountains, 'walks, &c. 





"' which are much more pleafing' to the Jpght than a 



/.dead wall : but in colder 'countries, and j;j. England, 



we are obliged to have walls to fhek^r and ripen our 



., fruit, although they take,a\yay,much from the plca- 



/fkntprofpeftpf thegarden.; ,^^;rv - „ ,.: 

 Since therefore we are under a necefTity to have walls 

 to fecure our gardens from th^ injury of winds, 

 as well as for the coaveniency of partitions or inclo- 

 fures, and alfo to ripen our fruit, brick walls are ac- 



:,, counted thewarmefl and beftforthispurpofe: andtheJe 



• 1 "> 



* ^ - -* 



/■ walls being built pa^ineUways, with pillars .at^equal 

 . diilances, will fave a great tical of charw^ in that 



^; ; ' the 





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