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the walls may be built thinner, than if chey were built 

 plain without thefe pannels, for then it would be ne- 

 ceffary to build them thicker every where : and be- 

 fides, thefe pannels make the walls look the hand- 



fomer. 



Stone walls are by fome preferred to thofe of brick, 



cfpecially thofe of fquare hewn ftones •, but where they 

 are defigned for fruit, they Ihould be faced with brick. 

 Thofe that are made of rough ftones, though they are 

 very dry and warm, yet^ by reafon of their uneven- 

 nefs, are inconvenient to nail up trees to, except pieces 

 of timber be laid in them here and there for to 



fatten a trellis to them. 



But in large gardens it is better to have the profpeft 

 open to the pleafure-garden, which Ihould be fur- 

 rounded with afofle, that from the garden the adja- 

 cent country may be viewed, but this muft depend on 

 the fituation of the place ; for if the profpeft from the 



eoodi it had better be Ihut out from the 

 ill, or any other fence, than to be open. 

 As alfo", where a garden lies near a populous town, 

 and the adjoining grounds are open to the inhabitants, 

 if the garden is open, there will be no walking there 

 in good weather, without being expofed to the view 

 of all pafTengers, which is very difagreeable. 

 Where thefe foffes are made round a garden which 

 is fituated in a park, they are extremely proper ; be- 

 caufe hereby the profpeft of the park will be obtained 

 in the garden, which renders thefe gardens much 

 fnore agreeable than thofe which are confined. 

 In the making thefe foffes there have been many in- 

 ventions 5 but, upon the whole, I have not feen any 

 which arc in all refpefts preferable to thofe which have 

 an upright wall next the garden ; which (where the 

 foil will admit of a deep trench) fhould be fix or feven 

 ?eet high, fo as to be above the reach of boys ; and 

 from the foot of this wall, the ground on the outfide 

 Ihould rife with a gradual cafy fldpe'to the diftance of 

 eighteen or twenty feeiVand where it c'an be allowed, 

 • if it fl6|>c's much farther, it will be eafier and lefs 

 perceptible as a ditch to the eye, when viewed at a 

 diftance.. But if the ground is naturally wet, fo as 

 riot to admit of a deep foffe, then, in order to make 

 a fence againft cattle, if the wall be four feet high, 

 and flight pofts of three feet and a half high are placed 

 juft behind the wall, with a fmall chain carried on 

 from poft to poft, no cattle or deer will ever attempt 

 to jump againft it, therefore it will be a fecure fence 

 againft them ; and if thefe are painted of a dark lead 

 colour, they will not be difcerned at a diftance ; and 

 at the fame time the chain will fecure perfons walking 

 in the garden from tumbling over : and if another 

 chain is carried through the pofts at one foot from the 

 ground, it will more effeftually prevent cattle from 

 creeping under. 



In fuch places where there are no good prolpedts to 

 be obtained from a garden, it is common to make the 

 inclofure of park-paling ; which, if well performed, 

 will laft many years, and has a much better appear- 

 ance than a wall : and this pale may be hid from the 

 fight within, by plantations of (hrubs and Ever- 

 greens J or there may be a quick hedge planted within 

 the pale, which may be trained up, fo as to be an 

 excellent fence by the time the pales begin to decay. 

 There are forne perfons who make ftuckade fences 

 round their gardens to keep out cattle, &c. which, 

 when well made, will anfwer the purpofe of a fence ; 

 but this being very expenfive in tl)e making, and not 

 of very long duration, has occafipncd their not being 

 more commonly in ufe. . , ' 



As to fences round parks, they are generally of pa- 

 ling ; which, if well made of winter-fallen Oak, will 

 laft. many years •, but a principal thing to be obferved 

 in making thefe pales, is not to make them too heavy ; 

 for when they are fo, their own weight will caufe 

 them to decay ; therefore the pale Ihould be cleft thin, 

 and the rails ft\ould be cut triangular, to prevent the 

 wet lodging upon them j and the pofts fliould be good, 

 and not placed too far afunder, burning that part of 

 rhcm as goes into the ground. If thele things are ob- 



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ferved, one of thefe pales will laft, with a litde ca> 

 upward of forty years very well. The commonVaT 

 ot making thefe fences is, to have every other m\ 

 nine or ten inches above the intermediate ones ■ f 

 that the fence may be fix feet and a half liigh, which 

 is enough for fallow deer; but where there are red 

 deer, the fence fiioulJ be one foot higher, otherwlf 

 they will leap over. 



Some inclofe their parks with brick walls ; and in 

 countries where ftone is cheap, the walls are builr 

 with this material ; fome with, and others without 

 mortar. 



A kit<:hen-garden, if rightly contrived, will contain 

 walling enough to afford a fupply of fuch fruits as 

 require the alfiftance of a wall for any family; aiid 

 this garden being fituated on one fide, and quite out 

 of fight of the houfe, may be furrounded with walls 

 which will fcreen the kitchen- garden from the fiaht 

 of perfons in the pleafure-garden ; and being locked 

 up, the fruit will be much better preferved than ic 

 can be in the public garden : and the having too o-reat 

 a quantity of walling is often the occafion that fo 

 many fcandalous trees are frequently to be feen in 

 large gardens, where there is not due care obferved 

 in their management. 



And befides, the borders of pleafure-gardens are ge- 

 nerally too narrow for the roots of fruit-trees, as will 

 be ftiewn in its proper place, therefore it is in vain 

 to plant them there. 



The height of garden-walls fhould be from ten to 

 twelve feet, which is a moderate proportion ; and if 

 the foil be good, it may in time be well furnilhed 

 with bearing wood in every part, efpecially thofe 

 parts planted with Pears, notwithftanding the branches 

 being trained horizontally from the bottom of the 

 walls. ^'. - V 



I would recommend the White^ Thorn, the Holly, 

 the Black Thorn and Crab, for outward fences to i 

 good ground,' but I do riot approve of the interniixing 

 them. _ ' - \,, 



The White Thorn is thebcft quick to plant, because 

 it is the moft common, and may be clipped fo as to 

 render it the clofeft "and hardieft fence of any other 

 tree ; and being very durable, is preferred to all others 

 for outward fences, or for the divifion of fields, where, 

 they are expofed to cattle, &c. 

 The Black Thorn and Crab make very good fences, 

 and are to be raifed as the White Thorn; but if the 

 kernels of Apples or Crabs be fown, it is beft to few 

 the pommace with them, and they will come up the 

 fooner, i. e. the firft year, if fown in the autumn, (bon 

 after the fruit is ripe. v " 



If Crab-ftocks be planted while young, in the fame 

 manner as quick, they make excellent hedges fdon, 

 and fo will fome forts of Plumbs, I mean fuch as 

 have thorns. 



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The Black Thorn is not accounted fo good for fences 

 as the White Thorn, becaufe it is apt to run more 

 into the ground, and is not certain as to the growing, 

 efpecially if the plants are not fet very young; but 

 then on the other hand, the bufiies are by much the 

 better, and are alfo more lafting than the White 

 Thorn, or any other, for dead hedges, or to niend 

 gaps ; nor are they fubjeft to be crept by cattle, as 

 the others are. The richer the mould is, the better 

 they will profper, but yet they will grow on the fame 



fort of foil that the White Thorn does. 

 The Holly will make an excelleni: fence, and is pre- 

 ferable to all the reft, but is a flow grower; but 

 when once it does grow, it makes amends by its 

 height, ftrength, and thickncfs. 



as the 



It is raifed of young feedling plants or berries, 



White Thorn is, and the berries will lie as long in 



the ground before they come up. It delights moft 



in ftrong grounds, but will grow upon the dried 



gravel, amongft rocks and ftones. 



The berries lie till the fecond Ipring before they come 



up, therefore they fiiould be prepared before they are 



fown (for this fee the article Aqt.'ifolium.) It v/iU 



be beft to low them in the pl^ce where you dcfign 



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