k 



I. 



I 



i 



^■ 



t 

 t 



4 



t 



I 



t 



r 



» 

 ^ 



r 



^ 



t- 



t 



. r 



thev fiiould grow, but they Ihould be well weeded 

 both before they come up and afterwards. 



• French Furz will alfo do well upon dry Tandy banks, 

 where few other plants will grow ; but they mufl be 

 kept very clean at the bottona, and cut thin, and 



. ji\'vcr fuftered to grow too high : nor fhould they be 

 cut in dry weather, or late in autumn, nor early in 

 the fprin^-; the doing either of which is fubjeft to 

 make it die in patches, which is irrecoverable •, nor 

 will it ever break out again from old wood, if cut 

 clofe in after it has been fuffered long to grow out. 

 Fences may likewife be made of Elder : if the foil 

 be any thing good, you may put fticks of Elder, or 

 truncheons ten or twelve feet long, flopeways in your 

 banks fo as to make a chequer-work ; and they will 

 make a fence for a garden the quickeft of any thing, 

 and be a good Ihelter. But thefe fences are improper 

 for a fine garden, becaufe they ftoot very irregular, 

 and are ungovernable ; as likewife the roots of thefe 

 trees fpread very far, and draw away all the heart of 

 the o-round, fo as to llarve whatever plants grow near 

 theiTi: and add to this the fcattering of the berries, 

 which will fill the ground near them with young 

 plants ; which, if not timely weeded out, will get the 

 better of whatever grows near them; therefore this 

 fort of fence is feldom planted, where a hedge of 

 White Thorn can be had. J / ■ • -^ 



, Elder planted on a bank, the fide of which is wafhed 

 with a river or ftream, will make an extraordinary 

 fence, and will preferve the bahk from being urtder- 

 mined by the water, beCaufc it is continually fending 

 fuckers from the roots and lower branches, which is of 

 great advantage where thellrcamwafties away the bank. 

 For middle fences in a garden, the Yew is the moft 

 tonfile, governable, and durable plant. 

 For furrounding wildernefs quarters. Elm, Lime, 



/Hornbeam and Beech, arc verj' proper. 



FENNEL. See FoENicuLUM. 



FENNEL-FLOWER. Sec Nigella. , 



F E R R U M E QJU I N U M. Sec Hippocrepis. 



FERULA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 505. Tourn. Inft. R. 



jH.321. tab. 170. [takes its name of Fcrendo, LaL 



becaufe the ftalks of this plant are made ufc of in 



fupporting the branches of trees ; or of Feriendo, be- 



"' caufc in old time fticks were made of them, with 



* which fchool-mafters ufed to correft their fcholars.] 



Fennel Giant; in French, Ferule. : ; ' - 



^. 



y The CHARACTEiis are, 



// bath an umbellated flower *y the principal umbel is glo- 

 bular^ and is cpmpofed of fever al fmalkr called rays^ of 

 the fame form \ the involucrum is compofed of fever al nar- 

 row leaves which fall off-, the principal umbel is uniform. 

 The flowers have five oblong erect petals which are equals 

 and five flamina of the fame lengthy terminated by Jingle 

 fummits \ ^ under the flower is fituated 



\ 



fi 



. V 



L 



fupporting two reflexed ftyles^ crowned by ohtufe 



3 <i - 



effei^ plain /; 



ividing in two parts^ each having a 



feed. 



each 



' This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion 

 ■ of Linnaeus's fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Digynia, 

 which contains thofe plants whofc flowers have five 





ftamina and two ftyles. 

 - r The Species are, - 

 i.'FERutA {Cotnraunis) foliolis linearibus longifllniis fim- 



plicibus. Hort. Cliff. 95. Ferula with the fmalkr leaves^ 



\dfingle. Ferula major, feii fas- 



3 



very narrow^ lon^^ ^ . ^ 



niina Plinii. M. Umb."'P%V Female Fennel Giant. 

 f ERuLA {Galbanifera) foliolis multipartitis, laciniis li- 

 nearibus planis. Hort. Cliff. ^5. Ferula wb of e fmalkr 

 l^^-^ts are divided into many narrow parts winch are plain. 



Ferula galbanifera. Lob. Obf. Galbanum-bearinz Fennel 

 Giant. ■ ' , ^ . 



Ferula {Tingitann) foliolis laciniatis, lacinulis tri- 

 dentatis mxqualibus. Hort. ClifF. ^S- Ferula ivhofi 

 Jmdkr leaves are cut, and ferments endwg in three un- 

 f^"^ parts. Ferula Tingitana, folio latiffinio lucido. 



H. fcdin. Broad-kavcd Jtminf Femd Giant from 



Tangier. , ' .'' . /^ . . -^ 



F E R 



4. Ferula (^^r;y//7^^)foliisp;nnatifidis,pianis Jinearibui 

 . planis trifidis. Hort. Cliff. 95. Ferula with zving-pointcd 



leaves, whofi pinn^ are narrow, plan, and trifid. Fe- 

 rula latiore folio. Mor. Hilt. 3. p. 309. Fennel Giant 

 with a broader leaf. 



5. Ferula {Orientalis) foliorum pinnis bafi nudis, fo- 

 liolis fetaceis. Hort. Cliff. 95. Fsrtda with the wings 

 of the leaves naked at the hafe^ and the fmalkr Icavet 

 ,briftly> Ferula Orientalis, Cachyros folio & facie. 



Eaft, 





th the leaf and 

 appearance of Cachrys. ■ 



Ferula (Meoides) foliorum pinnis utrinque bafiacu- 

 tis, foliolis fetaceis. Hort. Cliff. 95. Ferula with the 

 wings of the leaves pointed at their bafe on every fide. 

 Laferpitium Orientale mei folio, flore luteo. Tourn. 

 Cor. 



23 



7 



Eafiern 'Lafe 

 ^difli 



fubfeffilibus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 247. Ferula with ap- 

 pendages to the fmaller leaves^ and umbels fitting clofe- to 

 the ftalks, Libanotis ferulae folio & femine. C. B. P. 

 158, Libanotis with a Fennel Giant leaf and feed. 

 8. Ferula (Glauca) foliis fupradecompofitis, foliolis 

 lanccolato-linearibus planis. Hort. Cliff. ^5. Fennel 



fpear-fi: 



- * 



J 



P-45 



The firft of thde' plants is pretty common in the 

 Englifh gardens':' this, if planted in a good foil, will 

 grow to a great height, and divide into many branches : 

 the lower leaves of this fort ipread more than two 

 feet every way, and branch out mto many divifions, 

 which arc again fubdivided into many fmaller, gar- 

 nifhed with very long, narrow, fmall leaves that are 

 fingle; they are of a lucid green, and Ipread near 

 the ground. From the center of the plant comes out 

 the flov/er-ftalk, which, when the plants ai^e ftrpng, 

 will be near as large as a common broqmftick, apd 

 will rife ten or twelve feet high, having many joints 5 

 if the ftalks are cut, there iffues from the veffels a 

 foetid yellowifh liquor, which will concrete on the 

 furface of the wound. The ftalks are terminated by 

 large umbels of yellow flowers, which come out the 

 latter end of June, or in the beginning of July ; thefe 

 are fuccecded by oval compre&d feeds, which have 

 three lines running longitudinally on each fide. Thefe 

 ripen in September, and the ftalks decay foon after. 



/ 



When 



foon take 



» . 



^^r^'/ 



-Vrf ^ 



' - 







Mr. Ray fays, that the people of Sicily ufe the pith 

 ; of this plant for tinder to light their fires^' And' if 

 •this was praftifed by the ancients, we may eafily guefs 

 1 why the poets feigned, that Prometheus ftole fire 

 ; from heaven, 'and carried it to the earth in a hollow 



> FerulaJ . 



^^i- 



L 



s of thefe plants decav foon afi 



arc formed, fo that before 



are ripe, there are 

 :he ftalks afterward 



' 



dry and become very tough ; fo it is not unlikely 

 thefe may have been tifed for cdrreftion in the fchools, 

 as they are very light, and cannot do much injury. 

 The roots of this fort will continue feveral years, ef- 

 ■ Jiecially on a dry foil, and will annually produce 

 ! flowers andfeeds^r ! ; ' * 



^' 



/. 



The fecond fort doth not grow quite fo large as the 

 ; firft, but the ftalks of this will rife feven or ei^ht feet 

 high ; the lower leaves are large, and greatly divided; 

 the fmall leaves are flat, and not fo long as thofe of 

 the former, and are of a lucid green colour ; the um- 

 bels' of flowers are fmaller, and the feeds are lefs. 

 This flowers and ripens its feeds about the fame time 



as the former fort. 

 The third fort hath large fpreading leaves near the 

 root, which are divided and fubdivided into many 

 parts ; the fmall leaves of this are much broader than 

 in any of the other forts, and thefe are divided at 

 their end into three unequal fegments; the leaves are 

 of a '^ very lucid green. The ftalks .are ftrong, and 

 rife to the height of eight or ten feet, and are ter: 

 rninated by large umbels of yellow flowers, which are 



5 N fucceeded 



/ 



. < 



^ rf 





I 

 I 



