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inthefpring of the year 1724, there was fcarce ar// 



■ rain rrom February till about the middle of July, io 

 that moft of the Strawberries and Rafpberries in the 

 wardens near London, were burnt up, and came to no 



• perfection; but upon plenty of rain falling in July, 

 they recovered and put out plenty of flowers, which 



' were fucceeded by fruit, v;hich ripened in Septem- 

 ber when the markets of London were fupplied v/ith 

 ' a oreac plenty of both thofe fruits at that feafon of the 



year. 

 tRANGULA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 6x2. tab. 383. 



Rhamnus. Lin. Gen. Plant. 235. [is fo called of 

 " franf^endo, breaking, becaufe of the brittlenefs of 

 ; ics wood.] Berry-bearing Alder. 

 The Characters are, 



'The emf)alement of the flower is of one leaf cut at the 

 ' top into five feg7nentSy which are ereEl. The flower hati? 



cm petals which is cut into five acute fegments ; thefe 

 " ^^YC placed between the fegments of the empalement^ into 



■ which they are inferted^ hut are fljorter^ and ftand 

 ereol. It hath five ftamina^ which are the length of 



' the petaU terminated by obtufe fummits \ in the center 

 isfituated a globular germen^ fupporting a flender ftyle^ 

 crowned by an obtufe ftigma. The germen afterward be- 

 comes, a round berry ^ incloftng two plain roundiflj feeds. 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 

 of Tournefort's twenty-firft clafs, which includes the 

 trees and flirubs with a Rofe flower, whofe pointal 



. turns to a. berry. Dr. Linnaeus has joined this genus 

 ■with the Paliurus, Alaternus, and Ziziphus, to the 

 Rhamnus, making them only fpecies of one genus ; 



. but according to his own' fyftem, they fhould be fe- 

 parated to a great diftance from Rhamnus, and be 

 placed in his twxnty-fecond clafs, because it hath 



, ■'male and female flowers on different plants \ whereas 

 It is placed in thefirfl fe£tion of his fifth clafs, from 



* the flower having five Ilamina and but one ftyle, 

 rThe Species are, 



Frangula {Alnus) foliis ovato-Ianceolatis glabri.-.. 

 \ Frangula with oval^ fpear-floapcd^ fmooth leaves. Fran- 



gardens for variety • it may be increafed bv 

 down the branches, but mull; have a llr.^ncr'il;:!. 



1 .:i .. • ■ - 



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I'h 



fourrh fjrt o-row 



naturally in Norc'a AiucricM, 

 from whence I received t!ie feeds ^ this is prcuv like 

 the firil fort, but t\\^ leaves are longer and broader ; 

 tlvey are fmooth, of a lucid green, and have manv 

 vein.s. The flowers are very like thofe of the firft forr.' 

 Thele fnrubs are eafily propagated by feeds, which 

 fliould be fown as foon as they are ripe, and then the 

 plants will come up the f]:)ring following ; but if thev 

 are kept out of the ground till fpring, the plants will 

 not come up till the year after. When the plants 

 come up, they muft be kept clean from vvceds till 

 autumn, then they m.ay be taken up and planted in a 

 nurfery in rows, two feet afunder, and at one foot 

 diftance in the rows ; in this nurfery they may remain 

 two years, and may then be planted v^diere they are 

 to remain ; they may alfo be propapated by layers and 

 cuttings, but the feedling plants are befl. 

 The fruit of the firfl fort is often brought into the 

 markets of London, and fold for Buckthorn berries ^ 



of which cheat, all fuch as make.fyrup of Buckthorn 

 fnould be particularly careful \ they m.ay be caiily dif- 

 tinguiflied by breaking the berries, and obferving how 

 many feeds are contained in each, the berries of this 

 ^ tree having but two, and thofe of Buckthorn gene- 

 rally four feeds in each berry, and the juice of the 

 latter dies paper of a green colour. 



FRAXINELLA. See Dictamnus. 



FRAXINUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 102 5. Tourn. In il. 



R. H. si1^ 

 Frene. 



tab. 343. . The Afli-tree^ in French, 



The Characters are, 



\ 



1. 



. gula, five alnus, nigra baccifera. Park. Theat. Black 



Berry-bearing Alder. 

 2V Frangula {J^atifolia) foliis lanceolatis rugofis. Fran- 

 '^ gula with rough fpear-fhaped leaves. Frangula rugo- 

 fiore & ampliore folio. Tourn. Berry-bearing Alder 

 -with a larger and rougher leaf. ' ^ 



3. Frangula {RotundifoU a) fo\i\s ovatis nervofis. Fran- 

 . gula with oval veined leaves. Frangula montana pu- 



rinila faxatilis, folio fubrotundo. Tourn. Low moun- 

 . tain, rocky, berry-bearing Alder,* with a round leaf. 



4, Frangula { Americana) foliis oblongo-ovatis^ner- 

 ' - - vofis, glabris. Frangula zvith oblongs ovaly fmhoth veined 

 ' leaves, Frangula Americana foliis 



It hath hermaphrodite and female flowers on the fame 

 tree J and fometimes on different trees. The herr/japhro- 

 'dite flowers have no petals^ but a fmall four-pointed em- 

 palement^ including two ere£l ftamina^ which are termi- 

 , 7tatcd by oblong fummits^ having four furrows. In the center 

 - is 'fituated an oval compreffed germen^ fupporting a cylin- 

 drical ftyle^ crowned by a bifid ft igma. The germen after- 

 ward becomes a compreffcd bordered fruity fhapcd like a 

 bird's tongue.^ having one cell^ iyulofing a feed of the 

 fame form. T^he female flowers are the fame^ hut have 

 no ftaminal 



This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feclion 

 of Linnasus's twenty-third clafs, which includes the 

 plants which have flowers of different fexes on the 

 fame or different plants, which are fruitful. 

 Ihe bpEciEs are, i 





Jh*. ' 





I. 



Fraxinus {Excelflor) foUolis ferratls, floribus ape- 

 tails.' Lih. Sp. Plant. 1057. Afh'tree whofe fmaller leaves 



' ^ arj ferrated^ and flowers having no petals. j^Fr^x'mv^ 



glabris.'. 



American Berry-bearinz Alder with fmooth leaves. '• 

 : : ^ I he nrft fort grows naturally in the woods in many 

 '. parts of England, fo is feldoni planteci^ih gardens > 

 \ this rifes with a woody ftem to the height of ten or 

 ;';■ twelve feet, fending out ma^^^^ branches, 



r/r^ "which are covered with ^^dark bark, and garnifhed j 3 

 i " -.with oval fpear-fhaped leaves, about two inches lone:,' 

 ;^ \> and one inch broad, having; fevcral traniverfe veins 

 rv.lrointhe midrib to the fides, and ftand upon ftiort 

 ' '' ;foot-ftalks. The flowers are produced in clufters at 

 ■ ^the end of the former year's flaoots, and alfo upon the 

 rfirft and fecond joints of the fame year's fhoot, *each 



■ :-ftanding upon a Iliort feparate fpot-ftalk, on every 



■ .; Iide the branches ; thefe ^re very fmallj of an herba- 



ceous colour, and do not expand -, they are fucceeded 



" by fmall round berrks, which turn firft red, but af- 



, tei-ward black when ripe. The fiov/ers appear in June, 



- and the berries ripen in September-, thisftands in 



. the Difpenfary as a medicinal plant, but is feldom 

 4 uieu, - "- ■ f .' 



Dale. I .excelfior. C. B. P. 416, The common AJh.----- 



^" - 



- i 



2. ^Fraxinus (Rotundifolia) foliolis ovato-lanceolatis fer- 



^; . ratis, floribus coloratis. >^-/r^^ whofe fmaller leaves 



('are ovaly fpear-fhaped^ andfatved^ and the flowers co- 



'-- /i!J^';'^ J." '- Fraxinus'* rotundiofe "folio. C.^ B. P. 



*■ - '4 



A he fecond ^ fort hath larger rough leaves than the 

 . nrft; It grows, naturally" on the Alps and other 

 • niountainous parts of Europe, and is preferved in 

 - lome gardens for the fake of variety. 



ihe third. fort js of liumble growth, feldom rifing 

 'Jt^^'^ ^^'^ f^t:thigiji this^gfcws on the Pyrenean 

 r- Mountains, and is.leldom preferved unlefs in botanic 



416. 



.-Afld-tree with a rounder leaf commonly ^called Mama Afh, 



. Fuaxinus (Qrnus) foliolis ferratis* floribus colora- 



tis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1057. Afh-tree whofe fpiciUerleg.ve$ 



a'ye fazved^ and flowers having petals, . Fraxinus hu- 



milior five altera Theophrafti, minore & tenuiore 



:, ^ folio^ C. B. P. 416. Dwarf Afh ofTheopbraflus'with 



' ^ fmaller and narrower' leaves. : ■ ' • 



4* FRAxfNus {Paniculata) foliolis lanceolatis glabris, flo- 



^ ribus paniculatis terminatricibus. Afh-tree with fmooth 



fpear-fhaped leaves^ and flowers growing in^ particles at 



'-. r the ends of the branches. Fraxinus florifera botr\^oides; 



* "Mor. Pr^el. 265. The flowering Afh f\'■_:i■^':/^^- .. 



5. Fraxinus (Nova Anglia) foliolis integerrimis, peti- 

 olis tcretibus, Flor. Virg. 122. A/h-tree with the fmall 



: leaves entire^' and taper fopt-ftalks.r.¥rzxinus ex Nova 

 -Anglia, pinnis foliorum in mucronem produftioribus. 

 Rand. Cat. Hort. Chelf. New England Afh with long 

 ' acute points to the wings of the leaves. . 



6, Fraxinus (Ca'/olmana) integerrimis petiolis terreti- 

 bus frudu latiore." Prod, Leyd. 533. Afh-tree with 



^ entire_ leaves and taper footflalks. Fraxinus Carolini- 

 ana, latiore fruftu. Rand. Cat. H. Chelf. Gnrolina 



> ' 



Afh with a Ir 6 ad fruit. 



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