tcr. 



impregnated 



with falts, iulphur.^, or 



^ ^_ yi■\^ 



i i L 





which are not calily diiiblvuble, may lorn-i iilelt into 

 ir.etals, minerals, gum.s, and other foffils -, the part.-. 

 of thole mixtures becoming a cement to the particles 

 of water, or getting into their pores, ch.an^e tiicm 

 into thefc different fubftances. 



For the fecond: as an ethereal matter or medium h 

 generally allowed to be the caufc of the motion oi 

 fluids, and as the air itieit has all its motion from the 

 fame principle, it follows, that ail fluids muft remain 

 in a (late of reft or fixity, vv'hen tliat matter ioics of 

 its ncccllary force. And confequently, the air beinj^ 

 lefs warmed in the v/inter time, by reafon of the ob- 

 liquity of the fun's rays, is more dcnfe and fixed in 

 •winter than any other feafon of the year. 

 But farther: it is evident, from divers experiments, 

 that the air does contain a fait which is fuppofed.to 

 be of the nature of nitre. If this be granted, and the 

 denfity of the air allov/ed, it will follov/, that the 

 particles of this nitre muu likewife be brought nearer 

 too-ether, and thickened by the condenfation of the 

 air; as on the contrary, a rarefaclion of the air, and 

 an auo-nientation of its fluidity, miufl divide and fe- 



parate them. 



And if the fame happens to all liquors that have im- 

 bibed or dillolved any'fdt, if the warmth of the li- 

 quid keep the fait exactly divided, and if the cool- 

 nefs of a cellar, or of ice, caufe the particles of the 

 diflblved fait to approach, run into each other, and 

 ftioot into cryftals ; why fhould the air, which is al- 

 ,, lowed to be a fluid, be exempt from the general law 

 of fluids ? 





.-:■,. 



'i • - 



It is true, that the nitre of the air, being grofll^f in 

 cold weather than in hot, muft have a lefs velocity j 

 . but ftill the produft of its augmented mafs into the 

 , velocity that remains, will give it a greater momen- 

 ; turn, or quantity of motion. Nor is there any thing 

 - farther required to make this fait act with greater 

 : force againft the parts of fluids, and this may pro- 

 bably be the caufe of the great evaporation in frofty 

 weather. 



This aereal nitre muft necefl*arily promote the con- 

 cretion of liquids j for it is not the air, nor yet the 

 nitre that it contains, which gives the motion to fluids; 

 it is the ethereal medium, therefore a diminution of 



f the motion of reft arifes from the diminution of that 

 fbrce.7.. r:'_^ , , . -. 



f Now the ethereal matter, which in the winter time 

 .. is weak enough, muft ftill lofe more of its force by 

 ' its aftlon againft air condenfed, and loaded with large 



particles of fait/-- It muft therefore lofe of its force 

 . in cold weather, and become lefs difpofed to maintain 



the motion of the fluids. - 





» ^- .- 



I- '-- 



*r -^^ *» .-.1 -^ - f, p^ -^ - 



', in fine, xhQ air, during froft, may be efteemed like 



the ice impregnated, with fait y/herewith liquors a,re 



'^ iced in fummer time. -> It is very probable that thefe 



>■ liquors freeze by reafon of a diminution of the motion 



*: of the ethereal medium, by Its adting againft the Ice 



,' and fait together, and, the air Js ,nftt ^ik to prevent 



; its concretion by all its fcorching }\eat, 



: tThe air (fays Mr. Boyle) being a' fluid as^ w^l as 



'Avater, and impregnated with falts of different kinds, 



' It IS not improbable, that what happens in water im- 



•- prcgnated,with fuch falts, may alfo happen in the air. 



'Two proper quantities of difl^erent falts being dif- 

 : jolved in hot water, they floated undiftinguiihably ih 



35>' and retained a capacity to act in conjunftipn.upon 

 :, l^veral occafions •, yet when the liquor becomes cold, 

 . ™.faline parucles of one kind being no longer 



agitated by a due degree of heat, fiiot into cryftals ; 



^nd, lofing their fluidity and motion, vifibly fcparat- 

 : W^themfelves from the other, which ftill continued 



• ^^^ ^^ ^he liquor, and capable of adting feparately. 

 vV e have divers accounts in the Philofophical Tranf 



• ?f ,"^' ^^ ^ freezing rain which fell in the weft of 

 f^ngland in December 1672. This rain, as foon as 



by 

 ■ multiplying and enlarging the icicles broke aU down 



' ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^vaghti^the rain that fell on the fnow im- 



: K touched any thing above the ground, as a bong 

 . or the hke, immediately fettled into ice; and, 1 



F R I 



mediately A^ozc hno ice, without jinl^ir^ ii;to the fr^ovr 

 at ail. 



k made an ii, credible dcftruftion of tivcs h;'yond any 

 tiiing in all iiiuory. A certain -ciiiu-nan svciphcd a 

 ipng of an Aili-trec of j-.ift uircc qu.-ricri of a pcun^i, 

 the ice wJiich v/as on ic v.'cii. hr^l j (; 



1 . 



!v 



jn^uncts ■ mat 



fome perfons were irighted Vv'ith tlie ii'juc in die a'*- 

 tili they undcrJlood thae it was tiv- c'i.iucr of icy 

 bouf<hs dallied ajrainii: each otiicr. 



Dr. Bealc remark.^, that there v/as no conHucraMe 

 froft obfcrved on the ground during the v. hulL- time ; 



v/Iience he concludes, that a frofi may be very iiercf 

 and dangerous on the tops of fome hilis and plains, 

 v/hiie in other places it keeps at two, tliree, or four 

 feet diilance above the ground, rivers, lakes, &c. 

 and may wander about very furious in fome plages, 

 and remifs in others not far oSf. The froft v/as fol- 

 lowed by glowing heats, and a wonderful forv/ardnefs 

 of flowers and fruits. The effedls of freezino; vecre- 



CI? C* 



tables, is fardicr explained under the article of P'rost; 

 FRITILLARIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 372. Tourn. 

 Inft* R. H. 376. tab. 201. Corona Imperialis. Tourn. 

 Inft. R. H. 372. tab. 197, 19S. Fritillary, or Che- 

 quered Tulip and Crown Imperial. 

 The Characters are, 



^'he fiower hath no empakmcnt ; it halhfioc oUong petals^ 

 is hell-JJmped^ and fprecding at the bafe\ in the hollo'-^^ 

 at the bafe of each petals is fuuated a neSfarium \ the 

 f^ozver hath fix Jlainina ftanding near the ftyle^ which are 

 terminated hy oblong four-cornered fummits. In the center 

 is fituated an chhng three-cornered germen^ fuppcrting a 

 fingle fiyle which is longer than the fiamina, crowned 

 hy a f pre a ding chtufe fiigma. The gernien aftei'ward he- 

 comes an ohlong capfule with three, lobes having three 

 cells ^ which ere filled with fi^at feedsy ranged in a double 

 order, -■. r. _ - . ,, *..■/; 



. The capfule of Fritillaria is oblong and fmooth, but' 

 that of Corona Imperialis hath acute borders, or 

 membranaceovis wings. - 



- This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feflion of 



Linn^us's fixth clafs, v/hich includes the plants which 



have fix ftamina in their flowers, and but one ftyle. 



Thefe tv/o genera of Fritillary and Crown Imperial-, 



- have been always feparated, tiii Dr. Linnaeus joined 



< them together; indeed by their flowers they may be 

 properly enough placed in the fame genus ; but, if 



, their fruit may be allowed as a chara6leriftic note, 

 they fliould be feparate V however, as this new fyftem 



. is generally received, I Jhall, in compliance^with 

 the prefent tafte, join them togetherv^/lr-o'liJ-^^-^^^^^ ■ 

 .' The Species are, hi:j]i,i.j. '^'■r^\^':>aimiba-trui\'i^^' ' 



^,-'- ■^-' '*-■■*■>' *" «H^»»» 



1. Fritillarta {Melagris) foliis linearlbus alternrs, fio- 

 - ribus tcrminalibiiS;.^r^ViZf<^;y't£;/?/^ 



V- alternaU^ on^_ fig-ivers Jermjmting the fialk. .Fritillaria 

 v pr^cox^ purpurea^, variegata. C.^B, P,, 64, Early y 



purplcy variegated^ chequered Ttdip,<,\^ .^:^r; rit-ijix-^m:. ■ 



2. Fritillaria {Aquitanica) foliis Infimis oppofitis. 

 : Hort. Cliff". 81. 'Fritillary wbbfe lower leaves are cp- 



■ pcfitc. ' Fritillaria Aquitanica^ flq'e', lutco bbfcuro, 

 Swert. Floril. 'Aquitain chequered Ttilipy wilh.a^ chfctire 



. yellow flow er. . - -t -i ^■->.>j iO "irioi l' .:; ^in.'if)>^ 



3. Fritillaria {Nigra) floribus adfcendcntibus. Fri- 



-{• tillary with fiowers growing above each other,.- c Fritil- 

 ., laria nigra. Lob. Adver. 2. 406. Black chequered . 



. - -fw*> v/.. 



*m ■ '■ i* ^ ■' 



r I 



V Tulip.j .fi^: U:.^-h.' 



'4* FRiTiLLAliiA {Lutea) foliis lanceolatis, cauleunifloro 

 : maximo. Fritillary with fpearflodpcd leaves'^ .and, one 

 ' s large fio'wer on eacbftalL., Fritillaria lutea maxima, Ita- 

 :■ lica. Park. Parad. 43. Lqrgefl yelhw Italian Fritillary, 

 5, Fritillaria ^fJrnhcllcta) floribus umbellatis. FritiU 

 ' ' lary with flowers growing in umbels, .Fritillaria tinibel-* 



lifera. C. B, P. 64. Vmhellated chequered "Tulip. 

 6* Fritillaria (Pd-r/zf^) racem.o nudiufculo, foliis cb- 

 liquis. Flort. Upfal. 82. Fritillary with a naked fpike 

 '-■'cf fiowers and oblique leaves, I'Lilium Pcrflcum. Dod. 

 V Pempt. 220. The Perfian Lily. ■ 



7. Fritillaria [Raccwofa) floribus racemofls. Fritillary 



■. with ficwers growing in bunches, Fritillaria ramofa, 



feu lilium Perficum minus. Mor. Flort. Reg. BleC 



Branching Fritillary^ or fmal/er Perfian Lily. ..u.yd-~" 



'■ " .: B. Fri-' 



4- 



'■» 



^ 



..; >,- 



^.-.. f . 



,- , 



-^-^ . - 



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