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crafting, is feldom pradlifcd 



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formed about the latter end of March, or the be- 

 ginning of April. 



2. Cleft-grafting, which is alfo called ftock, or flit- 

 grafting ; this is proper for trees or flocks of a lefler 

 llze, from an inch, to two inches or more diameter; 

 this grafting is to be performed in the months of Fc- 

 bruarv and March, andfupplies the failureof the efcut- 

 cheonJway, which ispraftifed in June, July, and Augufi:. 



3. Whip-grafting, which is alfo called tongue-graft- 

 ing ; this is proper for fmall flocks of an inch, half 

 an inch, or lefs, diameter ; this is the mofl effectual 

 way of any, and which is mod in ufe. 



4. Grafting by approach, or ablaftatiori; this is 

 to be performed when the llock you would graft on, 

 and the tree from which you take your grafts Hand 

 fo near together, that they may be joined ; this is 

 to be performed in the month of April, and is alfo 

 called inarching, and is chiefly ufed for Jafmines, 

 Oranges, and other tender exotic trees. 

 We come next to the manner of performing the fe- 

 veral ways of grafting. 

 The firft method, which is termed rind, or flioulder- 



but on large trees, 

 where either the head, or the large branches, are cut 

 off horizontally, and two or fourcions put in, accord- 

 ing to the fize of the branch, or flem ; in doing of 

 this, the cions are cut flat on one fide, with a flioul- 

 der to reft upon the crown of the ftock ; then the 

 rind of the flock mufl be raifed up, to admit the cibn 

 between the wood and the bark of the flock, which 

 muft be inferted about two inches, fo as the fhoulder 

 of the cion may meet, and clofely join the crown of 

 the flock-, and after the number of cions are inferted, 

 the whole crown of the ftock fhould be well clayed 

 over, leaving two eyes of the cions uncovered there- 

 with, which will be fufTicient for fhooting ; this me- 

 thod of grafting, was much more in practice fcrmerly 

 than atprefent ; the difcontinuance of it was occafion- 

 *cd by the ill fuccefs it was attended with ; for as 

 thefe cions were placed between the rind of the ftock 

 and the wood, fo they are frequently blown out by 

 ftrohg winds, after they had made large Ihoots, 

 which has fometimes happened after five or fix years 

 growth-, fo that whenever this method is pradtifed, 

 there fhould be fome ftakes faftened to fupport the 

 cions, until they have almoft covered the ftock. 

 The next method is termed cleft, or ftock-graft- 

 mg ; this is prailifed upon ftocks, or trees, of a 

 fmaller fize, and maybe ufed with fuccefs, where the 

 rind of the tlock is not too thick, whereby the inner 

 bark of the cion will be prevented joining to that of 

 the ftock ; this may be performed on ftocks, or 

 branches, which are more than one inch diameter; in 

 the doing of this, the head of the ftock, or branch, 

 inuft be cuf off with a flope, and a flit made the con- 

 trary way7iti tKe top of the flope, deep enough to 

 receive thexioh, which fhould be cut floping like a 

 wedge, fo as to fit the "flit made iri the ftock, being 

 careful to leave that fide of the v^edge, which is to be 

 placed outward, much thicker than the other ;' and in 

 putting the cion into the flit of the ftock, there muft 

 be great care taken to join the rind of the cion to 

 that of the ftock'; for if thefe do not unite, the grafts 

 ■will not fucceed f when this method of grafting is 

 ufed to ftocks which are not ftrdng, it will be proper 

 to make a ligature of bafs, to prevent the flit of the 

 Hock from opening ; then the whole fhould be clayed 

 over, to prevent the air from penetrating the flit, fo 

 as to deftroy the grafts, only leaving two eyes of the 

 cions above the clay for ftiooting. 

 The third rnethod is' termed whip, or tongue-graft- 

 ing, which is the moft commonly praftifed of any by 

 the nurferymen near London, efpecially fof fmall 

 Itocks, becaufe the cions much fooner cover the ftocks 

 "J this method than in any other. 

 1 his is performed by cutting off the head of the 



K n ^°P'"S' ^^^^ ^^^^^ "^^ft be a notch made in 

 the flope toward the upper part downward, a little 

 more than half an inch deep, to receive the cion, which 

 mult be cut with a flope upward, and a flit made in 

 tnis Hope like a tongue, which tongue muft be in- 



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ferted into the flit made In thr ilopc of tlieftocl^, nbi 

 the cion muft be placed on one fide of the ibcl?.. fd 

 as that the rv/o rinds of both cion ahd fto^k may be 

 equal, and join together exaftly ; then riiere ihot-ld be 

 a ligature of bais to fuften the cion, fo ps tharir. may 

 not be eafiiy difplaced, and afterward clay it ov^r, ai 

 in the former methods. 



The fourth fort of grafting is termed irsrching- 

 grafting by approach, or ablaftation. This is onTf 

 to be performed when the ftocks, which are defio-ncd 

 to be grafted, and the tree from which the praft i^ 

 to be taken, ftand fo near togerh-^r, or may be brought 

 fo near together, as that their branches may be united ; 

 this method of grafting is commonly prailifcd on ten- 

 der exotic plants, and fbrnxC other forts which do not 

 fucceed in any of the other methods. 

 In performing this operation, a part of the ftock, 

 or branch, muft be flit off about two inches in lengthy 

 obferving always to make choice of a fmooth part of 

 the ftock ; then a fmall notch fhould be made in this 

 flit of the ftock dov/nward, in the fame m.anner as hath 

 been directed for whip-grafting; then the branch of 

 the ti-ee defigned to be inarched*, fl^ould have a part 

 flit off in like manner as the ftock, and a flit made 

 upward in this, fo as to leave a tongue; which tongue 

 fhould be inferted into die flit of the ftock, obfervina 

 to join their rinds equally, that they may unite well 

 together ; then make a ligature of bafs, to keep theni 

 exadly in their fituation, and afterward clay this part 

 of the ftock over well, to keep out t\c ait* ; int this 

 method of grafting, the cion is not feparated front 

 the tree, until it is firmly united with the ftock, nor 

 IS the head of the ftock, or branch, which is grafted^ 

 cut ofrtill this time, and only half the wood pared 

 off with a flope, about three inches in lengthy athd 

 the fame of the cion, or graft. 



method 



done 



the month of April, when the fap is flowing, at which 

 time the cion and ftock will join together, and unite 

 much fooner than at any other feafon* 

 The Walnut, Fig, and Mulberry, will take by this 

 method of grafting, but neither of thefe will fucceed 

 in any of the other methods • there are alfo fevcral 

 forts of Evergreens, which may be propagated by this 

 method ijf grafting; but all the trees which are graft* 



Weaker 



of thofe which are grafted in the other methods j 

 therefore this is rarely praftifedj but on fuch forts 

 of trees as will not take by the other methods; ' 

 The next thing which is necefTary to fee Icnowfij hy 

 thofe who would pradife this aft, is/ what trees will 

 take and thrive by being grafted Up'on eacih othfer ; and 

 here there hive be^h tio fure directions given by any of 

 the writers on this fubjedt, for there will be found 

 great miftakes in all their boolcs, iri relation to this 

 matter; but as it would fv/ell this article too erear, if 

 all the forts of trees were to ht here enumerated^ which 

 Will take upon'each other by grafting, I fhall only men- 

 tion fuch general direftions, as^ if attended to, Will b^ 

 fufficient to inftruft perfons, fo as they may fucceed. 

 All fuch trees as are of the fame genus, i. e. which 

 will agree in their flower and fruit, will take upon 

 each other : for inftance, all the Nut-bearing trees may 

 be fafely grafted on each other, as may all the Plumb- 

 bearing trees, ' urider which head I reckon riot ohl/ 

 the feveral forts of Plumbs, but alfo the Almond^ 

 Peach, Neftaririe, Apricot, &c. which agree exaftly 

 iri their general charafters, by which they are dif- 

 tinguiflied from all other trees j but as many of thefe 

 are very'fubjeft to emit large quanrities of gum from 

 the parts of the trees as are deeply cut and v/oiindedi 

 fo the tender trees of this kind, viz. Peaches and Nec- 

 tarines, which are moft fubjed td this, it is found td 

 be die fureft method to bud or inoculate thefe forts of 

 fruits, for which fee Inoculation. 

 Then all fuch trees as bear cones will dd well upori 

 each other, though they may differ in one being evcr-^ 

 green, and the other ftiedding its leaves in winter ; as 

 is oblervbak in theCedarof Libanus, and theLarcfi- 

 tree, which are found to fucceed upon each other verjr 



well ; 



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