into the joints of the walls, whereby they are fup- 



portcd. 



This may be propagated by cuttings, which if planted 



in autUHin on a fhady border, will take root, and by 



the following autumn will be fit to plant where they 



are defigncd to remain. 

 HEDERATERRESTRIS. See Glechoma. 



HEDGES. Hedges are either planted to make 

 fences round incloiiires, or to part off and divide the 

 feveral parts of a garden : when they are defigned as 

 outward fences, they are planted either with Haw- 

 '" thorn. Crabs, or Black Thorn, which is the Sloe ; 

 but thofe Hedges which are planted in gardens, either 

 to furround wildernefs quarters, or to fcreen the 

 other parts of a garden from fight, are planted with 

 various forts of plants, according to the fancy of the 

 owner •, fome preferring ever-green Hedges, in which 

 cafe the Holly js beft, next the Yew, then Laurel, 

 Lauruftinus, Phillyrea, &c. others, who make choice 

 of the deciduous plants, prefer the Beach and Horn- 

 beam, Englifli Elm, or the Alder, to any other ; I 

 ihall firft treat of thofe Hedges which are planted for 

 outfide fences, and afterward briefly touch on the 



othei*. . 



Thefe Hedges are moft commonly made of Quick, 



yet it will be proper, before planting, to confiderthe 



nature of the land, and what forts of plants will 



thrive beft in that foil, whether it be clay, gravel, 



fand,&c. likewife what thefoil isfrom whence theplants 



are to be taken -, for if the land they are taken from 



is much better than that in which they are to be planted, 



it will be more difficult to get them to grow. As for 



the fize, the fets ought to be about the bi^nefs of a 



goofe quill, and cut within about four or five inches 



of the ground ; they fhould be frefti taken up, 'ftrait, 



fmooth, and well rooted.' -Thofe plants, yvhich are 



, raifed in the nurfery, are to be preferred to all 



others, and if raifed on afpot near the place, it will 



•Secondly, If the Hedge has a ditch, it fhould be 

 < ^' blade fix feet wide at top, jnd one foot and a half at 

 .bottom,^ and three feet deep, that e^ch fide may have 

 'v'^a proper Hope v for v/hen the banks arc made too up- 

 right, they are very fubjeft to fall down after every 

 ^'- froft or haM rain ; befides, if the ditches are made 

 '■' narrower, they are foon choked up in autumn by the 

 ' falling leaves, and the growth of weeds,' nor a"fe they 

 a'fufficient fence to the Hedge againft cattle, where 

 • they are narrower. 



'- H^-4*-"----'*. ^, ^F^^ VV 



Thirdly, If the bank be without a ditch, the fets 

 fhould be fet in two rows, almoft perpendicular, at 



■ the diftance of a foot from each other, in the qiiin- 



■ curix order, fo that in effefl: they will be but fix inches 

 afunder. ..- - -," . ' -x^r:- 

 Fourthly, The turf is to be laid with the Grafs fide 

 downwards, on that fide of tlie ditch the Bank is 3e- 



• - fjgnecf to be made, "arid fome of thd' beft' mould 

 ' -fhould be laid upon it, to bed the Quick j then the 



- Quick is to be planted upon it a foot afunder, fo 



■ ; that the ends of the Quick may ft'ahd' upright.'';' . 

 r^ Fifthly, ^ When the firft row of Quick is planted,' it 

 " 'muft be covered with mould," and the turf kid upon 



it as before ; fo that when the bank is a foot hieh, 



^'' you may planf another row of fets' againft the fpaces 



jbf the lower Quick, and cover them as the former 



- *\yg^ done ; and the bank is.to be topped with the bot- 

 ■' "torn of the ditch, and a dry, or dead Hedge laid on 

 ' the other fide, to defend the under plantation from the 



■ cattle, ; ^ '^ ■ ' - - 



■*»: -V 



-;i** -^> lij -t^: ; 



' In making of thefe dead Hedges, there fhould be 

 ftakes driven into the loofe earth, at about two feet 

 •and a half diftance, fo low as to reach the firm 



■V 





Oak 



snd Sallow the next ; then let the fmall bufties be 

 laid at bottom, but not too thick, for that will caufe 

 the bufhes to rot ; but the upper part of the Hedge 

 fliould be laid with Jong bufhes to bind the ftakes 

 in with, by interweaving them. . - ■ , • ■ --. 

 And, in order to render the Hedge yet ftronger, you 



H E D 



may edder it (as it is called,) i, e. bind the top of thi 

 ftakes in with fome fmall long poles, or fticks on each 

 fide ; and when the eddering is finiftied, drive the ftakes 

 anew, becaufe the waving of the Hedge andedderine 

 is apt to loofen the ftakes. 



The Quick muft be conftantly kept weeded, and fe- 

 cured from being cropped by the cattle, and in Fe- 

 bruary it will be proper to cut it within an inch of the 

 ground, if it was not done before ; which will caufe it 

 to flioot ftrong, and help it much in the growth. 

 When a Hedgtr is of about eigiit or nine fears growth 

 it will be proper to plafti it -, the beft time for this 

 work is either in October or February^ 

 -When a Hedge is grown old, i. e. of about twenty or 

 thirty years growth, and there are in it old ftubs as. 

 well as new fiioots, the old ftubs ftiould be cut flop'- 

 ing off within two or three inches of the ground, and 

 the beft and longeft of the middle fize ftiould be left to 

 lay down j and fome of theftrongeft, at the height of 

 five or fix feet, according as you defign the height of 

 the Hedge to be, may be left to fervc inftead offtakes, 

 and frefli ftakes fiiould be put in thofe places wjiere they 

 are wanting-, the Hedge ftiould be then thinned, fc as 

 to leave on the ftubs only fach Ihoots as are defigncd 

 to be of ufe, that there may be room left to put a 

 Ipade in between them ; the ditch alfo fhould be 

 cleanfed, and each fide of the flopeskeptas in anew 

 ditch •, and where the earth is waftied from the roots 

 of the Quick, or is hollow, face it anew with fo much 

 of the firft fpit of earth that is dug out of the ditch, as 

 there is occafion for, and lay what is dug out at the 

 fecond fpit, on the top of the bank ; for if it be laid 

 on the fide, or face of the bank, it will fiip into the 

 ditch again when wet comes, and alfo take a great 

 deal of the bank alone; with it. --- 



In plafliing Quicks, there are two extremes to be 



avoided > the firft is, laying it too low and too thjck; 



becaufe it makes the fap run all into the fhoots, aiid 



- leaves' the plalhes' without nduriftiment, which, with 



the thicknefs of the Hedge, kills them. ;* * /:;'*- 



Secondly, It muft not be laid too high, becaufe this 



draws all the fap into the plafties, and fo caufes but 



fmall fhoots at the bottom, and makes the Hedge lb 



thin, that it will neither hinder the cattle from" going 



through, nor from cropping of it. i'-^, 



When the flioot that is defigned to be plaftied is bent, 



give it a fmall cut with a bill, half through, flopihga 



little downwards, and then weave it about the ftakes; 



and when the whole is finiftied, trim off the fmall fu- 



perfluous branches that ftraggle too far out on both 



fides of the Hedge. - ■ ., V >' 



If the ftubs are very old, cut them quite down, "and 



fecure them with good dead Hedges on both fides, till 



the young fiioots are got up tall enough to plafh, and 



lant new fets in the void fpaces. '-': • " K ^"^^ / 



n making a Hedge, if it be fet with Crab Stocks, 



'■■ it will be proper to leave one ftanding uncut i\p at 



-every thirty or forty feet, if the ground on both 



'^^' fides of the Hedge be your own ; which being done, 



they rnay be fo ordered, by pruning or ftaking, that 



' brie may lean into one ground, and tne other into ano- 



■Thefe ftocks fhould be pruned up every year, till they 



are brought out of the reach of the cattle, "and then 



■they'may be grafted with the Red Strealc, Gennct- 



nioil,^*or what other kind of cyder Apple you 



i * 



-■ 



* ' - 



ef^ -iJ^ 



'-'* v*-^ 



pleafe. ^ -^- r- 



If the ftocks be of Apple kernels, they may ftand un- 

 rafted, formany of them will yield very good cyder 



_ ruit ; but then fuch ftocks" as are hot grafted, 

 longer before they bekrV arid alfo when you dografc, 

 " you may be certain of your kind ; but if you find a 

 very natural ftgck, which by leaf, fhoot, and bud, 

 appears likely, you may try it, and fo you may have 

 a new fine fruit ; and if you do not like it, you may 

 graft it when you pleafc. 



As for the refl of the Hedge, when it has Ihot four 

 or five years, you may lay it to make a fence 

 for the doincr of which, take the following direc- 



tions 



3 



Firft, 



3 



