H 



Moft of the perennial fortsof Dwarf Citiusarehardy, la 

 will thrive in the open air in England ; they are pro- 

 pagated by feeds, which may be fdwn in places where 

 the plants are to remain, and will require no other 

 care but to keep them clean from weeds, and thin them 

 where they are too clofe, alv/ays obfervirig to leave 

 thofe forts at a farther dillance, whofe flalks trail on 

 the ground, and grow to the greatcfl: length. Thefe 

 plants will continue feveral years, efpecially in a poor 

 dry foil -, but in rich ground or moift fituations, they 

 leldom laft long : but as they ripen feeds in plenty, 

 fo they may be eafily repaired. 1 hey all flower about 

 the fame time as the common fort, and their feeds ri- 

 pen in the autumn. 



The annual forts may be propagated with as great 

 facility •, for if their feeds are fown upon a bed of com- 

 mon earth in April, the plants will come up in May, 

 and require no other culture, but to thin them where 

 they are too clofe, and keep them clear from weeds. 

 Thefe will flower in July, and the feeds ripen in the 



The twenty-fecond fort will thrive in the 

 full ground in the fame manner as the other •, but un- 

 lefs the fummer proves favourable, the feeds vVill 



H E L 



Jloioer ivith a fmall fioiver and a tuberous ruA, ry,:^;ur.i:'y 

 calkd Jerufalcm Artichoke ; in Frei-xh, T^iiD:,::)mbc:irs. 

 4. Helianthus. {Strti:)iof:s) raditc fuHl tonni. fioM. 





^ * 1 9 ' - 



^'r* 



r 

 > 



5- 



Cliff. 420. Siw-fl 



rona folis latifolia akifllma. Tourn. Inll. 480. 



bro^d-havtd Sim -fioi^er, 



Helianthus {Gigivitcus) foliis alrcrnis hnceol 



bris, bafi ciliatis, caulc ftrido fcabro. Lin. Sp. Pla::r. 



1278. 



rough Jlalk, 



.uis fca- 



and 



fp _ _ 



Chryfanrhemuni Vii-o;)nianuai 



C^. fn'tldt r 



ahifil- 







autumn 



not 



lefs the lummer proves 



ripen i the roots have ftood through the winter when 



the feafon has proved mild, without any fhelter, and 



have flowered the following fummer. 



The twenty-fourth fort requires a fliady fituatibn, I folio, radice repente. Tourn. Inft. 490. 



mum anguftifolium puniccis caulibas. Mor. Hift. :^. 

 p. 24. Talkft Vii-g'nua Chry^iirAhanura^ 

 leaf and ptirphjialks. 

 6. Helianthus {Divciricatus) foliis oppofuis fcffilibus 

 bvato oblongis trincrviis, panicula dichotcma. Lin. 

 Sp. Plant. 1279. Stoj-ficiv'cr ivith Gblofig^ oppojite^ oval 

 lea'vcs^ having three veins fitting dofc to the fidk^ nnd 

 a forked panicle, Chryianthemumj Virginianum re- 

 pens, foliis afperis binatim fefTilibus acuminatis. Mor, 

 Hift. 3. p. 22. Creeping Virginia Chrfyantkcnmm-^vcith 



fitting cleft 



7. Helianthus {'T'racbelifoliu's) foliis lanceolatis oppo- 

 fitis, fuperne fcabris, infernc trincrviis, caule dicho- 

 tomo ramofo. Sun-flower voith fpear-fiaped leaves placed 

 oppoftte^ Kvhofe upper furface is roughs the under having 

 three veins and a divided ftalk. Corona folis tracheiii 



un-foij!;cr 



S 



/ 



f 

 t 



otherwife it will not thrive here. 



HELIANTHUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 877. Corona 



folis. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 48^. -tab. 279. [of "Ha*.^, 

 ■ the fun, and "Ai.e©^, a flower,] i.e. Sun-flower;' in 



I^rench, SolieL .. :, . r" ""' /" • :. 



' This genus of plants Was titled Corona folis, by rrioft 



of the botanic writers ; but this being a compound 



name. Dr. J^innasus has altered it to this of Helian- 



.thus: it has'alfo by fome been titled Heliotropium, 



\vhich name is now applied to another genus of plants, 



* very different from this. 



The Characters are, 



.$ hatb a compound radiated flower^ the herder or rays 



' ^ieing cmpofed of female halfflorets^ which are barren^ 



and the difk of hermaphrodite florets^ which are fruitful : 



thefe are contained in one common fcaly empalcmcnt^ rohofe 



fcalesdre broad at their bafe^ poifited at their cnds^ and 



, expand. The hermaphrodite florets arc cylindrical, fivell- 



ing at t^eir bafe, cut at the brim into five acute feg- 



'■ menis^ which fpread open \ thefe have five Jiamina which 



are curved at bottom^ as long as the tubcy 'and tefmi- 



.naiei' hyfuhulous fummits, The germen^ *whi'ch is fitu- 



■ '. atedat the bottom of the tubt^ fupports a fiendei^ ftyle the 



length of thetube^^ crowned by a 7'eflexed fligma^ divided 



■; in two parts-, the gennen afterward becomes an oblongs 



blunt, four-cornered feed. The female half florets, which 



,' compofe the border, are ftr etched out en one fide like a 



8. 



leaf. 



ofijjimus) caule ramofiffimo, foliis 

 lanceolatis fcabris, inferioribus oppofltis, fummis al- 

 ternis petiolatis, calycibus foliofis. Sun-flower with a 

 very branching fialk, rough fpear-fhaped leaves placed op- 

 pofite at bottom, but alternate toward the top, having 

 footfialks, and leafy empalements. Corona folis tracheiii 

 folio tenuidre, calyce floris foliato. Act. Phil. N*' 412. 

 Stin-flower with a narrow Throatwort leaf and a leafy 

 flower-ciip. 



9. Helianthus {Atro'rubens) foliis Ovatis ' crenatis tri- 

 ncrviis fcabris, fquamis calycinis ereftis longitudine 



difci Flor. Virg. 103. Sun-fl 



fcales of 



'e 



empalemcnt being ereEf, and as long as the difk of the 

 flower. Corona folis Caroliniana, parvis floribus, 

 folio trinervi amplo afpero, pediculo ahto. Martyn. 

 Cent. 



I. 20. 



Sun-flower with fmall fli 



ftalk 



ngedfc 



which is long and entire ; thefe 



^ 



a ger- 



tbe bottom, but noftyle or ftamina,' and tire not 



..A-*.,^ 



f.' .■^-•. ■ta.''^.' 





tongue, 

 ■ fnen in 



-fruitful. 



[; This genuV of plants is ranged ih the third feflioh of 



^\ Linriseus's nineteenth cla{s,in which he includeTtKofe 



^ plaiits whofe flowers are corhpoied of hermaphrodite 



'fruitful flowers in the centeF,ancr female b^ri-en 



,'' '" flowers in the circxlmferencei" 



. ' 



^' /'* 



_- .-V - 



The Species are," 



r _ 



■9 ' A^V 





^* \ ; -- ^jt :*-7 r-*'^^ 



MM rr •^f --^ j"*i.* > F-A * , 



r 



^, --^.^v -' 









1 



1., Helianthus {Annuus) folus ornmbus cordatis tn- 

 . V^P'^^ivatis^ floribus cernuis. lJ[n^ ^6^:^12^57 Sunflower, 



whofe leaves ai'e all heart-fhaped, with three veini'^ and 

 a nodding flower . Corona foM. Tabern. Icdn."763. 

 , and the Helenium Indicum maximum. C. B. P. 276. 



-, yTf^^i^M Indian Sun-flower, cbmmonh called annual Sun- 



fiovjer. *::■-'.- :■■ ■ ■/'■■ ■' .- ■.;,-■. *'^- . ■ " ;■ ■--/■'' 



•^ -v ^ - ^ ■ . ■ ' . "" . - - - ■- 



^' .ii^UANTHvs'iMultifloris) foliis inferioribus cofdatis 



trinervatis, fuperioribus bvatis. Lihi Sp. Plant. 1277. 



Sunflower zvhofe under leaves are hear t-/hdpel,' with 

 -.'^r^^.?^%? ^/'jJ the upper leaves ovaL Corona folis 



ininor foemina. Tabern. Icon. 764. Leffer female Sun- 

 ., f^wer, commonly called perennial Simfiower. 

 3- Helianthus (Ti«i'fri3///j) foliis ovato-cordatis tripli- 



neryiis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1277. Sunfiower with oval 

 , heart-fhaped leaves with three nerves. Corona folis par- 



Vo flore tuberosa radice. ,^ Tourii. Irifl. 489. 



Sun- 



15. HelianthIts (Decapetalus) caule inferne lasvi, folis 

 lanceolato-cordatis, radiis decapetalis. Lin. Sp. Prant. 



." 905. Sun-flower with a fmoothflalk, heart fpear-fhhp'ed 

 leaves, fmootb on their upper fitde, and ten petals in the rays. 



~ All thefe fpecies of Sun-flowers are natives of Ame- 

 rica, from whence we are often fiipplied with new 



-'kinds ; ^aifid it is'Vefy'femarlcable, that there is not a 

 Angle fpecies of this genus that is European ; fo that 

 before America was difcovered, ,we were wholly iin- 



■■'\ acquainted with thefe plants. But although they are 



" hot originally of our own growth, yet they are bec6me 

 fo familiar to btlr climate, as to thrive and increafe 

 full as well as it they were in their native country, 

 (fome of the very late flowering kinds exceptec!, which 

 require a longer fummer than we generally enjoy, to 

 bring them to perfeftion ;) and many of them are how 

 fo plentiful in England, that perfons unacquainted 

 with the hifl:6ry of thefe plants, would imagine them 

 Sf-teaft to have been inhabitants' of this ifland many 

 Kiiridred years ; particularly th& Jeftfalem Artichoke, 

 which,"^' though it doth not produce feeds in oiif cli- 

 mate, yet doth fo multiply by its knobbed roots, 

 that, when once well fixed in a garden, it is hot eaflly 

 to be rooted out. / ;". * ' 

 The firft fort is Annual,' and fb well known as to re- 

 quffe no defcriptiori. 'There' are fingfe and double 

 flov/ers of two different colours, orle of a deep yel- 

 low, and the other of a fulphur colour ; but thefe 

 vary, fo are not worthy to be mentioned as different. 

 They are eafily propagated by feeds, which fliould be 

 fown in March, upon a bed of common earth ; and 

 when theplants "come up, they muff: be thinned where 





■ ■ 



'•^ ■ 



* i ' - \ ' >- 



{ ^ 



too clcfc, and kept > 



} 



• ^ ' 



