H I 



6. IItkracium {UmbeUcitum) foliis linearibus fubden- 

 ratis fpariis, floribuslubumbellatis. Flor. Lapp. 287. 

 llazvkiveed v:ith linear indented leaves placed thinly^ and 

 fictvers abnoji in an umheL Hieraclum fruticoilim, an- 

 fTuftifTimo incano folio. H. L. 316. 

 The firit fore grows naturally in Syria ; this fends out 

 from the root many oblong oval leaves, which are 

 f ntire and hairy ; from between the leaves arife a 



fmglc ftalk, 

 ed with hair 



little more than a foot high, cover- 



; the flowers are produced in a co- 

 n'mbus at the top ^ they are of a dark red colour, 

 compofed of many florets, which are fucceeded by 



feeds, crowned with a white down, 



k 



oblong blaci 



which, when ripe, by the elaflicity of the down, is 

 drawn out of theempalement, and by the firft fcrong 

 <Tale of wind, are wafted to a confiderable diftance. 



the be^innine: of Tune, and 



The flowers, appear 



inning 



the feeds ripen in about five or fix weeks after, but 

 there is frequently a fuccefllon of flowers till the au- 

 tumn. 

 \i is propagated by feeds, which fhould be fown on 



an eaft afpcfted border in March ; and when the 

 plants come up, they muft be kept clean from weeds, 

 till they are ftrong enough to remove, which will be 

 by the beginning of June ; then they fhould be tranf- 

 planted to afhady border of undunged ground, atTix 

 inches diftance, obferving to water them if the wea- 

 ther fhould prove dry, till they have taken new root ; 

 after which, if they are kept clean from w;eeds, they 

 will require no other culture : in the autumn they 



Ihould be tranfplanted where they are 3efigne(3 to re- 



the following fummer tnev will flower and 



mam 



produce ripe feeds, and the roots w^ill continue fome 

 years, if they are not planted in a rich moifl foil, 



. which frequently occafions their rotting in winter. 

 ^The fecond fort grows naturally on the Pyrenean 



'■ mountains. It is a perennial plant, whofe lower leaves 



• ;-afe oval, indented, and of a grayifh colour v thofe on 

 *.-the ftalks are fmaller, but of the fame fhape and co- 

 lour, and half embrace the flalks with their bafe ; the 

 ftalks rife a foot high, branching out in feveral dlvi- 

 fions, each being terminated by one yellow flower. 



• This is propagated by feeds as the firfl fort. 

 .The' third fort grows on the Pyrenees ; this hath a 



- perennial root, which fends up feveral ere6l ftalks, 



• garnifhed with fpear-fhaped leaves which are in- 

 dented-, the flowers are produced from the wings of 



^' the ftalks, upon fhort foot-ftalks, each fuftaining one 

 "^-' large'ydlow flower, having a loofe e'mpalernent ; this 



• flowers in June i it is propagated by parting of the 

 roots in autumn, and will thrive in any fituation. 

 The fourth fort rifes with a branching ftalk a foot 

 and a half high, garnifhed with heart-fliaped leaves 



■ ivhich are indented at tTieir bafe, where "tliey embrace 

 the ftalks; eacTi divifiori of the branches terminate 



. in a. hairy foot-ftalk, fuftaining one large yellow 

 '. flower, which appears in June, and the feeds ripen 

 ;- in the end of July. This is a perennial plant, which 

 is propagated by feeds as^the firft fort, and requires the' 



- fame' treatment, ^ ' r • \ 



;- The fifth fort grows naturally in Savoy ;' the* root of 



■ this is perennial, fending up feveral eredt ftalks hear 

 V two feet high, garniflied with fhort, fpear-fhaped, in- 

 dented leaves, half embracing the ftalk with their 

 bafe ; , the flowers are pretty large, of a deep yellow 

 colour, terminating" the ftalks ; it flowers in July. ■ 



r 'The fixth fort grows naturally in Holland; it is a 

 perennial plant, rifing with three or four fleiider ftalks, 

 garnifhed with hoary linear leaves, and terminated by 

 yellow flowers.' This rarely produces feeds in Eng- 

 land, fo is propagated by parting of the roots in au- 

 tumn; but the fifth may be propagated either inthe 

 fame manner, or from* feeds as the firft fort, as it pro- 

 duces plenty of feeds here. 



HILLS have many ufes, of which I fhall only tnen- 

 tion three or four. 



ift,^They fcrve as fcreens, to keep off the cold and 

 nipping blafts of the northern and eaftern winds. 



2dly, The long ridges and chains of lofty mountains. 



h 



■- ^-, 



H 



being generally found to run from eaft to wcH., fcrve t(> 

 ftop the cvagation of thofe vapours toward the poles, 

 without which they would all run from the hot coun- 

 tries, and leave them dcflitute of rain, 

 ^dly. They ccndenfe thofe vapours, like alembic 

 heads into cIoud^ \ and fo by a kind of external diftil- 

 lation, give origin to fprings and rivers-, and by 

 amafling, cooling, and conftipating thtrm, turn them 

 into rain, and by that means render the fervid re- 

 crions of the torrid zone habitabl 



n 



:> 



<3 



4thly, They ferve for the production of a great num- 

 ber of vegetables and minerals, which are not found 

 in other places. 



It hath been found by experience and calculation, 

 that Hills, though they meafure twice as much as the 

 plain ground they ftand upon, yet the produce of the 

 one can be no more than the oijier \ and therefore, in 

 purchafing land, the Hills ought not to be bought for 

 more than their fuperficial meafure, i. e. to pay no 

 more for two acres upon the fide of a Hill, than for 

 one upon the plain, if the foil be equally rich. 

 It is true, that thofe lands that are hilly and m.oun- 

 tainous, are very different as to their valuable con- 

 tents, from what are found in flat and plain ground, 

 whether they be planted, fown, or built upon, as for 

 example : . . 



Suppofe a Hill contains four equal fides, which meet 



' in a point at top ; yef the contents of thefe four fides 

 can produce no more grain, or bear no more trees, 

 than the plain ground on which the Hill ftands, or 

 than the bafe of it; and yet by the meafure of the 



\ fides," there maybe double the' number of acres, rods, 



and poles, which they meafure on the bafe or ground- 

 plot. . - - . ■ . , — - .' 



For as long as all plants preferve their upright me- 

 thod of growing, hilly ground can bear no more plants 

 in number than the plain at the bafe. 

 Again, as to buildings on a Hill, the two fides of a 

 .Hill will bear, no more than the fame number of 



M 



houfes that can ftand in the line at the bafe. 

 And as to rails, or park pailing over a Hill, though 

 the meafure be near double over the Hill to the line at 

 the bottom, yet both may be inclofed by the fame 

 number of pales of the fame breadth. 



HIPPOCASTANUM.' See Esculus. 



HIPPO CRATE A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 54. Goa.; 

 Plum. Nov. Gen. 8. tab. 35. ' 



The Characters are. 

 It hath a large fpreading empalemeftt of one leaf tut at 

 the top into five fegments 'y the flower bath five ovalpe^ 

 talsy which are indented at the points. It hath three 

 awl'Jhaped ftamina^ terminated hy broad fummits, - land 

 an oval germen fituated below the petals with a ftylt 



- the length of the ftdmina^ . crowned by an obttife ftigma^ 



' The germen afterihard becomes a heart-fhaped^ capfuk 

 winged at the top ^ inchftng five^ feeds, . "'-^ 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedipn of 



■ "Linnseus'sthird clafs, intitled Triandria Monogyhia, 



■ -die flowers having three ftamiria and one ftyle. v - 



We have but one Species of this genus, viz. ' 

 HiPPOCRATEA {Votubilis.) Lin. Sp. 50. Plum. Gen. 8. 

 Hippocratea with a triple roundijh fruit and a twining 

 JlalL Coa fcandens, fruftu trigemino fubrotundo. 



fi 



difh 



The feeds of this plant were fent me from Campeachy 

 • By Mr. Robert Millar, arid feveral of the plants were 

 raifed in England, which continued two years in fe- 

 veral gardens, but ijpt one of them lived to flower 5 

 they grew to the height of eight or ten feet, twining 

 round ftakes, but their ftalks were very (lender, and 

 decayed at the bottom, probably froni their having 



^ too much wet. . - 

 It is a very tender plant, fo muft be conftantly kept 

 in the bark-bed in the ftove, andftiould have but lit- 

 tle wet in winter. 

 HIPPOCREPIS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 791. Per- 



rum equinum. Toiirn. Inft. 400. tab. 225. 

 fhoe Vetch \ in French, Fer de ChcvaL 



Horfe 



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." ■ 



* - 



Jhfl 



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