1 



t 



If 



w 



H 



R 



* * 



I. 



2. 



feed, pointed at both eyids, haz'Wgalo7igittidinalfurrQiv, fur- 

 rounded by the petal cf the fio-iver^ tphich does 7tot fall off. 

 This o-cnus of plants is ranged in the fecond l^ftion 

 of Linnxus's third chfs, which includes the plants 

 whofe flowers have three {lamina and twoflyles. 



The Species are, 

 HoRDEUM {Vulgare) flofculis omnibus hermaphrodi- 

 tis ariftatis ordinibus duobus ereftioribus. Lin. Sp. 

 Plant. 84. Barley with all the flowers hermaphrodite^ 

 and two orders of beards^ which are ere ol. Horde um 

 polyfticum vernum. C, B. P. 22. Spring Barley with 



many rows cf grain. 



(^Zeocriton) 



HOP. 



able, it is very late in autumn before it is fit t« mow, 

 unlcls it be the rath-ripe fort, whicli is ofcen ripe in 

 nine weeks from tlie time of fowino-. 

 Some people fow Barley u])on land where V/hcit 

 grew the fonner year ; but when this ispradifed, ih-: 

 ground Ihoulu be plou;?;ricd the beginning; of Octobsir 

 in a dry time, laying it in Imall rid^^e 



, that th 



HORDEL'M 



feminibus 



flofculis lateralibus mafculis 



imbricatis. Hort, 



angularibus 



Barley with male flowers on the Jide^ with- 



3 



muticis 



4 



muticis, 

 Upfal. 23 



cut awns^ and angular feeds placed over each other, Hor- 

 deum diftichon. C. B. P. 22. Common long-earedBarley. 



HoRDEUM {Diftichon) flofculis lateralibus mafculis 



feminibus angularibus imbricatis. Hort. Up- 

 fal. 23. Barley with male flowers on the fide^ without 

 awns^ and angular imbricated feeds. Plordeum diftichum, 

 fpica breviore & latiore, granis confertis. Rail Syn. 

 246. Barley with fhorter and broader fpikes^ commonly 

 called Spraty or Battledore Barley, 



HoRDEUM (Hexaftichon) flofculis omnibus herma- 

 phroditis ariftatis, feminibus fexfariam sequaliter po- 

 fitis. Hort. Upfal. 23. Barky with all the fioivers h.r- 



froit 

 may mellow it the better, and this v/111 improve r^e 



land greatly ; and if this can be ploughed a-^aia u\ 

 January, or the beginning of February, it will breal: 

 and prepare the ground better; then in March the 

 ground is ploughed again, and laid even where it 

 is not very wet ; but in Itrong wet lands tlie ground 

 Ihould be laid round, and the furrows made deep 

 to receive the wet. When this is nnillied, t!ic com- 

 mon method is to fow the Barley-feed \/ith a broad 

 caft at two fo\vino;s ; the iirit' being; harrov.'ed in once, 

 the fecond is harrowed until the feed is buried •, the 

 common allowance of feed is four builiels to an acre. 

 This is the quantity of grain ufually fown by the far- 

 mers ; but if they could be prevailed on to alter this 

 pradtice, they would foon find their account in it -, 

 for if lefs than half that quantity is fov/n, there v/ill be 

 a much greater produce, and the corn wall be lefs lia- 

 ble to lodge, as I have many years experienced ; for 

 v/hen corn or any other vegetable (lands very clofe, 

 the {talks are drawn up w^cak, fo are incapable to refill 



maphro^ite^ bearded, and fix rows of feeds equally ranged, the force of winds, or bear up under heavy rains ; but 



Hordeum hexafticumpulchrum. J, B.- 2. 429. JVin- 

 tery or Square Barley^ Bear Barley ^ or Big. 

 Xhe firft fort is the common Spring Barley, which 

 is principally cultivated inEngland^ of this the farmers 

 make two forts, viz. the common and rath-ripe Bar- 

 ley, which are the fame : for the rath-ripe has only- 

 been an alteration, occafioned by being long cultivated 

 upon warm gravelly lands 

 ibwn in cold or flrong land, will 

 pen near a fortnight earlier than the feeds taken from 

 ftrbno^land; therefore the farmers in the vales, gene- 



The feeds of this, when 



the iirfl year ri- 



roots 



1 I 



■^ 



when they are at a proper diltance, their ftalks will be 

 more than tWice the fize of the other, fo are feldom 

 laid. I have frequently obferved in fields where there 

 has been a foot-path through the middle, that the 

 corn which has ftood thin on each fide the path hath 

 flrood upright, v/hen all the reft on both fides has been 

 laid flat on the ground : and whoever will obferve thefe 



of corn near the paths, will find them tiller out 

 (i. e. have a greater number of ftalks) to more than 

 four times the quantity of the other parts of the 

 field. I have feea experiments made by fowlng Bar- 

 rally purchafe their feed Barley from the warm land ; J ley in rows acrofs divers parts of the fame field, and 

 ■forif faved in the vales two or three years, it will be- I the grains fowed thin in the rows, fo that the roots 

 come full as late in ripening as tlie common Barley of J 'were three or four inches afunder in the rows, and the 



rows at a foot diftance •, the intermediate fpaces of 

 the fame field w^ere at the fame time fown broad caft 

 in theufualway V thefuccefs was this, the roots which 

 ftood thin in the rows tillered out from ten or twelve, 

 to upward of thirty ftalks on each root, the ftalks 

 were ftronger, the ears longer, and the grains larger 

 than any of thofe fown in the corhmon 'way -, and 

 ' when thofe patts of the field ^yhere the corn was fown 

 in the ufual way has been lodged, thefe parts fown 

 . thin have fupported their upright pofition againft wind 

 and rain, though the rows have been made not only 

 lengthways, but crofs the lands, in feveral pofitions, 

 . fo that there could be no alteri^tipn in regard to the 

 goodnefs of the land, or the fituation of the corn ; 

 'therefore where fuch experiments have been fre- 

 quently made, and always attended with equal fuc- 

 cefs, there can be no room to doubt which of the two 

 methods is more eligible •, fince if the crops were 

 only fuppofed to be equal in both, the faving more 



their own product -, and the farmers on the warm 

 land are alfo obliged to procure their feed Barley 

 from the ftrong land, otherwife their, grain would 

 " 'Regenerate in bulk and fulnefs, which by thus 

 ■ - changing is prevented.' This fort of Barley is eafily 

 •diftinguiftied by the two orders of beards, or awns, 

 » which ftand ereft •, the chafFis alfo thinner than that of 

 the two laft fpecies, fo is efteemed better for malting. 

 'The fecond fort is the long-eared Barley, which is cul- 

 tivated in many parts of England, and is an exceed- 

 ' riing good fort; but fome farmers objeft to this fort, 

 ' becaufe they fay* the ears being long and heavy, it is 

 _ more apt to lodge; this hath the grains regularly 

 ;." "ranged in a double row, lying over each other like 

 /., tiles oh a houfe, or the fcales of fifties. ' The huflc, 

 'or chaff of this Barley is alfo very thin, fo is much 

 efteemed for malting. . ^ 

 The third fort is ufually called Sprat Barley ; 

 hath ftiorter and broadei- ears than either of the pther 



this 



forts ; the awns, or beards, are longer, and the grains than half the corn fown is a very great advantage, and 



are placed clofer together, ^nd the awns being long, 

 '..the birds cannot fo eafily get out the grains -, this 

 "' feldom grows fo tall as the other fpecies, the ftraw is 



deferves a national confideration, as fuch a faving, in 



fcarce times, might beavery greatbenefit tothepublic. 



. v'l know t^he farmers in general are very apt to com- 



ihorter and coarfer, fo not very good fodder for cattle, j plain if their corn does not come up fo thick as to co- 



The fourth fort is'rarely cultivated in the fouthern 

 parts of England, but in the northern counties, and 



ver the ground green in a ftiort time, like Grafs fields ; 



but I have often obferved, that from the badnefs of 

 in Scotland, is generally fown, being much hardier j the feafon it has come up thin, or by accident has 

 than the other fpecies, \o will bear the cold ; this hath been in part killed, their corn has been ftronger, the 

 Jts grains difpofed in fix rows : the grain is large and ears longer, and the grain plumper, fo that the pro- 



plump, but it is not fo good for making, which is the 

 reafon for its not being cultivated in the fouthern 

 parts of England, where the other forts, which are 

 much better for that purpofe, do thrive well. 

 All thefe forts of Barley are fown in the fpring of the 

 year, in a dry time ; -in fome very dry light land, 

 the Barley is fown early in March ; but, in ftrong 

 clayey foils, it is not fown till April, and fometimes 

 not until the beeinning of May; but when it is 

 iov/u lace, if the feafon doth not prove very favour- 





\ 



duce has been much greater than in thofe years when 

 it has come up thick ; for the natural growth of corn 

 is to fend out many ftalks from a root, and not rile 

 fo much in height; therefore it is entirely owing 

 to the roots ftanding too near each other, when the 

 ftalks are drawn up Tall and weak. I have had eighty- 

 fix ftalks upon one root of Barley, which were ftrong, 

 produced longer ears, and the grain was better filled 

 than any wliich I ever faw grow in the common me- 

 thod of huft)andrNS and the land upon which this 



- ^rew 



