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e extre- 



portionedto the fum of all the expenccsof its branches; 

 that if the rdervatory be fifiy-tv;o high, and the 

 ajutages half an inch in diameter, the pipe ought to 

 be three inches in diameter. 



He fays, That the beauty of Jets of water confifts in 

 their uniformity and tranfparency at the going out o"^ 

 the ajutage, and fpreading but very little, and that to 

 the higheii part of the Jet. 



That the worft fort of ajutages are thofe that are 

 cylindrical, for they retard very much the height of 

 the Jets, the conic retard it lefs ; but the beft way is, 

 to bore the horizontal plane, which Ihuts th 

 mity of the pipe, or conduit, v/ith a fmooth and po- 

 lifhcd hole, taking care that the plate be pcrfeftly 

 plain, poliflied, and uniform. 



Thcfc fpouts of water are fome of the greateft beau- 

 ties of the Italian gardens, and are certainly better 

 ' adapted for gardens in thofe v/arm countries, than they 

 are for our climate, becaufe, in the great heats of fum- 

 mer, the fight of thefe water-fpouts is cooling and 



imagination, and they certainly add 

 a real coolnefs to the air ; but in cold countries they 

 cool the air too much, therefore fhould not be erect- 

 ed-, or if they are, they fhould be placed at fuch dif- 

 tances from the habitation, as that the damp may no 



ways affeftit. ' ' ■ 



Where thefe Jets are contrived, if there is not a con- 

 stant fupply for a large column of water, they Ihould 

 by no means be made, for nothing can have a meaner 

 appearance, than thofe pitiful pifling fpouts, fo fre- 

 quently to be feen in England, which perhaps have 

 not a fupply of water to play above an hour or two •, 

 therefore where there is not a natural body of water, 

 to fupply thefe Jets, without the expence ofraifmg 

 there' fhould never be any of thefe contrived in 



■ refrefhing to th 



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ILEX. Lin. Gen. 



. * - ■- 



Plant. 158. Aquifolium. Tourn. 



■'V'lnft. R. H. 606. tab. 371. The Holly-tree; 

 \'riFrench, Houx. 

 "'U'.niThe Character 



in 



3 are 



T » » w t 



' ^'bey have male^ female^ and hermaphrodite flowers on 

 ''idiferent plants, 'The male flowers have a fmall permar 



•■\ iient empalemcnt of one leaf ^ which is indented in four parts \ 

 ' they have but one petals which is cut into four fegments al- 

 ' mcjl to the bottom ; they have four awl-fhaped ftamina^ 

 .^ which are fhorter than the petals and are terminated by 



'■". fmall fummits. The female flowers have their empalements 

 '•*'< and petals the favie as the male^ hut have no ftamina ; in 



I - 



^-•. i their center is placed the roundifh germen^ having four ob-- 



'-'- tufeftigmas fitting on it. Thegermen afterward becomes 



'■■ \a ronndiflj berry with four cells ^ each containing a Jingle 



'".-rhardfeed: .' l../i 



• 'This genus of plants is ranged in the third feftion of 



. Linna:us's fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Tetra- 



. gynia, which includes thofe plants whofe flowers have 



- four {lamina and four ftyics •, but according to his own 



i-fyftcm,' It fhould be placed in the third feftion of his 



: twenty-fecohd clafs, with thofe plants which have male 



^; and hermaphrodite flowers on diifercAt plants,;:.!,. . 



■ ■ ;--The Species are,^ 



I, Ilex 



r- 



* . 



?■* 





{Aquifolium) foliis oblongo-ovatjs^ undulatis, 



'i -- fpinis acutis. Holly-tree with oblong leaves which are 



':wavedy andhave acute fpines. Ilex acuteata baccifera. 



•C. B. P. 425. Prickly berry-bearing Ilex \ and the Aqul- 



;;foHum five agrifolium vuleo. J. B. it. 114. The com- 



5. Ilex (Echinata) foliis ovatis, undulatis, marginibus 



' ',aculeatis, paginis fuperne fpinofis. Holly with oval 



* waved leaves, whofe borders are armed with ftrong thorns, 



and their upper furface prickly^ Aquifolium echinata 



. -folii fuperfice. Cornut. Canad. 180. Holly- free whofe 



: upper furface of the leaves are prickly, commonly called 



Hedge-hog Holly, ■ ^ 



3. Ilex [Caroliniana) foliis ovato-lanceolatis ferratis. 



' Hort. Cliff, 40. Holly with oval, fpear-fhaped, fawed 



•leaves, AquifoUum Carolinienfe, foliis dentatis, baccis 



rubris. Catefl^. Carol, i. p. 31. Carolina Holly with 



indented leaves and red berries, commonh called Daboon 



t I 



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ver- 



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There are feveral varieties of the comm.on Holly with 

 variegated leaves, which are propagated by the nur- 

 fery gardeners forfale, and fome years pail were in 

 very great efteem, but at prefent are bur little re^ard- 

 ed, the old tafle of tilling gardens with fhorn 

 greens being pretty v/ell aboliflied ; hov;cver, in the 

 difpofition of the clumps or other plantations of Ever- 

 green trees and Ihrubs, a few of the moft lively co- 

 lours may be admitted, which v/ill have a ^ood ef- 

 fect in the v/inter feafon, if they are properly difpofed. 

 As the different variegations of die leaves of Hollies, 

 are by the nurfery gardeners dillinguiflied by different 

 titles, fo 1 fhall here mention the moft beautiful of 

 them, by the names they are generally known : 

 Painted Lady Holly, Britifli Holly, Bradley's befl 

 Holly, Phyllis, or Cream Holly, Milkmaid Holly, 

 Pritc'het's belt Holly, Gold-edged Hedge-hog Holly, 

 Cheyney's Holly, Glory of the Welt Holly, Broad- 

 erick's Holly, Partridge's FloUy, Plerefordlhire white 

 Holly, Blind's Cream Holly; LongftafF's Holly, 

 Eales's Holly, Silver-edged Hedge-hog Holly. 

 All thefe varieties are propagated by budding or 

 grafting them upon ftocks of the common green 

 Holly ; there is alfo a variety of the common Plolly 

 with fmooth leaves, but this is frequendy found 

 intermixed with the prickly-leaved on the fame tree, 

 and often on the fame branch, there are both forts of 

 leaves. 



The common Holly grows naturally in woods and 

 forefts in many parts of England, where it riles from 

 twenty to thirty feet high, and fometimes more, but 

 their ordinary height is not above twenty-five feet. 

 The ftem by age becomes large, and is covered with 

 a grayifh fmooth bark ; and thofe trees which are not 

 lopped or browzed by cattle, are commonly fufnifhed 

 with branches the greateft part of their length, fp form 

 a fort of cone ; the branches are garnifhed with oblong 

 oval leaves about three inches long, and one and a 

 half broad, of a lucid green on their upper furface, 

 but are pale on their under, having a ftrong midrib : 

 the edges are indented and waved, with fharp thorns 

 terminating each of the points, fo that fome of the 

 thorns are raifcd upward and others are bent down- 

 ward, and being very itift, renders them troublefome 

 to handle. The leaves are placed alternate on every 

 fide of the branches, and from the bafe of their foot- 

 ftalks come out the flowers in clufters, itanding on 

 very fhort foot-ftalks ; each 6f thefe fuftain five, fix, 

 or more flowers. In fome plants I have obferved the 

 flowers were wholly male, and produced no berries ; 

 in others I have obferved female add hermaphrodite 

 flowers, but upon fome large old trees growmg on 

 -Windfor fofeu, I have obferved all three upon the 

 fame trees.i;?_ The flo^ter^ are Qf ,a dirty, wh^ and 

 appear in May ; they are fucceeded by roundifli ber- 

 ries, which turn to a Seautiful red about Michael- 

 mas, but continue on the trees if they are not de- 



;fl:rbyed, till after Chriftmas before they fall awayV. 

 The fecond fort srows naturally in Canada, from 

 whence it was brought to Europe.,^, The leaves of 

 this fort are not fo long as thofe of the cqntmon Hol- 

 ly, and their edges are arme^ with ftrohger thorns 

 ftanding clofer together -, the upper furface of the 

 leaves „ is., fet very clofe with fhqrt prickles, from 

 whence the gardeners have given it the title of 



VHedge-hog Holly. This Tort^ is lifually propagated 

 in the nurferies, by budding or grafting it up'ori'the 

 cbmmcJn Holly; but I have raifed it from the ber- 

 ries, and found the plants to be the fame a?, thofe 

 from whence the feeds were taken, fo make no doubc 



/" ■_" t "'-: 



of its being a diftinft fpecies, j,'. 



There are twovarietiesof this with variegated leaves, 



one of which is yellow, ' and the other white.' There 

 is alfo a variety of the common Holly with yellow 

 berries, which is alfo accidental, and is generally 

 found on thofe plants which have variegated leaves, 

 ; and but feldom on plain Hollies. 

 The common Holly is a very beautiful tree In win- 

 ter, therefore defervcs a place in all plantations of 



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