I L E 



Everrjecn trees and fhrubs, where Its fliining leaves 

 and rtd berries make a fine variety-, and if a few of 

 the bell variegated kinds are properly intermixed, 

 they v;i!l enliven the fcene. The Holly was alfo for- 

 merly planted for hedges, and is a very proper plant 

 or that purpofc; but then itlhould not be clipped v/ith 



r. 



fhcars, becaufe when the leaves are cut through tlie 

 middle, they are rendered unfightly, fo they fhould 

 be cut with a knife clofe to the leaf; and although 

 in thife method they are not fhorn fo even as w^ith 

 fhears, yet they will have a much better appearance, 

 and may be made as clofe and fecure as by any other 

 method generally pra&ifed. 



The Holly is propagated by feed?, which never come 

 np the firft year, but lie in the ground as the Haws 

 ■ do J therefore the berries fliould be buried in the 

 ground in a large pot or tub one year, and then tak- 

 en up and fown in the autumn upon a bed expofed 

 only to the morning fun •, the following fpring the 

 plants will appear, which mufl: be kept clean from 

 Weeds V *ind if the fpring Ihould prove dry, it will 

 be of great fervice to the plants if they are watered 

 once a week -, but they mud not have it oftener, nor 

 in too great quantity, for too much moifture is very 

 injurious to thefe plants when young. 

 In this feed-bed the plants may remain two years, 

 and then fhould be tranfplanted in the autumn, into 

 beds at about fix inches diftance each way, where they 

 m^ay (land two years longer, during which time they 

 ^ muft be conftantly kept clean from weeds ; and if 

 the plants have thriven well, they will be ftrongenough 

 to tranfplant where they are defigned to remain ; for 

 when they are tranfplanted at that age, there will be 

 Icfs danger of their failing, and they will grow to a 

 larger fize than thofe which are removed when they 

 are much larger- but if the ground is not ready to 

 receive them at that time, they fhould be tranfplanted 

 into a nurlery m rows at two feet diltance, and one 

 foot afuHcTerih the 'r6wsVTri 'which plac6' 'ffie' jJtaHts 

 may rcfi^ain two years longer; and if , they are de- 

 ^ifigneH to be grafted or budded with any or the 

 negated Idnds, 'ttiatlSiOuld be"perfofmed after the 

 ' plants liave'gr^WA'Qne'ye^^ in this nurfery; but the 

 plants fo budde4 or grafted fhould continue two years 

 after ih the nurrery, that they may make good fhoots 

 before" tKey are removed ;' though the plain ones 



I L L 



tin6l plants : he may probably have been led into this 

 miftake, by receiving feeds of this fort mixed together 

 with the berries of CafTine from America, v/hich 1 have 

 more than once done ; but whoever fees the two plants 

 growing, cannot doubt of their being different. 

 This fort is tender while young, fo requires protec- 

 tion in the winter till the plants are grov/n llrcno and 

 woody, when they may be planted in the full g?ound 

 in a warm fituation, where they will endure the cold of 

 our ordinary winters pretty v;ell ; but in fevere froil 

 they fhould be protected, otherv/ife the cold will de- 

 ftroy them; 



This fort is propagated from feeds, in like manner as 

 the common fort ; the feeds of it w^ill he as lono- ]^ 

 the ground, fo the berries fhould be buried in^the' 

 ground a year, and tlicn taken up and fown in pots 

 filled with light earth, and placed under a franie in 

 winter-, in the fpring the pots fl:iould be pluno-ed into 

 a hot-bed, which will bring up the plants ; thefe niuft 

 be preferved in the pots while young, and flielteredin 

 winter under a common frame till they have obtained 

 ftrength, when in the fpring they may be turned out 

 of the pots and planted in the full ground, in a warm 

 fituation. 



From the bark of the common Holly is made the 

 bird-lime, and tlie wood is made into hones for fct- 



The wood is very white, and takes 



a fine polifh, fo is very proper for feveral kinds of 



furniture. I have feen a floor of a room laid in com- 



• partments with Holly and Mahogany, which had a 



very pretty efieft, 



ILLECEBRUM. Lin. Gen. 291. Corrigiola. Dill. 

 Gen. p. 169. Paronychia. Tourn. Inft. 281. ■ ■'> 



ting of razors. 



The Characters are. 



r 



It hath a five-cornered' coloured empakment of five leaves^ 



va- 



which is permanent^ but ha: no petals ; it hath fivefien- 



■ derjiamina within the empalement^ terminated by'fmpk 



fummits^ [and an oval germen 'with a port ftyle^ cr-cvmd 



by an obtufe ftigmd,' ■- The empalement afterivard becomes 



a roundifij capfule with five angles^ having one celly m- 



( id 



taining one large feed^ which is pointed on every fide: 

 This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl fedion of 

 Linnseus's fifth clafs, intitlcd Pentandria Mono'^ynia, 

 the flowers having five ftamina and one ftyle.- 



^ould not ftand longer than two years in the nur- 

 fery, becaufe when they are older, they do not tranf- 

 plant fo well. The befl time for removing of Hol- 

 lies is in the autumn, efpecially 'in dry land ; but 

 where the foil is cold or moifl, they may be tranf- 

 planted with great fafety in the fpring ; if the plants 

 are riot too old, or if they have not flood long unre- 

 .moved, there is great odds of their dying when re- 

 moved.' '. . 



The Dahoon Holly grows naturally in Carolina, from 

 whence' the JTeeds' were fen t by the late Mr. Mark 

 Cateiby, who found the trees growing on a fwamp at 



. a diftance from Charles-town, but it hath fmce been 

 difcovered in fome other countries in North America. 

 This rifes with an upright branching flem to the height 

 of eij^hteen or twenty feet ; the bark of the old flems 

 If 01 a brown colouTy but that of the brahches 6r 

 Youno;er Jtalks is ereen and imoothj earnifhed with 

 ar-lhaped leaves, which are more than four inches 

 long, and one and a quarter broad in tne broadeft 

 part, of a light green and thick confiftehC'd 5 the up- 

 per part of the leaves are fawed on their edges, each 

 ferrature ending in a fmall fharp fpine j they fland al- 

 terhafely on every fide the branches, upon very fhbrt 

 foo^-ftalks. The flowers come out in thick cluflers 

 from the fide of the ilalks ; they are white^ and Ihaped 

 like thote of the common Holly, but arefmaller j the 



. fel^ale and hermaphrodite flowers are fucceeded by 



frtiall roundifli berries in its native couiftry, which 



make a fine appearance in winter, but they have 



not as yet produced fruit in England, fo far as I 

 can learn. 



The Species are, ■ rui :^/j.t 



1. Illecebrum {Suffruticofiim) floribus lateralibus folita- 

 riis, caulibus fuffruticofus. Lin. Sp. 298. Ulecehrum 

 with an U7:ider-Jhnib ftaJk^ having frnglc ficwcr's h 'the 



fides. Paronychia Hifpanica frudcofa, myrci folio. 

 Tourn. Inll. 508. jn-jii: 



2. Illecebrum {Paronychia) floribus brafteis nitidis-ob- 

 valads, caulibus procumbendbus. Lin. Sp. '^Xjg. U- 

 kcebrum with neat IraSfea inclof.ng the flowers^ and 



■trailing fialks. Paronychia Hifpanica. Cluf. Hifl, 2. 



183. ■■■■ • - i r- * li: '/.=K:)li' 



3 



4 



P 

 Illecebrum {Capitatum) floribus brafteis niddisoc- 



cultantibus capitula terminalia, caulibus eretlis, foliis 

 ciliatis. Lin. Sp. 299. Illecebr^im with neat kraffea 

 terminating the ereEl fialks^ andfilveyy leaves. ■ ^Parony- 

 chia Narbonenfis eredla. Tourn. Inft. 508.-^'^''^ ^ " 

 Illecebrum {Achyrantha) caulibus rcpendbuspilofis, 



foliis ovatis mucronatis oppofito minore, capituiis fub- 

 globofis fubfpinofis. Lin. Sp. 299. Illecebrum loitb 

 creeping ftalkSy fmall oval-pointed leaves "placed cppoftte^ 

 almofi globular heads of fiowers, having fnall Jpines. 

 Achyrantha repens, foliis bliti pallidi. Hort. Elth. 8. 

 tab. 7. ■ ■■ ■'■'■' "' 



L -* * y* Ail --' -' 'S 



f ' * .J/ t ' ^-* 



Dr. Linnaeus fuppofes this plant and the evergreen 

 Cafline to be the fame, but they are undoubtedly dif- 



5. Illecebrum (P^/y^^^c/i^j) caulibus rependbus hirns, 

 foliis lato-lanccolatis pedolatis, capituiis orbicularis 

 nudis. Lin. Sp. 300. Illecebrum with hairy creeping 



ftalks^ hroad fpear-fhaped leaves on foct-ftalks^ and crU: 

 ctilar naked heads of fiowersl- Ahiaranthoides hiu:vJe 

 CurafTavicum, foliis polygoni. Hcrm. Parad. I'j^ ' 



6. Illecebrum (yermiculatum) caulibus rependbus i^u- 



bris foliis, iubteretibus carnofis, capituiis oblongis 



glabris termtrialibus.'Lin. Sp/ 300. Illecebrum "^'^^^^ 



fintoth creeping ft alks^ almcft taper fi.efijy leaves^ and cv- 



longfmooth heads terminating the brandies. Amaran- 



! thoideshumileCuraflavicumj cepece foliis lucidis, ca- 



pituiis. Herm. Parad. 15 



Tb? 



