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This plant hath a thick flcfhy root, divided into many 

 knots or tubers, which fpread and multiply in the 

 ground •, thele fend out many ftrong, thick, fielhy fi- 

 bres, which ftrike deep in the earth, putting out fe- 

 venil ImaUcr fibres from their liden. From thefe roots 

 arilc tlufters of flat fword-fliaped leaves of a deep 

 irrecii colour, which are more than three feet long, 

 and litde more than one inch broad in the broadell 

 part, ending in points ; thefe leaves are conne£led to- 

 gether at their bafe into feveral heads or bundles, 

 wrapping over each other j and between thefe arife 

 ■ the fiower-ftalks, which grow four feet high and are 

 jointed, having very long fpathse or fheaths at each 

 of the upper joints, v/hich include the flowers. Thefe 

 ftalks generally fuflain two flowers, one coming out 

 of each iheath or fpatha ; thefe are permanent, and 

 when the flowers are paft, clofely cover the feed-veilel. 

 The flowers are divided into nine leaves, three of 

 thefe Hand ere£t, which are white, and fix turn down, 

 which are joined together at their bafe, the lower 

 fprcading out into a broad, obtufe, reflexed fall, 

 havinfT a beard which is of a bright yellow colour ; the 

 upper fegment is arched over the lower, fo as to form 

 a fort of lip, which is reflexed backward ; und^r thefe 

 is fituated an oblong three-cornered germen, which af- 

 terward becomes an oblong, fwollen, three-cornered 

 feed-veflTel, ending in a long point, which opens into^ 

 three longitudinal cells, in which the feeds are ranged; 

 thefe are angular and comprefied. This plant flowers' 

 the latter end of June, or the beginning of July, and 

 the feeds ripen in the autumn. . It is yery hardy, 'and 

 thrives well in the open air without any prote6tion.. 

 The leaves decay to the root in the aut:umn, and new 

 ones arife in the fpring. < The foots alfo propagate 

 very fafl:, when they arc in a light moifl: foil, fo that 

 it may foon be had in plenty, without waiting for 

 , plants from feeds. 



:.!fht tenth fort grows naturally m Aultna j this hath 

 narrow, fiat, Grafs-like leaves, about a foot long, of 

 a light green colour > between thefe arife the llalks ' 

 4 aBout fix inches high, having tv/o narrow green leaves, 

 which are much longer than the {lalks ; thefe ftalks 

 fuftain tw^o or three flowers, which are fmaller than 

 /any of the former fpecies j the petals have no beards. 

 , hut have a broad yellow line adorned with purple 

 -i ftripes ; the three falls are of a light purple colour 

 ' ftriped with blue, and have a convex ridge running 

 longitudinally, the other are of a rcddifh purple va- 

 riegated with violet; they have a fcent like frefh 

 Plums. It flowers in July, and is fucceeded by feed- 

 yeflels which are fhort, having three borders or wings 

 ^ running lengthways, opening in three cells, which 



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filled with angular feeds, which ripen in September. 

 The eleventh fort grows naturally near the fea, in the 

 fouth of France, and in Italy. ^ This hath narrow 

 fword-Ihaped leaved; -lit tie more than a FooT long, of 

 a deep green colour V ihe ftalks" do hot fife fo tall as 

 the leaves; they fuftain at the top two or three floWers 

 -which ftand near together ; they are of a brio;ht 

 purple colour with very deep falls, and the three 

 ftandards are blue ; the bending petals have no beards, 

 but inftead of that white broad ftripes through the 

 middle. This flowers in July 

 September.^-."/:: 





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; The twelfth fort hath narrower leaves than the former, 

 out of the fame deep green colour ; the ftalks do hot 

 rife higher than the leaves, and fupport two'or tKree 

 flowers, which have long' permanent empalemehts 

 ftanding ereft, which cdveY the feed-veflTel till the 

 feeds are ripe ; the flowers are fmaller, and of a paler 

 colour than thofe of the eleventh fort.,-^ ":^^i^^;? 





-_ -w ^_- ^ rm ^ — , — ^ . ,_ _ . 



The thirteenth fort has very narrow, long, Grafs-like 

 leaves, of a light green ; the ftalks rife two feet and 

 a half high, fuftaining three or four flowers above each 

 other, which have blue falls, and purple ftandatds 



rhis flowers in July, 



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The fourteenth fort grows naturally in Germany ; this 

 hath leaves like thofe of the eleventh fort, which, 

 vrhcn broken, have a difagreeable fc^nt; but this is 



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accidental, and not common to all the plants ; the 

 ftalks of this are taper, 'and rife a little above the 

 leaves, and fuftain three or four flowers one above 

 another, wliich have light blue ftandards, and purple 

 variegated falls without beards; inftcad "orwhich, they 



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have a broad white line in the middle ; thefe are fuc- 

 ceeded by fl:»ort thick capfulcs, which haveTcarcc any 

 s, opening in three cells, which are filled \vlth 

 angular feeds. It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen 

 in September. " . - 



The fifteenth fort has narrower leaves than tliofe of 

 the fecond, of a pale green^colour, and not fo ftiff; 

 the ftalks are equal in height with the leaves, and 

 branch out on both fides with long fdot-ftalks, e'ach 

 fuftaining "one pretty large yellow flower, ihclofed in 

 a long two-leaved fheath"; kt each joint where *the 

 foot-ftalks come out there is afino-le leaf, v/hich em- 

 braces the ftalks with their bafe. This flowers in June, 

 but rarely produces feeds in'this country.' -'." 

 There are two varietiesbf this fort," one with a ful- 

 phur-colourcd, and the other with a variegated flower, 

 which are fuppofed to be only varieties which have 



The fixteenth' fore hath broad fword-lhaped leaves 

 about'eigh't'Ihches long ;" the ftalks' rife about' the fame 

 -5 height with the leaves,' and divide into two 'or three 

 ; foot-ftalks, each fuftaining two or three flcAvers one ' 

 '•' above another, which have yellow ftandards'" and the 

 ' ' falls are variegated with dark ftripes."' This flowers 

 '- in June, out does not produce ieecis here, 

 ^--^T'heTeventeerith fort growS naturally in N9rth Ame- 

 - rica; this hath tufted fibrous roots, frorri'which arife 

 -; many Graft-like leaves about nine inches long;' from 

 "■' between thefe come out the ftalks, v/hich are ftiorter 

 ; than the leaves, fuppofttng olTe' purple flower with 

 ■'-' blue ftahdirds.- This fort flowers in May, but felcfom^ ^ 

 -"■ produces feeds in England. ::';h^i^ ^^^'^^^^r^ir-^- 

 -The eighteenth fort grows alfo in North America ; 

 this hath narrov/ fword-fliaped leaves about a foot 



been accidentally produced from feeds. 



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of a light green colour ; "the flialks rife a little 

 {-above the leaves, they are tap'er, and fupport two or 

 : - three flowers one above another ; the ftandards are of 

 a light blue, and the falls are purple variegated, v;iih 

 a broad white line inftead of a beard through the 

 middle. The germen, which is fituated under the 

 flower, is three-cornered below,' but taper toward tlie 

 top.'- This flowers in June, and often produces feeds 

 here. 



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*The nineteenth fort grows naturally in moift places 

 ;^ many parts of England,"' fo is feldom admitted irito 

 • gardens. -V This Kath thick tufted fibrous roots; the 

 "■leates aVe of a Grafs-greenTfword-fliaped, and when 

 broken emit a ftrong; odour, not much unlike that of 

 ^''hqtjoaft beef at the firft fcent, but if fmelt tooclofe, 



■becomes difagreeable.- It is generally called ftinking 

 ...Gladwyn in England; the ftalks rife about the Tame 

 ■^ heio-ht with the leaves,- 



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Ortmg two Tmall flowers^ ' 

 of a purple 'tolouf, variegated. It flowers in June, 





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^ and the feeds ripen in autumn. 

 The twentieth fort grows naturally in Auftria and 



"^ 'Bohemia'; this hath narrow fwol-d-fhaped leaves near" 

 a foot and aWf 16ng,"of aTark^green colour-, the 

 floVsrer-ftalks riie above ,^the leaves, and fuppoirtwo 



or three flowers with light blue^ ftandards, and deep 

 1'blue falls," with a^ broad ftripe of white, inftead of the 

 \ beard. This flowers in July,' and the feeds ripen in" 



. September. \^^-~ .- ='-\ ^-■■- :•" •; ^,--^ - If^^." 



'/^There'areTeveral varieties of thefe flag or fword-leaved 



Irifes, "which chiefly differ in the colour of their flow- . 

 <.. ers, fo are not to be regarded as diftinft fpecies i thofe 

 • •which are here enumerated are fuppofed to be fpe- 

 2" cifically tiifferent, great part of them I have cultivated 

 . by feeds,^ and found them conffantly produce tlie fame 



'as the parent plants. ■ v-n^' '^ ^ - it --V-- •. *. '^- ;V- . 

 ^'All thefe forts are' geheraily propagated by parting 



I' of their roots, which mo^ft of them multiply fafl: 



r enough.' The beft time to remove and part the root? 



■'is in autut^ni that they may get good root before the^. 



V .Iprfng, otfierwife they will not flower ftrong tlie fol- 



lowino; fumnien All thofe forts which Ipread miich 





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