U G 



but the fliell is not furrowed, and is of a light | fi 



nut 



colour. 

 :l^he fifth fort is not fo large as the fourth. 



U G 



for k ofren C3.ufes them to dccav ; ! 



The 



. leaves are compofed of two pair of lobes,' terminated 

 by ah odd one ; thefe, are' narrow at their bafe, but 

 broad and rounded at their ends j' they are fawed on 

 their edges, and are of a light green.'- The nuts are 

 fmall, have a fmootK^ Ihell, and are Very hard and 

 white. 



I i^i;,- 



vilj\ 31£ 



The fi^xtli^M'^gfo'^'s ifituraliy^ in^North America 



WMj^e It nies to a rpid 

 this fort are compoled 



ddting ftature*" The leaves of 

 ipoiea of three" pair of fmdoth fpear- 



ihape^lobes; ofa aarkg^^^^ fawed on their 



,:cdgesVWending in ?cute points. The fruit is oval, 



"the fhea white; hard, an^ fmooth ; the kernel fmall, 



but very Iweet. The young thoots of the tree are 



"covered with" "a very Tmooth brownilh bark, but the 



„ftems and .older branches h^ve a rough fcaly bark, 



- ^ pi; whencp, At. had )he appellation, of Shagbark, in 



The bell feafon for tranfplantlng thefe trees is 



- IT 



<^ 1 \ 



'Sh 



_ he common ."Walnut is propagated in many parts of 

 ^.E^lanSYortiiefrliit,' and formerly the trees were 

 .^^"prapagated fojc^ tbdr wpod, which was in very great 

 vclleem., " till the qiiahti'ty of Mahogany, and other 

 ^;,xife'furwoocfs which hkve been 'of late years imported 



almbfl: banifhed the ufe of 



k,- i.z! f4 



,into England, nave 

 .iWalriut 'S''.'" 



-m I 



- 4^ ^ • -/ ' - - ^ 



ize, 



trees planted. 



"^^^Thejle^^ti-ees are propagated % planting their nuts, 



^wliichi^ as was before obferved, felddm produce the 



:^|ame lort'of fruit as are fdwni fo that the only way 



^■'^to fiavTtKe defired fort, is to fow^ the nuts of the 



j^t^fl,kin4s^ and If this Is' done in' a 'nurfery, the 



'^..tfeei^JhoulH be tranfplahted but wlien they have had 



' "tHree'or fduV year& grbWth, to the place where they 



^..arc^efignei^tR.remmjt for thefe ti-ees do n^^ bear 



. .^ tran{b|,4nting when they are of a large fize. therefore 



.^thera inay be a good number of the 



'^KicK^eed not'be pM^^^t rilore tMh fijd ieef a^art, 



,^^|\i;rwifl Be ■'diffaW enb^^^^ for them to grpw till 



''^V^^rdiuce fruit v' when thofc^^whofe frdit are of 



eiircd kind may remain, ^nd the others cut up, 



jA to allow them room to grow -, by this method a lut- 



%J^^n^0^^^m may be generally fouiKi 



^amone tliefn to remain, which will thrive and flourifh 



si^creitly when they have room ; but as many people 



\^, do not care to wait fo loftg for the fruit; fo the next 



.Vjfcft' rrialiod is ,to\make' Choice of fom^'younfg trees 



'out when 

 there is a neccffiry for cutting any of their branches 

 off, it fhouk! be dont early in Scpccrnber (for m tlu^ 

 feafon the trees are not fo fubjedt to bleed) thac the 

 wound may heal over before the cold increafcs; th 

 branches fhould always be cut off quite clofe to tlic 

 trunk, othcrv.'ife the (tump which is kft will decay 

 and rot the body of the tre 



. - as 



foon as the leaves begin to decay, at which time if 



they are carefully taken up, and their branches pre-* 

 ferved entire, there will be little danger of their fuc- 

 ceeding, although they are eight or ten years old as 

 I have feveral times experienced •, though, as was be- 

 fore obferved, thefe trees will not grow fo larac or 

 continue folong, as thofe v/hich are removed youno-. 

 This tree delights in a firm, rich, loamy foil, or fuch 

 as is inclinable to chalk or marl ; and wUl thrive 

 very well in ftony ground, and on chalky hills as 

 may be feen by thofe large plantations near Leather- 

 head, Godftone, and Carfhalton in Surry, where are 

 great numbers of thefe trees planted upon the'downs 

 which annually produce large quantities of fruit, to 

 the great advantage of their owners ; one of which 

 I have been told, farms the fruit of his trees, to thofe 

 who fupply the markets, for 30 1. per annum. 



ni 



^ 



* 



but thpu 



crh 



theie 



t 



trees will grow and bear fruit, yet 

 v:, they will never fee To large or fo long lived, as thofe 

 which are planted young; -^-^ ^ 



^ A-* ^" 



^,.,AU thq.fpxts.ftlWa^^^ propagated for 



,:,. timber, fhould be fown in the places where they are 



.,^^.to rei}iamv for the roots or thefe trees always incline 



^^..fdowrmard, -which being itoppea or broken, prevent 

 ' their afpirihg upward/ {6 that they afterwards divari- 

 cate into branches, an^ become low fpreading trees ; 

 ,,.but fu£h as are propagated Tor fruit, arc greatly 

 ^^-^ mended by tranlplanting ; for hereby^ they are ren- 

 ^^^J'dere^d^ more fruitful,'^^and ^tReir.'ffuit"'2ft<Ef' generally 



it; beinff a cbmn:]oft obfefyation, 

 that downright roots greatly encou^ge tjie ruxuriant^ 

 NoSrowth of timber in all forts of trees\ 'but ifucTi 'trees 

 .«rtvas have their roots fpreaatng near the uirface of the 

 TJit^"a;^ate alway/^'^ frui!fbl and beft fla- 



vduVerf ■'^^^■'^ ''''^^^'^^^^^^^^^ ' ^^ 'u^;^vi ^^ivv,>' 

 ^^niits^IJiould be preleryed in theif outer covers 

 •WMWarVfanauntilFebrimrv^, Vhe^ they fhould be plant- 

 a in lines, at the diltance you mtena them to re- 



The diftance thefe trees Ihould be placed, ought hot 

 to be lefs than forty feet, efpecially if regard be had 

 " to their friiit ; though when they are only defigned 

 for timber, if they ftand much nearer, it promotes 

 their upright grov/th. The black Virginia Walnut 

 is much more inclinable to grow upright than the 

 common fort, and the wood being generally of a 

 ' more beautiful grain, renders it preferable to that 

 and better worth cultivating. T have feen fome of 

 this wood which hath been beautifully veined with 

 '^^black"ana whiti^lvhich, when polifhed^ has appeared 

 ■^;5t"a ''aiftaHde,,like Vemed 'marble*: vvTiiis v/ood is 

 y gready eft^med by the cabinet-makerS for iolaying, 

 ^"^^ as alfo for fiedifteads, ftools, tables, and csbmets'^ and 

 ■is one of the m oft durable woods for, thofe purpofes 

 'OfEn^ifh growth, being lefs liable to. be infeSed 

 'with infefts than moft other kinds (which' may pro- 

 ceed from Its extraordinary bitternefs ;) but it is not 

 '-proper for buildings of ftrcngth, it being pf a brktk 

 nature, and exceeding fubjeft to break ^ very Ihort, 

 '". though it cbrfimonly gives notice thereof, by its crack- 

 ^^^ing fome time before it breaksJ • ,- ■ : a'^rr innLI 

 The general opinion is, that the beating of this'froit 

 improves the trees, which I do not believe, finee inthe 

 doing of this, the younger branches are generally 

 broken and deftroyed-, but as it would be exceeding 

 troublefome to gather it by hand, fo in beating it oft, 

 great care fhould be taken that it bp not. d^ie^^ with 

 violence, for the reafon before afligned;.\s^fcrQr^er 

 to preferve the fruit, it Ihould remain up6n the trees 

 til) it is thorough ripe, when It fiiould'^b^bfateil 

 \;--down, and laid in heaps for two df'thtec^days^ af- 

 :"■' ter which^they fhould be fpread abroad, wheo^ijn a 

 ^-*'4itrie time,* their hufks will eafily partdfrO^gtithe 

 ^'^-^fliells J tHeh you 'ttuft dry them well in^, t^ ^iun, 

 and lay them^up in a dry place," wJier6'a9ce£fec:9ther 

 "^^^vernnin cannot come to thto>, CHi\whidi?plageTthcy 

 ^^''^^: will remain good forfoi^^r Bye months /;but there 

 »'^P{ii% fome' perfons who put -their Walnuts-^^ 



.^_-. 



- ■ 



1 I ^ 



^^.fOW 



-V 









ViUi 



iung trees, where they are too thick;' may be re- 



/ moved, after they have grown two oi^ three years, 



leaving the remainder at tn6 aiitance they are to 



^ In tranrplantinnr thefe treesi'''7ou fhould'^ ob- 



- lerve Jievcr to prune either then- roots or laree 



..branches, both which are Very injurious to them-, 



nor |l}puld,yoia.'be too bufy fn loppihg or pruning 



-the branches of thefe "trees when grown to a large 



penons wno put -tneir Wainuts-^^mto an' 



J,^ -HOfveri gently heated, "where, they -let 'tlitmnrertiaia 



four or five hours to dry, and then put.^^Jtem up 



|- in oil jars, '-or any other clofe vefTeVT^tiiixiog^he^* 



^''*^withdry land, by which method they wBl keep good 



■'fix months.^''^The purring of them in tHe'^veni 



dry'the gcrm-^'^^nd prevent irtieir"*^rbutingftibut 



the oven be too hbt it -willcaTjft them to Ibriaks^ffeere- 



fore great care muft be had to that.: ;Vov^ d^idv/ 



I ■ 



is to 



if 



Jl 



» . 



All the other forts are propagated in the fame way, 

 but as few of the forts produce fruit in- England, fo 

 their niils 'itlilft be procured from North America ; 

 which Ihould be gathered when fully ripe, and put up 

 in dry fand, to preferve them in their paffage co Eng- 

 land: when they arrive here, the Iconer they are 

 planted the greater chance there will be of rheir fuc- 



ding ; 





